Umwanditsi: Yamin Li na Houcheng Liu, nibindi, bo muri College of Horticulture, kaminuza yubuhinzi yubushinwa

Ingingo Inkomoko: Ubuhinzi bwimboga

Ubwoko bwibikorwa byubuhinzi bwimbuto zirimo pariki ya pulasitike, pariki yizuba, pariki nyinshi, hamwe ninganda. Kuberako inyubako zububiko zibuza urumuri rusanzwe kurwego runaka, nta mucyo uhagije wo murugo, ibyo bikagabanya umusaruro wibihingwa nubwiza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, urumuri rwiyongera rufite uruhare runini mu bihingwa byujuje ubuziranenge kandi bitanga umusaruro mwinshi w’ikigo, ariko kandi byabaye ikintu gikomeye mu kongera ingufu zikoreshwa n’ingufu zikoreshwa muri icyo kigo.

Kumwanya muremure, urumuri rwubukorikori rukoreshwa mubijyanye nubuhinzi bwimbuto zirimo cyane cyane itara rya sodium yumuvuduko mwinshi, itara rya fluorescent, itara ryitwa halogen, itara ryaka, nibindi nibindi bibi bigaragara ni umusaruro mwinshi mwinshi, gukoresha ingufu nyinshi hamwe nigiciro kinini cyo gukora. Iterambere ryibisekuru bishya bitanga urumuri rwa diode (LED) bituma bishoboka gukoresha ingufu nkeya zituruka kumasoko yumucyo mubijyanye nimboga nimboga. LED ifite ibyiza byo guhinduranya ifoto yumuriro mwinshi, ingufu za DC, ingano nto, ubuzima burebure, gukoresha ingufu nke, uburebure bwumuraba uhoraho, imirasire yumuriro muke no kurengera ibidukikije. Ugereranije n’itara ryinshi rya sodium itara hamwe n itara rya fluorescent rikunze gukoreshwa muri iki gihe, LED ntishobora guhindura gusa ubwinshi bwumucyo nubwiza (igipimo cyurumuri rutandukanye) ukurikije ibikenerwa kugirango imikurire ikure, kandi irashobora kurasa ibimera kure cyane bitewe ku mucyo wacyo ukonje, Gutyo, umubare wibihingwa hamwe nigipimo cyo gukoresha umwanya urashobora kunozwa, kandi imirimo yo kuzigama ingufu, kurengera ibidukikije no gukoresha neza ikirere idashobora gusimburwa nisoko gakondo yumucyo irashobora kugerwaho.

Hashingiwe kuri izo nyungu, LED yakoreshejwe neza mu gucana imboga n’imboga, ubushakashatsi bwibanze bw’ibidukikije bishobora kugenzurwa, umuco w’ibimera, ingemwe z’uruganda n’ibimera byo mu kirere. Mu myaka yashize, imikorere ya LED ikura itara iratera imbere, igiciro kiragabanuka, kandi ubwoko bwibicuruzwa byose bifite uburebure bwihariye bwumurongo bigenda bitezwa imbere buhoro buhoro, bityo ikoreshwa ryabyo mubuhinzi n’ibinyabuzima rizaba ryagutse.

Iyi ngingo ivuga muri make uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na LED mu bijyanye n’ubuhinzi bw’imboga, bwibanda ku gushyira mu bikorwa urumuri rwiyongera rwa LED mu musingi w’ibinyabuzima, urumuri rwa LED rukura ku rumuri rw’ibimera, ubwiza bw’imirire n'ingaruka zo gutinda gusaza, kubaka no kubishyira mu bikorwa ya formula yumucyo, hamwe nisesengura nicyizere cyibibazo biriho hamwe nicyizere cya LED yongeyeho tekinoroji yumucyo.

Ingaruka yumucyo winyongera LED kumikurire yibihingwa byimbuto

Ingaruka zumucyo kumikurire no gukura harimo kumera kwimbuto, kurambura uruti, amababi niterambere ryumuzi, Phototropism, synthesis ya chlorophyll no kubora, no kwinjiza indabyo. Ibidukikije bimurika muri kiriya kigo birimo ubukana bwurumuri, uruziga rwumucyo no gukwirakwiza ibintu. Ibintu birashobora guhindurwa ninyongera yumucyo utarinze kugabanya ikirere.

