Li Jianming, Sun Guotao, nibindiGreenhouse horticultural tekinoroji yubuhinzi2022-11-21 17:42 Byanditswe i Beijing

Mu myaka yashize, inganda za pariki zateye imbere cyane.Iterambere rya pariki ntirizamura gusa imikoreshereze yubutaka n’umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku buhinzi, ahubwo binakemura ikibazo cyo gutanga imbuto n'imboga mu gihe kitari gito.Icyakora, pariki nayo yahuye nibibazo bitigeze bibaho.Ibikoresho byumwimerere, uburyo bwo gushyushya nuburyo bwubatswe byatanze imbaraga zo kurwanya ibidukikije niterambere.Ibikoresho bishya n'ibishushanyo bishya birakenewe byihutirwa guhindura imiterere ya pariki, kandi ingufu nshya zirakenewe byihutirwa kugirango tugere ku ntego zo kubungabunga ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije, no kongera umusaruro n’amafaranga.

Iyi ngingo iraganira ku nsanganyamatsiko igira iti "ingufu nshya, ibikoresho bishya, igishushanyo gishya cyo gufasha impinduramatwara nshya ya pariki", harimo ubushakashatsi no guhanga ingufu z’izuba, ingufu za biyomasi, ingufu za geothermal n’andi masoko mashya y’ingufu muri parike, ubushakashatsi no gushyira mu bikorwa y'ibikoresho bishya byo gutwikira, kubika ubushyuhe, inkuta nibindi bikoresho, hamwe nigihe kizaza no gutekereza ku mbaraga nshya, ibikoresho bishya nigishushanyo gishya cyo gufasha kuvugurura pariki, kugirango bitange inganda.

Gutezimbere ubuhinzi bwikigo nicyo gisabwa muri politiki kandi byanze bikunze guhitamo gushyira mubikorwa amabwiriza yingenzi no gufata ibyemezo bya guverinoma nkuru.Muri 2020, ubuso bwose bw’ubuhinzi burinzwe mu Bushinwa buzaba miliyoni 2.8 hm2, n’umusaruro uzarenga tiriyoni 1.Nuburyo bwingenzi bwo kuzamura umusaruro wibihingwa kugirango tunoze amatara ya parike hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro ukoresheje ingufu nshya, ibikoresho bishya hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera gishya.Hariho ibibi byinshi mu musaruro wa pariki gakondo, nk'amakara, amavuta ya lisansi n’andi masoko y’ingufu zikoreshwa mu gushyushya no gushyushya muri pariki gakondo, bikavamo gaze ya dioxyde nyinshi yangiza ibidukikije, mu gihe gaze gasanzwe, ingufu z’amashanyarazi na izindi mbaraga zitanga ingufu zongera igiciro cyimikorere ya pariki.Ibikoresho gakondo byo kubika ubushyuhe kurukuta rwa parike ahanini ni ibumba n'amatafari, bitwara byinshi kandi byangiza cyane umutungo wubutaka.Imikoreshereze yubutaka bwa parike yizuba gakondo hamwe nurukuta rwisi ni 40% ~ 50% gusa, kandi pariki isanzwe ifite ubushobozi buke bwo kubika ubushyuhe, kuburyo idashobora kubaho mugihe cyizuba kugirango itange imboga zishyushye mumajyaruguru yUbushinwa.Kubwibyo, intandaro yo guteza imbere parike, cyangwa ubushakashatsi bwibanze buri mubishushanyo mbonera, ubushakashatsi niterambere ryibikoresho bishya ningufu nshya.Iyi ngingo izibanda ku bushakashatsi no guhanga udushya tw’ingufu nshya muri pariki, mu ncamake uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bw’amasoko mashya nk’ingufu zikomoka ku zuba, ingufu za biyomasi, ingufu za geothermal, ingufu z’umuyaga n’ibikoresho bishya bitwikiriye mu mucyo, ibikoresho byo gutwika amashyanyarazi hamwe n’ibikoresho byo ku rukuta muri pariki, gusesengura ikoreshwa ryingufu nshya nibikoresho bishya mukubaka pariki nshya, kandi utegereze uruhare rwabo mugutezimbere no guhindura parike.

