Umwanditsi: Jing Zhao ， Zengchan Zhou ， Yunlong Bu, nibindi.Inkomoko y'Itangazamakuru Technology Ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi (ubuhinzi bw'imboga)

Uruganda rw’uruganda rukomatanya inganda zigezweho, ibinyabuzima, hydroponique nintungamubiri n’ikoranabuhanga mu gushyira mu bikorwa neza kugenzura ibidukikije ku kigo.Ifunze byuzuye, ifite ibisabwa bike kubidukikije bikikije, bigabanya igihe cyo gusarura ibihingwa, ikiza amazi n’ifumbire, kandi hamwe nibyiza byo gutanga imiti yica udukoko kandi nta gusohora imyanda, gukoresha neza ubutaka ni inshuro 40 kugeza 108 zibyo cy'umusaruro ufunguye.Muri byo, urumuri rw’ubwenge rufite ubwenge hamwe n’ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije bigira uruhare runini mu gukora neza.

Nkibintu byingenzi bidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, urumuri rufite uruhare runini muguhuza imikurire yibihingwa no guhinduranya ibintu.“Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize uruganda rw’uruganda ni isoko yuzuye y’umucyo no gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza y’ubwenge y’ibidukikije” byabaye ubwumvikane rusange mu nganda.

Ibimera bikenera urumuri

Umucyo nisoko yonyine yingufu za fotosintezeza.Imbaraga z'umucyo, ubwiza bwurumuri (spekiteri) hamwe nihinduka ryumucyo bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikurire niterambere ryibihingwa, muribwo ubukana bwurumuri bugira ingaruka zikomeye kumafoto yibihingwa.

■ Umucyo mwinshi

Ubwinshi bwurumuri burashobora guhindura morphologie yibihingwa, nkururabyo, uburebure bwa internode, uburebure bwuruti, nubunini bwibabi nubunini.Ibisabwa ku bimera kugirango ubukana bwumucyo birashobora kugabanywamo ibiti bikunda umucyo, bikunda urumuri-ruciriritse, n’ibiti byihanganira urumuri.Imboga ahanini ni ibihingwa bikunda urumuri, kandi ingingo zabyo zishyurwa n’umucyo ni mwinshi.Mu nganda zikora ibihingwa byoroheje, ibisabwa bijyanye nibihingwa kugirango ubukana bwumucyo ni ishingiro ryingenzi ryo guhitamo inkomoko yumucyo.Gusobanukirwa urumuri rusabwa kubihingwa bitandukanye nibyingenzi mugushushanya amasoko yumucyo, Birakenewe cyane kunoza imikorere ya sisitemu.

■ Ubwiza bworoshye

Ikwirakwizwa ryumucyo (spectral) naryo rifite uruhare runini kumafoto yibihingwa na morfogenezi (Ishusho 1).Umucyo ni igice cyimirasire, naho imirasire ni umuyagankuba.Imirasire ya electromagnetique ifite ibiranga umuraba hamwe na kwant (ibice) biranga.Ubwinshi bwumucyo bwitwa Photon murwego rwimbuto.Imirasire ifite uburebure bwa 300 ~ 800nm ​​bita imirasire ikora yibimera;n'imirasire ifite uburebure bwa 400 ~ 700nm byitwa imirasire ifotora (PAR) yibimera.

Chlorophyll na karotene nibintu bibiri byingenzi muri fotosintezeza yibimera.Igishushanyo cya 2 cyerekana uburyo bwo kwinjiza ibintu kuri buri pigment ya fotosintetike, aho chlorophyll yakira yibanda cyane mumituku itukura nubururu.Sisitemu yo kumurika ishingiye kubikenerwa by ibihingwa kugirango hongerwe urumuri mu buryo bwa artile, kugirango biteze imbere fotosintezeza yibimera.