Kugeza ubu, byibuze hari ubwoko butatu bwa fotorepteptor mu bimera: phytochrome (ikurura urumuri rutukura n’umucyo utukura cyane), cryptochrome (ikurura urumuri rwubururu kandi hafi yumucyo ultraviolet) na UV-A na UV-B. Gukoresha urumuri rwihariye rwumucyo kugirango uhindure ibihingwa birashobora kuzamura imikorere ya fotosintetike yibimera, kwihutisha morfogenezi yumucyo, no guteza imbere imikurire niterambere ryibimera. Itara ritukura rya orange (610 ~ 720 nm) hamwe nubururu bwa violet yubururu (400 ~ 510 nm) byakoreshejwe mumafoto yibihingwa. Ukoresheje tekinoroji ya LED, urumuri rwa monochromatique (nk'itara ritukura rifite impinga ya 660nm, itara ry'ubururu rifite impinga ya 450nm, n'ibindi) rishobora kumurika mu murongo uhuza umurongo ukomeye wa chlorophyll, kandi ubugari bwa domeni ni ± 20 nm gusa.

Kugeza ubu abantu bemeza ko urumuri rutukura-orange ruzihutisha cyane iterambere ry’ibimera, bigatera imbere kwegeranya ibintu byumye, gushinga amatara, ibirayi, ibibabi by’ibabi n’izindi ngingo z’ibimera, bitera ibimera kumera no kwera imbuto hakiri kare, no gukina uruhare runini mukuzamura ibara ryibimera; Itara ry'ubururu na violet rirashobora kugenzura Phototropism yamababi y ibihingwa, bigatera gufungura stomata no kugenda kwa chloroplast, bikabuza kuramba, kurinda ibihingwa kuramba, gutinda kurabya ibihingwa, no guteza imbere imikurire y’ibimera; ihuriro rya LED itukura nubururu irashobora kwishura urumuri rudahagije rwibara rimwe ryibiri kandi bigakora impinga yo kwinjiza ibintu cyane cyane bihuza na fotosintezeza yibihingwa na morphologie. Igipimo cyo gukoresha ingufu zoroheje gishobora kugera kuri 80% kugeza kuri 90%, kandi ingaruka zo kuzigama ingufu ni ngombwa.

Hifashishijwe amatara yinyongera ya LED mubuhinzi bwimbuto zirashobora kugera kubwiyongere bukomeye mubikorwa. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko umubare wimbuto, ibisohoka byose hamwe nuburemere bwa buri nyanya ya cheri munsi yumucyo wongeyeho wa 300 μ mol / (m² · s) imirongo ya LED hamwe numuyoboro wa LED kuri 12h (8: 00-20: 00) bigaragara cyane yiyongereye. Itara ryiyongera ryumurongo wa LED ryiyongereyeho 42,67%, 66.89% na 16.97%, naho urumuri rwiyongera rwumuyoboro wa LED rwiyongereyeho 48.91%, 94.86% na 30.86%. LED yongeramo urumuri rwa LED ikura urumuri mugihe cyose cyo gukura [igipimo cyurumuri rutukura nubururu ni 3: 2, naho ubukana bwurumuri ni 300 μ mol / (m² · s)] bishobora kongera ubwiza bwimbuto imwe numusaruro kuri buri gice cya chiehwa nigiterwa. Chikuquan yiyongereyeho 5.3% na 15,6%, naho ingemwe yiyongereyeho 7,6% na 7.8%. Binyuze mu mucyo wa LED hamwe nuburemere bwayo nigihe cyigihe cyose cyo gukura, ukwezi gukura kwibihingwa birashobora kugabanuka, umusaruro wubucuruzi, ubwiza bwimirire nagaciro ka morfologiya yibicuruzwa byubuhinzi birashobora kunozwa, kandi bikora neza, bizigama ingufu kandi umusaruro wubwenge wibihingwa byimbuto byimbuto birashobora kugerwaho.