Ubushakashatsi no guhanga udushya twinshi Greenhouse

Ingufu nshya zicyatsi zifite ingufu nyinshi zikoreshwa mubuhinzi zirimo ingufu zizuba, ingufu za geothermal ningufu za biyomass, cyangwa gukoresha byimazeyo amasoko atandukanye yingufu, kugirango tugere kumikoreshereze myiza yingufu twigira kubintu bikomeye.

ingufu z'izuba / ingufu

Ikoranabuhanga ry’izuba ni karubone nkeya, ikora neza kandi irambye yo gutanga ingufu, kandi ni kimwe mu bintu by’inganda zigenda zitera imbere mu Bushinwa.Bizahinduka byanze bikunze guhindura no kuzamura imiterere y’ingufu z’Ubushinwa mu bihe biri imbere.Duhereye ku mikoreshereze y’ingufu, pariki ubwayo ni imiterere yikoreshwa ryizuba ryizuba.Binyuze mu ngaruka za pariki, ingufu z'izuba zegeranijwe mu ngo, ubushyuhe bwa pariki burazamuka, kandi ubushyuhe bukenewe mu gukura kw'ibihingwa buratangwa.Inkomoko nyamukuru yingufu za fotosintezeza yibimera ni urumuri rwizuba, aribwo buryo butaziguye bwo gukoresha ingufu zizuba.

01 Amashanyarazi ya Photovoltaque kubyara ubushyuhe

Amashanyarazi ya Photovoltaque ni tekinoroji ihindura mu buryo butaziguye ingufu z'umucyo ingufu z'amashanyarazi zishingiye ku ngaruka zifotora.Ikintu cyingenzi cyikoranabuhanga ni selile yizuba.Iyo ingufu z'izuba zimurika ku mirasire y'izuba ikurikiranye cyangwa mu buryo bubangikanye, ibice bya semiconductor bihindura ingufu z'imirasire y'izuba mu mashanyarazi.Tekinoroji ya Photovoltaque irashobora guhindura ingufu zumucyo ingufu zamashanyarazi, kubika amashanyarazi binyuze muri bateri, no gushyushya parike nijoro, ariko igiciro cyayo kinini kibuza iterambere ryayo.Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryateguye igikoresho cyo gushyushya fotora ya graphene, kigizwe n’ibikoresho byoroshye bifotora, imashini imwe-imwe igenzura, bateri yo kubikamo hamwe n’inkoni yo gushyushya graphene.Ukurikije uburebure bwumurongo watewe, inkoni yo gushyushya graphene ishyingurwa munsi yumufuka wa substrate.Ku manywa, ibyuma bifotora bifata imirasire y'izuba kugirango bitange amashanyarazi kandi ubibike muri bateri yo kubikamo, hanyuma amashanyarazi arekurwa nijoro kugirango inkoni ishyushya graphene.Mubipimo nyabyo, uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo gutangira kuri 17 ℃ no gufunga kuri 19 ℃ byemewe.Kwiruka nijoro (20: 00-08: 00 kumunsi wa kabiri) kumasaha 8, gukoresha ingufu zo gushyushya umurongo umwe wibimera ni 1.24 kW · h, naho ubushyuhe buringaniye bwumufuka wa substrate nijoro ni 19.2 ℃, bikaba 3.5 ~ 5.3 ℃ birenze ibyo kugenzura.Ubu buryo bwo gushyushya bufatanije n’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi akemura ibibazo byo gukoresha ingufu nyinshi n’umwanda mwinshi mu gushyushya parike mu gihe cyitumba.

02 guhinduranya amafoto no kuyakoresha

Guhindura imirasire y'izuba bivuga gukoresha ikoreshwa ryihariye ryikusanyirizo ryizuba rikozwe mubikoresho byo guhinduranya amafoto kugirango bikusanyirizwe hamwe kandi bikoreshe ingufu zizuba ryinshi kuri yo bishoboka kandi bihindurwe ingufu zubushyuhe.Ugereranije n’imirasire y’izuba, imirasire yizuba ikoresha iyongerera kwinjiza umurongo uri hafi ya infragre, bityo ikaba ifite ingufu nyinshi zo gukoresha ingufu zumucyo wizuba, igiciro gito hamwe nikoranabuhanga rikuze, kandi nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane mukoresha ingufu zizuba.

