umwimerere Zhang Zhuoyan Greenhouse Horticulture Ubuhinzi bwubuhinzi 2022-09-09 17:20 Byoherejwe i Beijing

Ubwoko rusange bwa pariki nibiranga guhinga imbuto

Imbuto zisarurwa umwaka wose mu majyaruguru yUbushinwa kandi bisaba guhinga pariki.Nyamara, ibibazo bitandukanye byagaragaye mubikorwa nyirizina byo gutera hakoreshejwe ubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho nka parike yizuba, pariki nyinshi, hamwe na parike ya firime.

01 Filime Greenhouse

Ibyiza byo guhinga imbuto muri pariki ya firime ni uko hari imyuka ine ihumeka ku mpande zombi no hejuru ya pariki, buri kimwe gifite ubugari bwa 50-80cm, kandi ingaruka zo guhumeka ni nziza.Ariko, kubera ko bitoroshye kongeramo ibikoresho byo gutwika ubushyuhe nkuburiri, ingaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe ni mbi.Ubushyuhe bwo hasi cyane nijoro mu gihe cy'itumba ryo mu majyaruguru ni -9 ° C, naho ubushyuhe bwo hagati muri parike ya firime ni -8 ° C.Imbuto ntishobora guhingwa mu gihe cy'itumba.

02 Imirasire y'izuba

Ibyiza byo guhinga imbuto muri pariki yizuba ni uko iyo ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwo mwijoro nijoro mu majyaruguru yubukonje ari -9 ° C, ubushyuhe buringaniye muri parike yizuba bushobora kugera kuri 8 ° C.Nyamara, urukuta rwubutaka bwa parike yizuba biganisha ku gipimo gito cyo gukoresha ubutaka.Muri icyo gihe, hari imyuka ibiri yo guhumeka kuruhande rwamajyepfo no hejuru ya parike yizuba, buri kimwe gifite ubugari bwa 50-80cm, kandi ingaruka zo guhumeka ntabwo ari nziza.

03 Icyatsi kibisi

Ibyiza byo guhinga imbuto muri parike ya parike ya parike ni uko inyubako ya pariki ya parike itagizwe nubutaka bwiyongereye, kandi imikoreshereze yubutaka ni myinshi.Hano haribintu umunani byafunguye guhumeka kumpande enye no hejuru ya parike nyinshi (fata 30m × 30m pariki ya parike nini cyane).Ingaruka zo guhumeka ziremewe.Nyamara, iyo ubushyuhe buke buri munsi nijoro mu majyaruguru yubukonje ni -9 ° C, ubushyuhe buringaniye muri parike ya parike ya parike ni -7 ° C.Mu gihe c'itumba, gukoresha ingufu za buri munsi kugirango ubushyuhe buke bwo mu nzu bugere kuri 15 ° C kugirango imikurire isanzwe ishobora kugera kuri 340 kW • h / 667m².

Kuva muri 2018 kugeza 2022, itsinda ryumwanditsi ryagerageje kandi rigereranya ingaruka zikoreshwa muri parike ya firime, pariki yizuba hamwe nicyatsi kibisi.Muri icyo gihe, pariki yubwenge ikwiriye guhingwa imbuto zateguwe kandi zubatswe muburyo bugenewe.

Kugereranya ibintu nyamukuru biranga pariki zitandukanye

Inzu ya firime, parike yizuba hamwe nicyatsi kibisi

Icyatsi kibiri-cyatsi kibisi

Hashingiwe kuri pariki zisanzwe, itsinda ryumwanditsi ryashizeho kandi ryubaka pariki ebyiri-yo guhinga imbuto, kandi ikora igerageza ryikigereranyo hamwe ninkwavu.Ibisubizo byerekanye ko pariki nshya itangiza ibidukikije bikura bikwiranye no gutera imbuto, kandi bigahindura uburyohe nibitunga intungamubiri.

Kugereranya imbuto Intungamubiri

Icyatsi kibisi kabiri

Ikiraro cya parike ebyiri ni ubwoko bushya bwa pariki ifite ingaruka zo guhumeka, ingaruka zumucyo nigipimo cyimikoreshereze yubutaka bikwiriye guhingwa imbuto.Ibipimo byubatswe byerekanwe kumeza ikurikira.