Gukoresha LED yongeramo urumuri muguhinga ingemwe zimboga

Kugenga imiterere yimiterere yiterambere no gukura niterambere ryisoko rya LED ni tekinoroji yingenzi mubijyanye no guhinga pariki. Ibimera byo hejuru birashobora kumva no kwakira ibimenyetso byurumuri binyuze muri sisitemu yo gufotora nka phytochrome, cryptochrome, na Photoreceptor, kandi bigakora impinduka zijyanye na morfologiya binyuze mubutumwa bwo mu nda kugira ngo bugenzure ingirangingo n'ingingo. Photomorphogenez isobanura ko ibimera bishingiye ku mucyo kugira ngo bigenzure itandukaniro ry’utugingo, impinduka zishingiye ku miterere n’imikorere, ndetse no gushinga ingirangingo n’ingingo, harimo n’ingaruka ku kumera kwimbuto zimwe na zimwe, guteza imbere ubwiganze bwa apical, kubuza gukura kumera kuruhande, kurambura uruti. , na tropism.

Guhinga ingemwe z'imboga nigice cyingenzi mubuhinzi. Ikirere gikomeje kugwa kizatera urumuri rudahagije muri kiriya kigo, kandi ingemwe zikunda kuramba, bizagira ingaruka ku mikurire yimboga, gutandukanya indabyo no gukura kwimbuto, kandi amaherezo bizagira ingaruka ku musaruro no ku bwiza. Mu musaruro, bimwe bigenzura imikurire y’ibimera, nka gibberellin, auxin, paclobutrazol na chlormequat, bikoreshwa mu kugenzura imikurire y’ingemwe. Nyamara, gukoresha bidafite ishingiro kugenzura imikurire yikimera birashobora kwanduza byoroshye ibidukikije byimboga nibikoresho, ubuzima bwabantu bukaba bubi.

Itara ryiyongera rya LED rifite ibyiza byinshi byihariye byumucyo winyongera, kandi nuburyo bushoboka bwo gukoresha urumuri rwinyongera rwa LED kugirango uzamure ingemwe. Mu mucyo wongeyeho LED [25 ± 5 μ mol / (m² · s)] ubushakashatsi bwakozwe hifashishijwe urumuri ruto [0 ~ 35 μ mol / (m² · s)], byagaragaye ko urumuri rwatsi rutera kuramba no gukura kwa ingemwe z'imbuto. Itara ritukura nubururu bwubururu bibuza gukura kwingemwe. Ugereranije n’umucyo udakomeye, ingemwe zikomeye z’ingemwe zongerewe n’urumuri rutukura nubururu rwiyongereyeho 151.26% na 237,98%. Ugereranije nubwiza bwurumuri rwa monochromatique, indangagaciro yingemwe zikomeye zirimo ibice bitukura nubururu mugihe cyo kuvura urumuri rwunganira urumuri rwiyongereyeho 304.46%.