Ikoranabuhanga rikuze cyane mu guhinduranya no gukoresha amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa ni ikusanyirizo ry’izuba, igice cy’ibanze kikaba ari icyuma gikurura ubushyuhe hamwe n’ibikoresho byatoranijwe, bishobora guhindura ingufu z’imirasire y’izuba zinyura mu isahani y’ingufu kandi zikwirakwiza ni ku buryo bukurura ubushyuhe bukoreshwa.Imirasire y'izuba irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri ukurikije niba hari umwanya wa vacuum mubikusanyirizo cyangwa bidahari: imirasire y'izuba iringaniye hamwe na vacuum tube izuba;gukusanya imirasire y'izuba hamwe no gukusanya imirasire y'izuba ukurikije niba imirasire y'izuba ku cyambu cyo ku manywa ihindura icyerekezo;hamwe n’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba hamwe n’ikusanyirizo ry’izuba ukurikije ubwoko bwo kohereza ubushyuhe bukoreshwa.

Gukoresha ingufu z'izuba muri parike bikorwa cyane cyane muburyo butandukanye bwo gukusanya izuba.Kaminuza ya Ibin Zor muri Maroc yashyizeho uburyo bwo gushyushya ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba (ASHS) mu gushyushya parike, zishobora kongera umusaruro w'inyanya ku kigero cya 55% mu gihe cy'itumba.Kaminuza y’ubuhinzi y’Ubushinwa yateguye kandi ishyiraho uburyo bwo gukusanya no gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa bikonjesha, bifite ubushobozi bwo gukusanya ubushyuhe bwa 390.6 ～ 693.0 MJ, kandi bushyira ahagaragara igitekerezo cyo gutandukanya uburyo bwo gukusanya ubushyuhe n’uburyo bwo kubika ubushyuhe na pompe y’ubushyuhe.Kaminuza ya Bari mu Butaliyani yashyizeho uburyo bwo gushyushya parike ya parike ya parike, igizwe na sisitemu y’izuba hamwe na pompe y’amazi yo mu kirere, kandi ishobora kongera ubushyuhe bw’ikirere 3,6% naho ubushyuhe bw’ubutaka bukaba 92%.Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryateguye ubwoko bwibikoresho bikusanya ubushyuhe bwizuba bukoresha impinduka zifatika zihindagurika ryizuba, hamwe nigikoresho cyo kubika ubushyuhe bwamazi y’amazi y’ikirere mu kirere.Ikoranabuhanga rikorana nogukoresha ubushyuhe bwizuba hamwe nimpinduka zinyuranye zica intege imbogamizi yibikoresho gakondo byo gukusanya ubushyuhe bwa parike, nkubushobozi buke bwo gukusanya ubushyuhe, igicucu hamwe nubutaka bwahinzwe.Ukoresheje pariki idasanzwe yubusitani bwa parike yizuba, umwanya udahingwa wa pariki ukoreshwa byuzuye, bitezimbere cyane imikoreshereze yumwanya wa parike.Mubihe bisanzwe byizuba ryakazi, sisitemu ikora yo gukusanya ubushyuhe bwizuba hamwe nimpinduka ihindagurika igera kuri 1.9 MJ / (m2h), gukoresha ingufu bigera kuri 85.1% naho igipimo cyo kuzigama ingufu ni 77%.Muri tekinoroji yo kubika ubushyuhe bwa pariki, hashyizweho ibyiciro byinshi byo guhunika ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bwo kubika ubushyuhe bwibikoresho byo kubika ubushyuhe bwiyongera, kandi buhoro buhoro bwo gusohora ubushyuhe buva mu gikoresho buragerwaho, kugirango tumenye neza gukoresha neza ubushyuhe bwakusanyirijwe hamwe nibikoresho byo gukusanya ubushyuhe bwizuba.