Photoperiod
Isano iri hagati ya fotosintezeza na Photomorphogenezi yibimera nuburebure bwumunsi (cyangwa igihe cya Photoperiod) byitwa Photoperiodity yibimera.Photoperiodity ifitanye isano rya bugufi namasaha yumucyo, bivuga igihe igihingwa kimurikirwa numucyo.Ibihingwa bitandukanye bisaba amasaha runaka yumucyo kugirango wuzuze fotoperiod kugirango ube kandi yera imbuto.Ukurikije amafoto atandukanye, arashobora kugabanywamo ibihingwa byigihe kirekire, nka cabage, nibindi, bisaba amasaha arenga 12-14h yumucyo mugihe runaka cyo gukura;ibihingwa byigihe gito, nkigitunguru, soya, nibindi, bisaba amasaha atarenze 12-14h Kumurika;ibihingwa byizuba-izuba, nkimbuto, inyanya, urusenda, nibindi, birashobora kumera no kwera imbuto munsi yizuba rirerire cyangwa rigufi.
Mubintu bitatu byibidukikije, ubukana bwurumuri nurufatiro rwingenzi rwo guhitamo inkomoko yumucyo.Kugeza ubu, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kwerekana ubukana bwurumuri, cyane cyane harimo bitatu bikurikira.
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（2 radiation Imirasire ikora ifotora, PAR ， Igice ： W / m²。

. bifitanye isano itaziguye na fotosintezeza.Nicyo kimenyetso gikunze gukoreshwa cyane cyerekana urumuri rwinshi mubikorwa byo gutunganya ibihingwa.

Isesengura ryumucyo risanzwe ryumucyo wongeyeho
Ibikoresho byongeweho urumuri ni ukongera urumuri mumwanya ugenewe cyangwa kongera igihe cyumucyo ushyiraho urumuri rwiyongera kugirango urumuri rwibimera rukenewe.Muri rusange, sisitemu yumucyo yinyongera ikubiyemo ibikoresho byumucyo byiyongera, imirongo hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura.Amashanyarazi yinyongera arimo ubwoko bwinshi busanzwe nkamatara yaka, amatara ya fluorescent, amatara ya halide, amatara ya sodium yumuvuduko mwinshi na LED.Bitewe nubushobozi buke bwamashanyarazi na optique yamatara yaka, ingufu za fotosintezitike nkeya hamwe nandi makosa, yakuweho nisoko, iyi ngingo rero ntabwo ikora isesengura rirambuye.

Itara Itara rya Fluorescent
Amatara ya Fluorescent ni ubwoko bwamatara asohora gaze.Umuyoboro wikirahure wuzuyemo imyuka ya mercure cyangwa gaze ya inert, kandi urukuta rwimbere rwigitereko rusize ifu ya fluorescent.Ibara ryoroheje riratandukanye nibikoresho bya fluorescent bitwikiriye muri tube.Amatara ya Fluorescent afite imikorere myiza yikigereranyo, gukora cyane kumurika, imbaraga nke, kuramba (12000h) ugereranije namatara yaka, kandi ugereranije nigiciro gito.Kubera ko itara rya fluorescent ubwaryo risohora ubushyuhe buke, rirashobora kuba hafi yibihingwa byo kumurika kandi bikwiriye guhingwa-bitatu.Nyamara, imiterere yerekana itara rya fluorescent ntabwo ryumvikana.Uburyo bukunze kugaragara ku isi ni ukongeramo urumuri kugirango hongerwe imbaraga zituruka ku mucyo uturuka ku bihingwa mu buhinzi.Isosiyete y'Abayapani adv-agri nayo yateje imbere ubwoko bushya bw'umucyo wongeyeho HEFL.HEFL mubyukuri iri mubyiciro byamatara ya fluorescent.Nijambo rusange kumatara akonje ya cathode fluorescent (CCFL) n'amatara yo hanze ya electrode fluorescent (EEFL), kandi ni itara rivanze na electrode fluorescent.Umuyoboro wa HEFL ni muto cyane, ufite diameter ya 4mm gusa, kandi uburebure burashobora guhinduka kuva kuri 450mm kugeza 1200mm ukurikije ibikenerwa guhingwa.Nuburyo bwiza bwamatara asanzwe ya fluorescent.