Ongeraho itara ritukura ku mbuto zimbuto zirashobora kongera umubare wamababi yukuri, ahantu h’ibabi, uburebure bwibiti, diameter yumuti, yumye kandi mushya, icyerekezo gikomeye cyingemwe, imbaraga zumuzi, ibikorwa bya SOD hamwe na proteine ​​zishonga zirimo ingemwe zimbuto. Kuzuza UV-B birashobora kongera ibirimo chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b na karotenoide mumababi yimbuto yimbuto. Ugereranije n’umucyo usanzwe, kuzuza urumuri rutukura nubururu LED rushobora kongera cyane ibibabi, ubwiza bwibintu byumye hamwe nigipimo gikomeye cyingemwe zingemwe zinyanya. Kuzuza urumuri rutukura LED numucyo wicyatsi byongera cyane uburebure nuburebure bwuruti rwingemwe zinyanya. LED icyatsi kibisi cyongera urumuri rushobora kongera cyane biomass yimbuto nimbuto zinyanya, kandi uburemere bushya kandi bwumye bwingemwe bwiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwurumuri rwicyatsi rwongera urumuri rwinshi, mugihe uruti runini hamwe nigipimo gikomeye cyingemwe zinyanya. ingemwe zose zikurikira urumuri rwatsi rwiyongera. Ubwiyongere bw'imbaraga buriyongera. Gukomatanya urumuri rutukura rwa LED nubururu rushobora kongera umubyimba wuruti, ahantu h’ibabi, uburemere bwumye bwikimera cyose, umuzi wo kurasa, hamwe nigipimo gikomeye cy ingemwe yimbuto. Ugereranije n’umucyo wera, urumuri rutukura rwa LED rushobora kongera biomass yingemwe za keleti kandi bigatera gukura kuramba no kwaguka kwamababi yingemwe. LED itara ry'ubururu ritera gukura kwinshi, kwegeranya ibintu byumye no kwerekana ingemwe zikomeye z'ingemwe z'imyumbati, kandi bigatuma ingemwe z'imyumbati ziba umwijima. Ibisubizo byavuzwe haruguru byerekana ko ibyiza by'ingemwe z'imboga bihingwa hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rigenga urumuri bigaragara cyane.

Ingaruka yumucyo winyongera LED kumirire yimbuto n'imboga

Poroteyine, isukari, aside kama na vitamine bikubiye mu mbuto n'imboga ni ibikoresho by'imirire bifitiye akamaro ubuzima bw'abantu. Ubwiza bwurumuri bushobora kugira ingaruka kuri VC mubimera muguhindura ibikorwa bya synthesis ya VC hamwe na enzyme yangirika, kandi irashobora kugenga protein metabolism hamwe no kwegeranya kwa karubone mu bimera byimbuto. Itara ritukura ritera kwirundanya kwa karubone, kuvura urumuri rwubururu ni ingirakamaro mu gukora poroteyine, mu gihe guhuza urumuri rutukura n’ubururu bishobora kuzamura imirire y’ibimera hejuru cyane ugereranije n’umucyo umwe.

Ongeraho itara ritukura cyangwa ubururu LED irashobora kugabanya nitrate muri salitusi, kongeramo urumuri rwubururu cyangwa icyatsi LED rushobora guteza imbere kwirundanya kwisukari ishonga muri salitusi, kandi kongeramo urumuri rwa LED rutanga infashanyo ya VC muri salitusi. Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko kuzuza urumuri rwubururu bishobora kuzamura VC hamwe na proteine ​​zishonga za tomato; itara ritukura nubururu butukura buvanze bishobora guteza isukari hamwe na aside mu mbuto zinyanya, kandi igipimo cyisukari na aside nicyo cyari kinini munsi yumucyo utukura wubururu; itara ry'ubururu ritukura rishobora guteza imbere VC yimbuto zimbuto.

Fenol, flavonoide, anthocyanine nibindi bintu mu mbuto n'imboga ntabwo bigira uruhare runini gusa ku ibara, uburyohe ndetse nigiciro cyibicuruzwa byimbuto n'imboga, ariko kandi bifite ibikorwa bya antioxydants karemano, kandi birashobora guhagarika neza cyangwa kuvanaho radicals yubusa mumubiri wumuntu.

Gukoresha urumuri rwubururu rwa LED kugirango wuzuze urumuri rushobora kongera cyane anthocyanine yuruhu rwibigori ku kigero cya 73,6%, mugihe ukoresheje urumuri rutukura rwa LED hamwe nurumuri rutukura nubururu bishobora kongera ibirimo flavonoide na fenolose. Itara ry'ubururu rishobora guteza imbere kwirundanya kwa lycopene, flavonoide na anthocyanine mu mbuto z'inyanya. Guhuza urumuri rutukura nubururu biteza imbere umusaruro wa anthocyanine kurwego runaka, ariko bikabuza synthesis ya flavonoide. Ugereranije no kuvura urumuri rwera, kuvura urumuri rutukura birashobora kongera cyane anthocyanine yibiti bya salitusi, ariko kuvura urumuri rwubururu bifite anthocyanine nkeya. Igiteranyo cya fenolike yibibabi byicyatsi, amababi yumutuku hamwe na salitike yamababi yumutuku byari hejuru munsi yumucyo wera, umutuku-ubururu uhujwe n’umucyo wubururu, ariko byari byo hasi cyane bivura urumuri rutukura. Kuzuza urumuri rwa ultraviolet LED cyangwa urumuri rwa orange birashobora kongera ibintu bya fenolike yibibabi bya salitusi, mugihe wongeyeho urumuri rwatsi rushobora kongera anthocyanine. Kubwibyo, gukoresha LED ikura urumuri nuburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura imirire yimbuto n'imboga mubuhinzi bwimbuto.