Ibice bibiri bya parike ya parike / mm

Ibice bibiri byububiko bwa parike

Uburebure bwimbuto bwimbuto butandukanye nuburebure bwo gutera imboga gakondo.Ubwoko bwa raspberry bwahinzwe burashobora kugera kuri 2m.Kuruhande rwo hepfo ya parike, ibihingwa byimbuto bizaba birebire cyane kandi bimeneka muri firime.Gukura kwimbuto bisaba urumuri rukomeye (imirasire yizuba 400 ~ 800 yumuriro (10)⁴W / m²).Birashobora kugaragara kuva kumeza hepfo ko igihe kirekire cyumucyo nubushyuhe bwumucyo mwinshi mugihe cyizuba nta ngaruka nke bigira ku mbuto, naho mu itumba ubukana buke bwumucyo nigihe gito cyumucyo byatumye umusaruro ugabanuka cyane.Hariho kandi itandukaniro ryimbaraga zumucyo mumajyaruguru no mumajyepfo ya parike yizuba, biganisha ku itandukaniro ryikura ryibimera mumajyaruguru no mumajyepfo.Ubutaka bwubutaka bwurukuta rwubutaka bwa pariki yizuba byangiritse cyane, igipimo cyimikoreshereze yubutaka ni kimwe cya kabiri gusa, kandi ingamba zo kwirinda imvura zangiritse hamwe no kongera ubuzima bwa serivisi.

Ingaruka zumucyo nigihe cyumucyo kumusaruro wa raspberry mugihe cyizuba nizuba

imikoreshereze y'ubutaka

01 Guhumeka parike

Ikiraro gishya cyikubye kabiri cyongereye uburebure bwumuyaga wamanutse kumwanya muto kugirango harebwe niba nta firime ihari ishobora gutera ibimera.Ugereranije n’umuyaga wo hasi ufite ubugari bwa 0.4-0,6 m muri pariki zisanzwe zuba, izuba rifite ubugari bwa 1,2-1.5m muri parike ya parike ebyiri-yikubye kabiri ahantu ho guhumeka.

02 Igipimo cyo gukoresha ubutaka bwa pariki na Warming & Insulation

Ikiraro cya parike ebyiri-gishingiye ku burebure bwa 16m n'uburebure bwa 5.5m.Ugereranije n’izuba risanzwe ryizuba, umwanya wimbere urikubye inshuro 1.5, naho 95% byahantu nyaburanga biboneka hatabayeho kubaka urukuta rwubutaka, ibyo bigatuma imikoreshereze yubutaka irenga 40%.Bitandukanye nurukuta rwubutaka rwubatswe kubushyuhe bwumuriro no kubika ubushyuhe muri pariki yizuba, parike yikubye kabiri ikoresha uburyo bwo kubika ubushyuhe bwimbere hamwe na sisitemu yo gushyushya imashanyarazi hasi, idafite umwanya watewe.Umwanya munini uzana ubuso bwikubye kabiri nubunini bwo kohereza urumuri, byongera ububiko bwubushyuhe bwubutaka kuri 0 ~ 5 ° C umwaka-ku-mwaka.Muri icyo gihe, ikirahuri cy’imbere cy’imbere hamwe n’uburyo bwo gushyushya imiyoboro yo gushyushya hasi byongewe muri pariki kugira ngo ubushyuhe bw’imbere bwa parike bugere hejuru ya 15 ° C munsi y’ubukonje bwa -20 ° C mu gihe cy’amajyaruguru, bityo ukemeza umusaruro usanzwe wimbuto mugihe cyitumba.

Amatara ya parike

Gukura kwimbuto bifite ibisabwa cyane kumucyo, bisaba imirasire yizuba yumuriro wa 400-800 (10)⁴W / m²) by'urumuri.Ibintu bigira ingaruka kumatara ya parike harimo ibihe byikirere, ibihe, uburebure nububiko.Ibintu bitatu byambere nibintu bisanzwe kandi ntibigenzurwa nabantu, mugihe ibyanyuma bigenzurwa nabantu.Kumurika parike bifitanye isano ahanini nicyerekezo cya pariki (muri 10 ° yepfo cyangwa amajyaruguru), inguni yinzu (20 ~ 40 °), ahantu h'igicucu cyibikoresho byubaka, kohereza urumuri rwa firime ya plastike n’umwanda, ibitonyanga byamazi, urugero rwo gusaza, ibi nibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumatara ya parike.Kureka ubushyuhe bwo hanze bwumuriro hanyuma ukoreshe imiterere yimbere yumuriro, ishobora kugabanya igicucu cya 20%.Kugirango hamenyekane imikorere yumuriro nubuzima bwiza bwa serivisi ya firime, birakenewe gukuraho amazi yimvura na shelegi hejuru ya firime mugihe.Nyuma y’ubushakashatsi, byagaragaye ko inguni y’igisenge ya 25 ~ 27 ° ifasha cyane kugwa kw'imvura na shelegi.Umwanya munini wa pariki hamwe n’amajyaruguru y’amajyepfo urashobora gukora umwenda wo kumurika kugirango ukemure ikibazo cyikura ry’ibimera bidahuye muri parike imwe.