Itara Itara rya halide
Itara rya halide ni itara ryinshi cyane rishobora gusohora ibintu bitandukanye kugirango bitange uburebure butandukanye bwongewemo ibyuma bitandukanye (tin bromide, sodium iodide, nibindi) mumiyoboro isohoka hashingiwe kumatara ya mercure yumuvuduko mwinshi.Amatara ya Halogen afite urumuri rwinshi, imbaraga nyinshi, ibara ryiza ryumucyo, kuramba, hamwe nubunini bunini.Nyamara, kubera ko imikorere ya luminous iri munsi yaya matara ya sodium yumuvuduko ukabije, kandi ubuzima buragufi kuruta ubw'amatara ya sodium yumuvuduko ukabije, kuri ubu bukoreshwa gusa munganda nkeya.

Itara ryumuvuduko mwinshi sodium itara
Amatara ya sodium yumuvuduko mwinshi ni mubwoko bwamatara asohora gaze.Itara rya sodium yumuvuduko mwinshi ni itara rikora neza cyane aho umwuka wumuvuduko mwinshi wa sodium wujujwe mumiyoboro isohoka, hanyuma hongerwamo bike bya xenon (Xe) hamwe nicyuma cya mercure.Kubera ko amatara ya sodium yumuvuduko mwinshi afite imbaraga zo guhindura amashanyarazi hamwe nigiciro gito cyo gukora, amatara ya sodium yumuvuduko mwinshi niyo akoreshwa cyane mugukoresha urumuri rwiyongera mubigo byubuhinzi.Ariko, kubera ibitagenda neza bya fotosintezitike ikora neza murwego rwabo, bafite inenge zingufu nke.Ku rundi ruhande, ibice byerekana ibintu bitangwa n'amatara ya sodium yumuvuduko ukabije byibanda cyane kumurongo wumuhondo-orange urumuri, rukabura ibara ritukura nubururu rikenewe kugirango imikurire ikure.

Ode Urumuri rusohora diode
Nkibisekuru bishya byamasoko yumucyo, diode itanga urumuri (LEDs) bifite ibyiza byinshi nkibikorwa byo hejuru bya electro-optique ihindura imikorere, ibintu bishobora guhinduka, hamwe nubushobozi buke bwamafoto.LED irashobora gusohora urumuri rumwe rukenewe kugirango imikurire ikure.Ugereranije n'amatara asanzwe ya fluorescent hamwe nandi masoko yinyongera yumucyo, LED ifite ibyiza byo kuzigama ingufu, kurengera ibidukikije, kuramba, urumuri rumwe, urumuri rukonje nibindi.Hamwe no kurushaho kunoza imikorere ya electro-optique ya LED no kugabanya ibiciro byatewe ningaruka zingana, sisitemu yo kumurika LED izahinduka ibikoresho nyamukuru byo kuzuza urumuri mubuhinzi.Kubera iyo mpamvu, amatara yo gukura LED yakoreshejwe hejuru yinganda 99.9%.

Mugereranije, ibiranga amasoko yinyongera yinyongera arashobora kumvikana neza, nkuko bigaragara mumbonerahamwe 1.

Igikoresho cyo kumurika kuri terefone
Ubwinshi bwurumuri bufitanye isano rya hafi no gukura kwibihingwa.Guhinga-bitatu-bikoreshwa kenshi muruganda rwibimera.Ariko rero, kubera kugabanuka kwimiterere yibihingwa, gukwirakwiza kutaringaniye kumucyo nubushyuhe hagati yibi biti bizagira ingaruka kumusaruro wibihingwa kandi igihe cyo gusarura ntikizahuzwa.Isosiyete i Beijing yateguye neza igikoresho cyo guterura intoki (HPS yamashanyarazi na LED ikura amatara) mu mwaka wa 2010. Ihame ni uguhinduranya shitingi ya moteri hamwe n umuyaga wabishyizeho kugirango uzunguze ikiganza kugirango uzunguruke ruto rwa firime. kugirango ugere ku ntego yo gusubira inyuma no kudashaka umugozi winsinga.Umugozi winsinga wumucyo ukura uhujwe nuruziga ruzunguruka rwa lift binyuze mumirongo myinshi yibiziga bisubira inyuma, kugirango bigere ku ngaruka zo guhindura uburebure bwurumuri rukura.Muri 2017, isosiyete yavuzwe haruguru yateguye kandi itegura igikoresho gishya cyongera urumuri rugendanwa, rushobora guhita ruhindura uburebure bwiyongera bwumucyo mugihe nyacyo ukurikije ibikenerwa byo gukura.Igikoresho cyo guhindura ubu cyashyizwe kumurongo wa 3-yumucyo wo guterura ubwoko butatu-bwo guhinga.Igice cyo hejuru cyibikoresho ni urwego rufite urumuri rwiza, bityo rukaba rufite amatara ya sodium yumuvuduko mwinshi;urwego rwagati hamwe nu gice cyo hasi gifite ibikoresho bya LED bikura hamwe na sisitemu yo kuzamura.Irashobora guhita ihindura uburebure bwurumuri rwo gukura kugirango itange urumuri rukwiye kubihingwa.