Ingaruka yumucyo winyongera LED kumurwanya wo gusaza kwibimera

Kwangirika kwa Chlorophyll, gutakaza proteine ​​byihuse hamwe na hydrolysis ya RNA mugihe cyibimera bigaragarira cyane nkibibabi. Chloroplasts yunvikana cyane nimpinduka zumucyo wo hanze, cyane cyane ziterwa nubwiza bwurumuri. Itara ritukura, itara ry'ubururu n'umucyo utukura-ubururu bifatanije bifasha chloroplast morphogenez, itara ry'ubururu rifasha kwegeranya ingano za krahisi muri chloroplasts, kandi, itara ritukura n'umucyo utukura cyane bigira ingaruka mbi ku mikurire ya chloroplast. Gukomatanya urumuri rwubururu numucyo utukura nubururu birashobora guteza imbere synthesis ya chlorophyll mumababi yingemwe zimbuto, kandi guhuza urumuri rutukura nubururu birashobora kandi gutinza kwiyongera kwibibabi bya chlorophyll mubyiciro byanyuma. Ingaruka zigaragara cyane hamwe no kugabanuka k'umucyo utukura no kwiyongera k'umucyo w'ubururu. Chlorophyll yibibabi byimbuto byimbuto munsi ya LED itukura nubururu hamwe no kuvura urumuri byari hejuru cyane ugereranije no kugenzura urumuri rwa fluorescent hamwe no kuvura urumuri rutukura nubururu. LED yubururu irashobora kongera cyane chlorophyll a / b agaciro ka Wutacai ningemwe za tungurusumu.

Mugihe cya senescence, hariho cytokinine (CTK), auxin (IAA), aside aside abcisic ihinduka (ABA) nimpinduka zitandukanye mubikorwa bya enzyme. Ibiri muri hormone yibimera bigira ingaruka byoroshye kubidukikije. Imico itandukanye yumucyo igira ingaruka zitandukanye mumisemburo yibimera, kandi intambwe yambere yinzira yerekana urumuri rwerekana inzira ya cytokinine.

CTK iteza imbere kwaguka kwingirangingo zamababi, ikazamura amababi ya fotosintezez, mugihe ibuza ibikorwa bya ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease na protease, ikanadindiza iyangirika rya acide nucleique, proteyine na chlorophyll, bityo birashobora gutinza cyane amababi yubusaza. Hariho imikoranire hagati yumucyo na CTK-yunganirwa niterambere ryiterambere, kandi urumuri rushobora gutera kwiyongera kurwego rwa endogenous cytokinin. Iyo uturemangingo twibimera tumeze neza, ibintu bya endogenous cytokinin bigabanuka.

IAA yibanda cyane mubice byo gukura gukomeye, kandi haribintu bike cyane mubice byashaje cyangwa ingingo. Urumuri rwa Violet rushobora kongera ibikorwa bya aside irike ya acide acide, kandi urugero rwa IAA rurashobora kubuza kurambura no gukura kw'ibimera.

ABA ikorwa cyane mubice byamababi ya senescent, imbuto zikuze, imbuto, uruti, imizi nibindi bice. ABA ibirimo imyumbati na keleti munsi yumucyo utukura nubururu biri munsi yumucyo wera nubururu bwubururu.

