Incamake: Gushyira ubwenge mu buhinzi bw’inyubako zigezweho ahanini bishingiye ku buryo bwo gukora no kubungabunga. Gushyira ubwenge mu buryo bwo gukora no kubungabunga bifitanye isano itaziguye n’imikorere myiza y’ubuhinzi bw’ibimera, kandi bigaragaza uburyo ubuhinzi bw’inyubako bugezweho, bufite akamaro ko gukwirakwiza no guteza imbere mu buryo bwimbitse. Iyi nyandiko igaragaza ikoreshwa rya sisitemu y’imikorere n’ubuvuzi bw’inyubako mu buhinzi bw’inyubako i Qingdao, igasesengura ingaruka zabyo, kandi igasuzuma agaciro k’uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru, kugira ngo itange amakuru ku bakora ubuhinzi n’ubworozi bireba kandi yongere inyigo yimbitse ku buryo bujyanye na bwo, bityo urwego rw’ubuhinzi bw’inyubako rurusheho kunozwa.

Amagambo y'ingenzi: Sisitemu y'ikoranabuhanga yo gukoresha no kubungabunga; Ubuhinzi bw'ibigo; Gukoresha

Kubera iterambere ryihuse ry’Ubushinwa, uburyo gakondo bwo gukora ubuhinzi ntibwashoboye guhaza ibyifuzo bya sosiyete ku bwiza n’ingano y’ibikomoka ku buhinzi. Ubuhinzi bugezweho, burangwa n’umusaruro mwinshi, imikorere myiza, n’ubwiza buhanitse, bwateye imbere cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha, bugaragaza ubushobozi bunini ku isoko. Ariko, ugereranije n’ibihugu byateye imbere mu buhinzi cyangwa uturere two ku isi, urwego rw’ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi bw’ubuhinzi bw’ubuhinzi bw’ubuhinzi ruracyari inyuma cyane, cyane cyane mu ikoreshwa rya sisitemu z’ikoranabuhanga zishingiye ku mikorere n’imicungire y’ubuhinzi zishingiye kuri IoT nka sensors z’ubuhinzi n’ubwonko bw’imashini, aho gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga bisaba kunozwa byihutirwa.

1. Sisitemu y'ubuhanga mu mikorere no kubungabunga ubuhinzi

1.1 Ibisobanuro bya sisitemu

Sisitemu y'imikorere n'ubuziranenge mu buhinzi ni ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rihuza cyane ikoranabuhanga rya IoT, ikoranabuhanga ryo gucunga neza, n'ibikorwa bitandukanye by'ubuhinzi nko gutera, kubika, gutunganya, gutwara, gukurikirana no gukoresha. Binyuze mu guhuza "system + hardware", sisitemu y'imikorere n'ubuziranenge mu buhinzi ikoresha ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi rya interineti y'ibintu, nko kumenya ikoranabuhanga, ikoranabuhanga ryo kohereza amakuru, ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya n'ikoranabuhanga risanzwe, kugira ngo ikemure byuzuye ibibazo byinshi bifitanye isano nko kumenya umuntu ku giti cye mu buhinzi, kumenya uko ibintu bimeze, guhuza ibikoresho bitandukanye, gutunganya amakuru atandukanye, kuvumbura ubumenyi no gushyigikira ibyemezo.

1.2 Inzira ya tekiniki

Ubusanzwe, imiterere ya sisitemu yo gucunga ubuhinzi igizwe ahanini n'imyumvire, urusobe rw'ibikorwa n'urubuga. Muri urwo rwego, ibigo bishobora kwagura ibyiciro byumvikana bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ubuhinzi n'ibyo ubucuruzi bukeneye. Imiterere ya sisitemu yo gucunga no kubungabunga ubuhinzi igaragara ku Ishusho ya 1.