Ugereranije nigikoresho cyongeweho urumuri rugendanwa rugenewe guhingwa-bipimo bitatu, Ubuholandi bwateje imbere LED igenda itambuka ikura urumuri rwongera urumuri.Kugirango wirinde ingaruka zigicucu cyumucyo ukura kumikurire yibimera ku zuba, sisitemu yumucyo ikura irashobora gusunikwa kumpande zombi zinyuguti zinyuze kumurongo wa telesikopi mu cyerekezo gitambitse, kugirango izuba ryuzuye irasa ku bimera;kuminsi yibicu nimvura idafite urumuri rwizuba, Shyira kumurongo wumucyo ukura hagati yigitereko kugirango urumuri rwumucyo rukura rwuzuze ibimera;kwimura urumuri rukura rutambitse unyuze kumurongo kuruhande, irinde gusenya kenshi no gukuraho sisitemu yumucyo ukura, kandi ugabanye imbaraga zumurimo w'abakozi, bityo uzamure neza imikorere.

Gushushanya ibitekerezo bisanzwe bikura sisitemu yumucyo
Ntabwo bigoye kubona uhereye ku gishushanyo mbonera cy’ibikoresho byongera amatara bigendanwa ko igishushanyo cya sisitemu yinyongera y’uruganda rw’uruganda ubusanzwe ifata ubukana bwurumuri, ubwiza bwumucyo hamwe na fotoperiod yibihe bitandukanye byikura ryibihingwa nkibiri shingiro ryibishushanyo , kwishingikiriza kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura ubwenge kugirango ishyire mubikorwa, kugera ku ntego nyamukuru yo kuzigama ingufu n'umusaruro mwinshi.

Kugeza ubu, igishushanyo mbonera no kubaka urumuri rwiyongera ku mboga rwamababi rwagiye rukura buhoro buhoro.Kurugero, imboga zibabi zirashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bine: icyiciro cyo gutera, gukura hagati, gukura-gutinda, nicyiciro cyanyuma;imbuto-imboga zirashobora kugabanywa mu cyiciro cyo gutera, icyiciro cyo gukura kw'ibimera, icyiciro cy'indabyo, n'icyiciro cyo gusarura.Uhereye kubiranga ubukana bwurumuri rwiyongera, ubukana bwurumuri murwego rwo gutera bigomba kuba munsi gato, kuri 60 ~ 200 μ mol / (m² · s), hanyuma bikiyongera buhoro buhoro.Imboga zifite amababi zirashobora kugera kuri 100 ~ 200 μ mol / (m² · s), kandi imboga zimbuto zirashobora kugera kuri 300 ~ 500 μ mol / (m² · s) kugirango harebwe ubukana bwumucyo wa fotosintezeza yibihingwa muri buri gihe cyikura kandi byuzuze ibikenewe. umusaruro mwinshi;Kubijyanye nubwiza bwurumuri, igipimo cyumutuku nubururu ni ngombwa cyane.Mu rwego rwo kongera ubwiza bw’ingemwe no kwirinda gukura gukabije mu cyiciro cy’ingemwe, igipimo cy’umutuku n’ubururu gishyirwa ku rwego rwo hasi [(1 ~ 2): 1], hanyuma kigabanuka buhoro buhoro kugira ngo gikemure ibihingwa. urumuri rworoheje.Ikigereranyo cyumutuku nubururu nimboga zibabi zirashobora gushirwa kuri (3 ~ 6): 1.Kuri Photoperiod, isa nuburemere bwurumuri, igomba kwerekana inzira yo kwiyongera hamwe no kwagura igihe cyikura, kugirango imboga zibabi zigire igihe kinini cyamafoto ya fotosintezeza.Igishushanyo mbonera cyimbuto n'imboga bizaba bigoye.Usibye amategeko shingiro yavuzwe haruguru, dukwiye kwibanda kumiterere ya fotoperiod mugihe cyindabyo, kandi indabyo nimbuto byimboga bigomba gutezwa imbere, kugirango bidasubira inyuma.