Peroxidase (POD), superoxide disutase (SOD), asorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) nibyingenzi kandi bitanga imisemburo ikingira ibimera. Niba ibimera bishaje, ibikorwa byiyi misemburo bizagabanuka vuba.

Imico itandukanye yumucyo igira ingaruka zikomeye kubikorwa bya antioxydeant yibimera. Nyuma yiminsi 9 yo kuvura itara ritukura, ibikorwa bya APX byingemwe zo gufata kungufu byiyongereye cyane, kandi ibikorwa bya POD byagabanutse. Igikorwa cya POD cyinyanya nyuma yiminsi 15 yumucyo utukura numucyo wubururu byari hejuru kurenza urumuri rwera kuri 20.9% na 11.7%. Nyuma yiminsi 20 yo kuvura urumuri rwatsi, ibikorwa bya POD byinyanya byari bike cyane, 55.4% yumucyo wera. Kuzuza urumuri rwubururu 4h birashobora kongera cyane intungamubiri za poroteyine zishonga, POD, SOD, APX, na CAT enzyme yibikorwa mumababi ya cucumber mugihe cyo gutera. Mubyongeyeho, ibikorwa bya SOD na APX bigenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro hamwe no kongera urumuri. Igikorwa cya SOD na APX munsi yumucyo wubururu nu itara ritukura rigabanuka buhoro ariko burigihe buri hejuru kurenza urumuri rwera. Imirasire yumucyo itukura yagabanije cyane ibikorwa bya peroxidase na IAA peroxidase yibibabi byinyanya na IAA peroxidase yamababi yindabyo, ariko bituma ibikorwa bya peroxidase yibibabi byindabyo byiyongera cyane. Kubwibyo, gufata ingamba zifatika zumucyo LED zishobora gutinza neza ubukure bwibihingwa byimbuto nimbuto kandi bikazamura umusaruro nubwiza.

Kubaka no gushyira mu bikorwa urumuri rwa LED

Imikurire niterambere ryibimera bigira ingaruka cyane kumiterere yumucyo no muburyo butandukanye. Inzira yumucyo ikubiyemo ibintu byinshi nkibipimo byubwiza bwumucyo, ubukana bwumucyo, nigihe cyumucyo. Kubera ko ibihingwa bitandukanye bifite ibisabwa bitandukanye kumucyo no gukura no gutera intambwe zitandukanye, guhuza neza ubwiza bwumucyo, ubukana bwumucyo nigihe cyo kongera urumuri birakenewe kubihingwa bihingwa.

 ◆Ikigereranyo cyumucyo

Ugereranije n’umucyo wera numucyo umwe utukura nubururu, guhuza urumuri rutukura nubururu LED bifite inyungu zuzuye kumikurire niterambere ryimbuto nimbuto.

Iyo igipimo cyumucyo utukura nubururu ari 8: 2, uburebure bwikimera, uburebure bwibimera, uburemere bwumye, uburemere bushya, ingemwe zikomeye zatewe, nibindi, byiyongera cyane, kandi bigira akamaro no gushiraho matrise ya chloroplast na basal lamella nibisohoka mubibazo bya assimilation.

Gukoresha uruvange rwumutuku, icyatsi nubururu kumurabyo wibishyimbo bitukura ni ingirakamaro mukwirundanya kwumye, kandi urumuri rwatsi rushobora guteza imbere ibintu byumye byegeranya ibishyimbo bitukura. Gukura kugaragara cyane iyo igipimo cyurumuri rutukura, icyatsi nubururu ni 6: 2: 1. Ingano y'ibishyimbo itukura imera imboga hypocotyl yo kuramba yari nziza cyane munsi yumucyo utukura nubururu bwa 8: 1, kandi kurambura ibishyimbo bitukura bitukura hypocotyl biragaragara ko byabujijwe munsi yumucyo utukura nubururu wa 6: 3, ariko proteine ​​zishonga ibirimo byari hejuru cyane.