Kugira ngo habeho ibyifuzo byo gukora no kubungabunga ubuhinzi bw’inyubako hifashishijwe ubuhanga, ibikoresho nk’ibipima ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe, ibipima karuboni dioxyde, ibipima urumuri, ibipima ubushyuhe, ibipima amazi, ibipima karuboni dioxyde de révolution, ibipima ikirere bivamo umwuka, ibipima uburemere bw’umuvuduko w’amazi, ibipima ikirere bivamo umwuka, ibipima ikirere bivamo umwuka na pH bishobora guhindurwa, kandi ibigo bifite ababikeneye cyane bishobora gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibipima, no gukoresha uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru kugira ngo amakuru ahererekanywa neza kandi afatwe neza.

1.3 Akamaro k'Iterambere

Sisitemu y’imikorere n’iy’ubuhanga ikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya ibintu mu buryo bw’ubwenge, ikoranabuhanga ryo kohereza amakuru n’ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ibintu mu buryo bw’ubwenge binyuze mu buhinzi bwa interineti y’ibintu kugira ngo ikore igenzura ry’igihe nyacyo no kugenzura kure imiyoboro yose mu bikorwa by’ubuhinzi, guteza imbere amakuru mu buryo bw’ubwenge ku musaruro w’ubuhinzi, imicungire n’imyanzuro y’ingamba, no gushyira mu bikorwa imikorere myiza, ishyirwa mu bikorwa, ubunini n’ubuziranenge bw’umusaruro w’ubuhinzi. Amaherezo, hazagerwaho isano iri hagati y’imiyoboro yose mu musaruro w’ibihingwa n’imiyoboro yose mu ruhererekane rw’inganda z’ubuhinzi. Hazabaho ibidukikije by’ubukungu buzunguruka hamwe na sisitemu y’ikoranabuhanga ryo gutera ibimera, urubuga rw’ubwonko mu buhinzi, umutekano w’ibiribwa mu buhinzi, urubuga rw’ubucuruzi bw’ibikomoka ku buhinzi, sisitemu nshya y’imari mu ruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa mu buhinzi, ubukerarugendo bw’ubuhinzi busanzwe n’ubuhinzi bwuzuzanya n’ubworozi (Ishusho ya 2).

 

2.Gukurikirana amakuru ku bijyanye no guhuza amazi n'ifumbire mvaruganda

2.1 Ihame ry'Uburyo

Iyi sisitemu itanga ibisubizo bibi ku buryo bw'amazi n'ifumbire mvaruganda binyuze mu kumenya ingano y'amazi, EC, pH n'ibindi bipimo bya matrix y'ibinyampeke, bigira uruhare runini mu kuyobora kuhira neza. Dukurikije imiterere y'ahantu hatandukanye ho gutera, binyuze mu isesengura n'ubushakashatsi ku miterere n'imiterere ya matrix, kugira ngo hatezweho icyitegererezo cyo kuhira igihe, icyitegererezo cyo kuhira cyo hejuru n'icyo hasi cyo gushyiraho amazi ya matrix; sisitemu yo kubona amakuru ahujwe n'amazi n'ifumbire ishobora kugenzura icyitegererezo cyo kuhira, kunoza no gusubiramo bishobora gukorwa buri gihe mu mikorere no kubungabunga umusaruro.

2.2 Imiterere ya sisitemu

Sisitemu igizwe n'igikoresho gikusanya amazi yinjira, igikoresho gikusanya amazi agaruka, igikoresho gikurikirana ibintu mu buryo bw'igihe nyacyo n'igice cy'itumanaho, aho igikoresho gikusanya amazi yinjira kigizwe n'icyuma gipima pH, icyuma gipima EC, ipompo y'amazi, icyuma gipima flow n'ibindi bice; kandi igikoresho gikusanya amazi agaruka kigizwe n'icyuma gipima umuvuduko, icyuma gipima pH, icyuma gipima EC n'ibindi bice; igikoresho gikurikirana ibintu mu buryo bw'igihe nyacyo kigizwe n'agasanduku gakusanya amazi agaruka, ecran y'icyuma gipima amazi agaruka, icyuma gipima umuvuduko, icyuma gipima pH, icyuma gipima EC, icyuma gipima ubushyuhe n'ubukonje n'ibindi bice. Moduli y'itumanaho irimo module ebyiri za LoRa, imwe iri mu cyumba cyo kugenzura hagati n'indi iri mu gikoni cyo kubungabunga ibidukikije (Ishusho ya 3). Hari umurongo uhuza mudasobwa n'igice cy'itumanaho kiri mu cyumba cyo kugenzura hagati, hari umurongo uhuza nta mugozi hagati y'igice cy'itumanaho kiri mu cyumba cyo kugenzura hagati n'igice cy'itumanaho kiri mu gikoni cyo kubungabunga ibidukikije, kandi hari umurongo uhuza hagati y'igice cy'itumanaho kiri mu gikoni cyo kubungabunga ibidukikije n'icyuma gipima amazi agaruka (Ishusho ya 4).