Umwihariko munini-muremure wubushyuhe bwa plastike parike yimbuto

Itsinda ryumwanditsi ryakoze ubushakashatsi kandi ryubaka pariki nini.Iyi pariki ifite ibyiza byinshi mubikorwa byubwubatsi-umusaruro, umusaruro wimbuto hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro.

Ibipimo binini byubaka parike

Imiterere nini ya parike

01 Ibyiza by'ubushyuhe

Ikiraro kinini-kinini ntigikeneye inkuta zubutaka, kandi igipimo cyo gukoresha ubutaka bwa parike isanzwe yizuba cyiyongereyeho hejuru ya 30%.Hemejwe ko pariki nini yo hanze yubushyuhe bwumuriro wa parike ishobora kugera kuri 6 ° C mugihe ubushyuhe bwo hanze ari -15 ° C, naho itandukaniro ryubushyuhe hagati yimbere ninyuma ni 21 ° C.Kubyerekeranye no kubika amashyuza, birasa nimikorere yizuba.

Kugereranya ubushyuhe bwumuriro nubushyuhe bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe hagati ya parike nini nini na parike yizuba mugihe cyitumba

02 Ibyiza byubaka

Ikigo gifite imiterere yumvikana, urufatiro rukomeye, irwanya umuyaga wo mu cyiciro cya 10, umutwaro wa shelegi wa 0.43kN / m², guhangana cyane n’ibiza nkibiza imvura hamwe no kwegeranya urubura, hamwe nubuzima bwimyaka irenga 15.Ugereranije na pariki zisanzwe, umwanya wimbere wikibanza kimwe wiyongereyeho inshuro 2 ~ 3, zorohereza ibikorwa bya mashini, kandi bikwiriye guhingwa ibihingwa bifite ibihingwa birebire (2m ± 1m).

03 Umucyo n'umwanya ibyiza byo kubungabunga ibidukikije

Ibiraro binini bifite akamaro kanini mu micungire y abakozi no guteganya ibihingwa binini, kandi birashobora kwirinda neza imyanda.Igishushanyo mbonera cya pariki nini ya parike yita cyane ku burebure bw'izuba hamwe no ku mpande zerekana urumuri rw'izuba hejuru ya firime mu bihe bitandukanye, kugira ngo ishobore gushiraho ibihe byiza byo kumurika mu bihe bitandukanye ndetse no mu bihe bitandukanye byabaye ku zuba. hamwe nu mfuruka hagati yubuso bwa firime nubutaka ni 27 ° kugirango imvura na shelegi bigabanuke ku buryo bwuzuye), kugirango bigabanye gutatanya no kugabanya urumuri bishoboka, kandi bikoreshe cyane ingufu zizuba.Umwanya wa parike nini-parike yongerewe inshuro zirenga 2, na CO₂ ugereranije n'umwuka wiyongera inshuro zirenga 2, bifasha gukura kw'ibihingwa kandi bigera ku ntego yo kongera umusaruro.

Kugereranya ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gukura imbuto

Intego yo kubaka pariki ikwiriye guhingwa imbuto ni ukubona ibidukikije byingenzi bikura no kugenzura ibidukikije mu gutera imbuto, kandi imikurire y’ibimera igaragaza neza ibyiza n’ibibi by’ibidukikije bikura.

Kugereranya imikurire yimyumbati muri pariki zitandukanye

Kugereranya imikurire yimyumbati muri pariki zitandukanye

Ubwinshi nubwiza bwimbuto za raspberry nazo ziterwa nibidukikije bikura no kugenzura ibidukikije.Igipimo gisanzwe cyo kwera imbuto zo murwego rwa mbere zirenga 70% nibisohoka 4t / 667m² bisobanura inyungu nyinshi.

kugereranya umusaruro wibihingwa bitandukanye hamwe nigipimo gisanzwe cyo kubahiriza imbuto zo murwego rwa mbere

Ibinyomoro 

Ibisobanuro

Zhang Zhuoyan. Imiterere yikigo kidasanzwe kibereye guhinga urukwavu [J].Ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi, 2022.42 (22): 12-15.