Iyo ikigereranyo cyumucyo utukura nubururu ari 8: 1 kubiterwa bya loofah, igipimo gikomeye cyingemwe hamwe nisukari ishonga yibiti byingemwe ni byinshi. Iyo ukoresheje ubuziranenge bwumucyo ufite igereranyo cyurumuri rutukura nubururu rwa 6: 3, chlorophyll ibirimo, chlorophyll a / b, hamwe na proteine ​​zishonga ziboneka mu ngemwe za loofah byari hejuru cyane.

Iyo ukoresheje igipimo cya 3: 1 cyurumuri rutukura nubururu na seleri, birashobora guteza imbere ubwiyongere bwuburebure bwibihingwa bya seleri, uburebure bwa petiole, umubare wibabi, ubwiza bwibintu byumye, ibirimo VC, ibirimo poroteyine zishonga hamwe nisukari ikabura. Mu guhinga inyanya, kongera igipimo cyurumuri rwubururu rwa LED biteza imbere gukora lycopene, acide amine yubusa na flavonoide, kandi kongera urumuri rwumutuku bitera gukora acide titratable. Iyo urumuri rufite igipimo cyurumuri rutukura nubururu namababi ya salitusi ni 8: 1, bigira akamaro mukwirundanya kwa karotenoide, kandi bigabanya neza ibiri muri nitrate kandi byongera ibirimo VC.

 ◆Umucyo mwinshi

Ibimera bikura munsi yumucyo udakunze kwibasirwa no gufotora kuruta munsi yumucyo ukomeye. Igipimo cya net fotosintetike yingemwe zinyanya ziyongera hamwe no kwiyongera k'umucyo [50, 150, 200, 300, 450, 550μmol / (m² · s)], byerekana icyerekezo cyo kubanza kwiyongera hanyuma kigabanuka, no kuri 300μmol / (m² · S) kugera kuri byinshi. Uburebure bw'igihingwa, agace k'ibabi, amazi arimo na VC ya salitusi yiyongereye cyane munsi ya 150μmol / (m² · s) ivura ubukana bwurumuri. Munsi ya 200μmol / (m² · s) ivura ubukana bwumucyo, uburemere bushya, uburemere bwuzuye hamwe nibirimo aside aside amine yubusa byariyongereye cyane, kandi mugihe cyo kuvura 300μmol / (m² · s) ubukana bwumucyo, ikibabi, amazi arimo , chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a + b na karotenoide ya salitusi byose byagabanutse. Ugereranije n'umwijima, hamwe no kwiyongera kwa LED gukura ubukana bwurumuri [3, 9, 15 μ mol / (m² · s)], ibirimo chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, na chlorophyll a + b by ibishyimbo byirabura byiyongereye cyane. Ibiri muri VC ni byo hejuru kuri 3μmol / (m² · s), kandi poroteyine zishonga, isukari zishonga hamwe na sucrose nibiri hejuru ya 9μmol / (m² · s). Mubihe bimwe byubushyuhe, hamwe no kwiyongera k'umucyo [(2 ~ 2.5) lx × 103 lx, (4 ~ 4.5) lx × 103 lx, (6 ~ 6.5) lx × 103 lx], igihe cyo gutera ingemwe z'urusenda; ni ngufi, ibirimo isukari ishonga byiyongereye, ariko ibirimo chlorophyll a na karotenoide byagabanutse buhoro buhoro.