2.3 Ingaruka ku ikoreshwa

Ingaruka zo kuhira hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuhira amazi n'ifumbire mvaruganda ziterwa n'ubu buryo bwo gukurikirana zigereranywa n'izo kuhira zitangwa n'abatanga serivisi zonyine. Ugereranyije n'izi za nyuma, impuzandengo yo kuhira kuri buri gihingwa cy'inyanya hakoreshejwe ubu buryo bwo gukurikirana igabanukaho 8.7% ku munsi, kandi ingano y'amazi agaruka igabanukaho 18%, kandi agaciro ka EC k'amazi agaruka ni kamwe muri rusange, bigaragaza ko ibihingwa bikoresha intungamubiri nyinshi iyo ubu buryo bwo gukurikirana bukoreshwa mu kuhira hakurikijwe itegeko ryo kwinjiza intungamubiri ku bihingwa. Gukoresha ubu buryo bwo kuhira bufite ubwenge bishobora kugabanya ingano y'amazi yo kuhiraho 29% n'amazi agarukaho 53% ugereranije no kuhira ku gihe (Ishusho ya 5 ~ 6).

 

3. Sisitemu yo kugenzura ibidukikije ishingiye kuri IoT

Bitewe n'igikenewe cyo kugenzura neza uduce duto duto tw’urumuri mu nganda z’inganda, ikoranabuhanga rya fusion Internet of Things ryashyizweho kugira ngo rikemure ibibazo byo kubona uduce duto kandi dutandukanye no kugenzura neza ibidukikije by’urumuri rw’inganda. Sisitemu yo kugenzura amatara y’ubwenge mu ruganda ifata ibikoresho by’amatara bya LED nk’ibikoresho bitwara, kandi ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya WF-IOT big data fusion Internet of Things kugira ngo hubakwe umuyoboro munini w’amashanyarazi ufasha mu kubona, kohereza no kugenzura amakuru. Sisitemu ishobora gushyirwa mu matsinda hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu musaruro, kandi ubukana bw’urumuri rw’ibikoresho by’amatara y’inganda bushobora guhindurwa buri gihe mu gihe nyacyo hakurikijwe imiterere itandukanye y’urumuri n’ibikenewe mu mikurire y’inganda, kugira ngo harebwe neza ubukana bw’urumuri rw’inyongera n’ingano y’urumuri rw’inyongera (Ishusho ya 7). Binyuze mu muyoboro w’impande, gukusanya no kohereza amakuru y’ibyumviro nk’ibidukikije n’urumuri bishobora kugerwaho, kandi icyarimwe, kugenzura ikoreshwa ry’ingufu kuri interineti bishobora kugerwaho, kandi ikoreshwa ry’ingufu ry’urumuri rw’inyongera muri buri gace k’iterambere rishobora kugerwaho mu gihe nyacyo.

Ubu buryo bugenzura neza imicungire y’ibimera binyuze mu gukusanya amakuru y’ubugenzuzi bw’imbere mu butaka n’inyuma, kandi burangiza iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa bya "icyitegererezo cyo gucunga ibimera". Binyuze mu byuma bipima umuriro, CO2, gaze karemano n’amazi, ikusanyirizo ry’amakuru akurikirana "sisitemu y’ingufu" rirakorwa. Hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya robo rireba, binyuze mu makuru y’amabara y’imbuto, umubare w’imbuto, ingano y’igiti cy’imbuto, amababi, amashami n’ibindi, inzira yose y’amakuru ajyanye n’imikurire y’ibihingwa irakurikiranwa kandi ikamenyekana (Ishusho ya 8).