Birakwiye ko tuvuga ko urumuri rwumucyo rugomba gushyiramo imiti yanyuma yo kubungabunga ibidukikije.Kurugero, urumuri rwuzuye rushobora kuzamura cyane umusaruro nubwiza bwingemwe zimboga za hydroponique hydroponique, cyangwa gukoresha imiti ya UV kugirango utezimbere cyane imimboga nimboga rwamababi (cyane cyane amababi yumutuku na salitusi yumutuku) ubuziranenge bwimirire.

Usibye guhitamo inyongeramusaruro yumucyo kubihingwa byatoranijwe, sisitemu yo kugenzura urumuri rwinganda zimwe na zimwe zikora ibihingwa byoroheje nabyo byateye imbere byihuse mumyaka yashize.Sisitemu yo kugenzura muri rusange ishingiye ku miterere ya B / S.Kugenzura kure no kugenzura byikora ibintu bidukikije nkubushyuhe, ubushuhe, urumuri, hamwe na CO2 mugihe cyo gukura kwibihingwa bigerwaho binyuze muri WIFI, kandi mugihe kimwe, uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro butabujijwe nubuzima bwo hanze buragerwaho.Ubu bwoko bwubwenge bwiyongera bwumucyo bukoresha LED ikura urumuri nkisoko yinyongera yumucyo, ifatanije na sisitemu yo kurebera kure yubwenge, irashobora guhaza ibikenerwa kumurika ibimera, bikwiranye cyane n’ibidukikije bigenzurwa n’umucyo, kandi birashobora guhaza isoko ku isoko. .

Ijambo risoza
Inganda z’ibihingwa zifatwa nkinzira yingenzi yo gukemura umutungo wisi, abaturage n’ibibazo by’ibidukikije mu kinyejana cya 21, ninzira yingenzi yo kugera ku kwihaza mu biribwa mu mishinga y’ikoranabuhanga rizaza.Nubwoko bushya bwuburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro ubuhinzi, inganda z ibihingwa ziracyari mubyiciro byo kwiga no gukura, kandi birakenewe kwitabwaho nubushakashatsi.Iyi ngingo isobanura ibiranga nibyiza byuburyo busanzwe bwo kumurika mu nganda z’ibimera, ikanatangiza ibitekerezo byo gushushanya uburyo busanzwe bwo kumurika ibihingwa.Ntabwo bigoye kubibona ukoresheje igereranya, kugirango uhangane n’umucyo muke uterwa nikirere gikaze nk'igicu gihoraho kandi gihu ndetse no gutanga umusaruro mwinshi kandi uhamye w’ibihingwa ngandurarugo, ibikoresho bya LED Grow bitanga ibikoresho byinshi bijyanye niterambere rigezweho. inzira.

Icyerekezo cyiterambere cyigihe kizaza cyinganda zigomba kwibanda kubintu bishya bihanitse-byuzuye, ibyuma bidahenze, ibyuma bigenzurwa kure, bishobora kugenzurwa na sisitemu yo gucana amatara hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura abahanga.Muri icyo gihe, inganda zigihe kizaza zizakomeza gutera imbere zihenze, zifite ubwenge, kandi zimenyera.Gukoresha no kumenyekanisha LED bikura bitanga urumuri bitanga ingwate yo kugenzura neza ibidukikije ku nganda z’ibihingwa.LED urumuri rwibidukikije ni inzira igoye ikubiyemo kugenzura neza ubuziranenge bwurumuri, ubukana bwurumuri, na fotoperiod.Impuguke nintiti zibishinzwe zikeneye gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, ziteza imbere urumuri rwiyongera rwa LED mu nganda zikora ibihingwa byoroheje.