 ◆Igihe cyoroheje

Kongera igihe cyumucyo neza birashobora kugabanya umuvuduko muke uterwa nubushyuhe bwumucyo udahagije kurwego runaka, bigafasha kwegeranya ibicuruzwa bya fotosintetike yibihingwa byimbuto, kandi bikagera ku ngaruka zo kongera umusaruro no kuzamura ireme. VC yibimera bimaze kwerekana buhoro buhoro kwiyongera hamwe nigihe kinini cyumucyo (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20h / kumunsi), mugihe ibirimo aside amine yubusa, ibikorwa bya SOD na CAT byose byagaragaje kugabanuka. Hamwe nigihe kinini cyumucyo (12, 15, 18h), uburemere bushya bwibiti byimyumbati byabashinwa byiyongereye cyane. Ibiri muri VC mu bibabi no mu gihuru by'imyumbati yo mu Bushinwa byari hejuru cyane kuri 15 na 12h. Intungamubiri za poroteyine ziboneka mu mababi y’imyumbati yo mu Bushinwa yagabanutse buhoro buhoro, ariko amahwa yari menshi cyane nyuma ya 15h. Isukari ishonga yibibabi byabashinwa byiyongera buhoro buhoro, mugihe ibishishwa byari hejuru kuri 12h. Iyo igipimo cyurumuri rutukura nubururu ari 1: 2, ugereranije nigihe cya 12h cyumucyo, 20h kuvura urumuri bigabanya ugereranije nibintu bya fenolose hamwe na flavonoide muri salitike yicyatsi kibisi, ariko iyo igipimo cyurumuri rutukura nubururu ari 2: 1, kuvura urumuri rwa 20h byongereye cyane ugereranije nibintu bya fenolose hamwe na flavonoide muri salitike yicyatsi kibisi.

Duhereye ku bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, birashobora kugaragara ko urumuri rutandukanye rufite ingaruka zitandukanye kuri fotosintezeza, Photomorphogenez na karubone na azote metabolism yubwoko butandukanye bwibihingwa. Nigute ushobora kubona urumuri rwiza, iboneza ryumucyo no gushyiraho ingamba zo kugenzura ubwenge bisaba amoko y’ibimera nkintangiriro, kandi, bigomba guhinduka hakurikijwe ibicuruzwa bikenerwa n’ibihingwa by’indabyo, intego z’umusaruro, ibintu bitanga umusaruro, nibindi, nibindi, kugira ngo tugere ku ntego yo kugenzura neza ibidukikije by’umucyo n’ibihingwa by’indabyo byujuje ubuziranenge kandi bitanga umusaruro mwinshi mu gihe cyo kuzigama ingufu.

Ibibazo biriho hamwe nicyizere

Inyungu igaragara ya LED ikura urumuri ni uko rushobora guhindura ibitekerezo byubwenge ukurikije icyerekezo gikenera imiterere ya fotosintetike, morphologie, ubwiza numusaruro wibiti bitandukanye. Ubwoko butandukanye bwibihingwa nibihe bitandukanye byikura ryigihingwa kimwe byose bifite ibisabwa bitandukanye kumiterere yumucyo, ubukana bwumucyo na Photoperiod. Ibi bisaba kurushaho gutera imbere no kunoza ubushakashatsi bwumucyo kugirango habeho ububiko bunini bwumucyo. Ufatanije nubushakashatsi niterambere ryamatara yumwuga, agaciro ntarengwa k’amatara yinyongera ya LED mubikorwa byubuhinzi birashobora kugerwaho, kugirango ubashe kuzigama ingufu, kuzamura umusaruro n’inyungu zubukungu. Ikoreshwa rya LED rikura urumuri mubuhinzi bwimbuto bwimbuto rwerekanye imbaraga, ariko igiciro cyibikoresho byo kumurika LED cyangwa ibikoresho biri hejuru cyane, kandi ishoramari rimwe ni rinini. Ibicuruzwa byongeweho urumuri rwibiti bitandukanye mubihe bidukikije ntibisobanutse neza, urumuri rwongeweho urumuri, Imbaraga zidafite ishingiro nigihe cyumucyo wo gukura byanze bikunze bizatera ibibazo bitandukanye mugukoresha inganda zimurika.

Ariko, hamwe niterambere no kunoza ikoranabuhanga no kugabanya igiciro cyumusaruro wa LED ukura urumuri, amatara yinyongera ya LED azakoreshwa cyane mubuhinzi bwimbuto. Muri icyo gihe kandi, iterambere n’iterambere rya sisitemu y’ikoranabuhanga ryiyongera rya LED hamwe n’ingufu z’ingufu nshya bizafasha iterambere ryihuse ry’ubuhinzi bw’ibikoresho, ubuhinzi bw’imiryango, ubuhinzi bwo mu mijyi n’ubuhinzi bwo mu kirere kugira ngo abantu babone ibihingwa by’indabyo mu bidukikije bidasanzwe.