4.Agaciro ko kwamamaza

Sisitemu yo gukoresha no kubungabunga ubuhinzi mu buryo bw’ubwenge, ikoresha ibyiza byo gukoresha interineti mu nganda, ishoramari rimwe, ikoreshwa inshuro nyinshi, ikoresha igitekerezo cyo gusangira interineti mu nganda, iteza imbere iyubakwa rya interineti y’ibintu mu buhinzi ku giciro gito kandi gifite imikorere myiza, kandi ikongera urwego rw’ubuhinzi mu buryo bw’ubwenge n’ibidukikije. Dufashe urugero rw’umushinga ukoresha sisitemu yo mu Mujyi wa Laixi, Qingdao, igipimo cy’ikoreshwa ry’ifumbire gishobora kugera kuri 90%, bikubye gatatu ugereranyije n’ubuhinzi gakondo. Nta musaruro w’amazi mabi usohoka muri iki gikorwa cyose, ibyo bikagabanya amazi 95% ugereranije n’ubuhinzi mu murima kandi bikagabanya umwanda w’ifumbire ku butaka. Binyuze mu kugerageza gutahura CO2 mu busitani hakoreshejwe iyi sisitemu, ibintu bidukikije nk’ubushyuhe n’urumuri imbere no hanze yabwo bisesengura neza, kandi gutanga CO2 bigenzurwa mu gihe nyacyo, ibyo ntibihura gusa n’ibikenewe ku bimera, ahubwo binarinda imyanda, bikongera imbaraga mu gutunganya fotosite, byihutisha ubwinshi bwa karubohidrati, byongera umusaruro kuri buri gice kandi bikongera ubwiza bw’imboga. Uburyo bwose bwo gucunga imikorere n'imicungire y'ibikorwa bwakoresheje uburyo bwo kugenzura ibidukikije, gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bwikora kandi bunoze, kugabanya ikiguzi cy'ingufu ku kigero cya 10% n'ikiguzi cyo gukoresha mu ntoki ku kigero cya 60%, kandi icyarimwe, bushobora gukora ibikorwa byo kurinda nko gufunga idirishya ku nshuro ya mbere ikirere kibi nk'umuyaga mwinshi, imvura n'urubura, birinda kubura ibidukikije ubwabyo n'imyaka mu bubiko mu gihe habayeho ikirere kibi gitunguranye.

5.Umwanzuro

Iterambere rya none ry’ubuhinzi bw’inganda ntirishobora gutandukanywa n’umugisha w’uburyo bw’imicungire y’ubuhinzi bw’inganda. Uburyo bw’imicungire bw’inganda bujyanye n’ubwo ni bwo bwonyine bufite ubushobozi bwo kubona ibintu neza, gusesengura no gufata ibyemezo bushobora gukomeza gutera imbere mu nzira yo kuvugurura. Uburyo bw’imicungire y’inganda bw’ubuhinzi bw’inganda bugabanya cyane inenge z’imicungire y’ubukorano kandi bugateza imbere amakuru y’ubuhanga ku musaruro w’ubuhinzi, imicungire n’ibyemezo by’ingamba. Bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa n’uburyo buhoraho bwo kunoza ikoreshwa ry’uburyo, icyitegererezo cy’amakuru cyayo kigomba kuvugururwa no gusubirwamo buri gihe hashingiwe ku makuru menshi, kikarushaho kuba umunyabwenge, kandi kikanoza urwego rw’ubuhanga mu buhinzi bw’inganda bw’inganda.

IHEREZO

[amakuru ajyanye n'incamake]

Umwanditsi wa mbere Sha Bifeng, Zhang Zheng, n'abandi. Ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi bw'ibimera n'imbuto ku ikoranabuhanga 19 Mata 2024 10:47 Beijing