ingufu za biomass

Imiterere mishya yikigo yubatswe muguhuza ibikoresho bitanga ubushyuhe bwa biomass hamwe na pariki, kandi ibikoresho fatizo bya biomass nkifumbire yingurube, ibisigazwa by ibihumyo hamwe nibyatsi bifumbire kugirango bitange ubushyuhe, kandi ingufu zubushyuhe zitangwa zitangwa muburyo butaziguye muri parike [ 5].Ugereranije na pariki idafite ikigega cyo gushyushya biomass fermentation, parike yo gushyushya irashobora kongera neza ubushyuhe bwubutaka muri parike kandi ikagumana ubushyuhe bukwiye bwimizi y ibihingwa bihingwa mubutaka mubihe bisanzwe mubihe byimbeho.Gufata urugero rumwe rwa asimmetrike yubushyuhe bwa parike ifite uburebure bwa metero 17 nuburebure bwa 30m nkurugero, ukongeramo 8m yimyanda yubuhinzi (ibyatsi byinyanya n’ifumbire mvaruganda ivanze) mukigega cya fermentation yo murugo kugirango fermentation isanzwe idahinduye ikirundo kongera ubushyuhe bwa buri munsi bwa parike ya 4.2 ℃ mugihe cyitumba, naho impuzandengo yubushyuhe bwa buri munsi irashobora kugera kuri 4,6 ℃.

Gukoresha ingufu za fermentasiyo ya biomass ni uburyo bwa fermentation ikoresha ibikoresho nibikoresho kugirango igenzure inzira ya fermentation kugirango ibone vuba kandi ikoreshe neza ingufu zubushyuhe bwa biomass nifumbire ya gaze ya CO2, muribyo guhumeka nubushuhe nibintu byingenzi bigenga ubushyuhe bwa fermentation n'umusaruro wa gaze ya biomass.Mu bihe bihumeka, mikorobe zo mu kirere mu kirundo cya fermentation zikoresha ogisijeni mu bikorwa by’ubuzima, naho igice cy’ingufu zitangwa zikoreshwa mu mibereho yabo bwite, naho igice cy’ingufu zikarekurwa mu bidukikije nk’ingufu z’ubushyuhe, zifasha ubushyuhe. kuzamuka kw'ibidukikije.Amazi agira uruhare mubikorwa byose bya fermentation, atanga intungamubiri zikenewe zikora ibikorwa bya mikorobe, kandi icyarimwe akarekura ubushyuhe bwikirundo muburyo bwamazi binyuze mumazi, kugirango bigabanye ubushyuhe bwikirundo, byongere ubuzima bwubuzima mikorobe kandi byongera ubushyuhe bwinshi bwikirundo.Gushyira ibikoresho byo kumena ibyatsi mubigega bya fermentation birashobora kongera ubushyuhe bwimbere muri 3 ~ 5 ℃ mugihe cyitumba, gushimangira fotosintezez yibihingwa no kongera umusaruro winyanya 29.6%.

Ingufu za geothermal

Ubushinwa bukungahaye ku mutungo wa geothermal.Kugeza ubu, inzira ikunze kugaragara mubikoresho byubuhinzi gukoresha ingufu za geothermal nugukoresha pompe yubushyuhe bwubutaka, bushobora kwimura ingufu zubushyuhe bwo mu rwego rwo hasi zikagera ku mbaraga z’ubushyuhe bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru winjizamo ingufu nke zo mu rwego rwo hejuru (nka ingufu z'amashanyarazi).Bitandukanye ningamba zisanzwe zo gushyushya parike, gushyushya pompe yubushyuhe ntibishobora kugera ku bushyuhe bukomeye gusa, ariko kandi bifite n'ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha parike no kugabanya ubuhehere buri muri parike.Ubushakashatsi bukoreshwa mubutaka-butanga ubushyuhe mubijyanye no kubaka amazu birakuze.Igice cyibanze kigira ingaruka kubushyuhe no gukonjesha pompe yubushyuhe-butaka ni module yo guhanahana ubushyuhe munsi yubutaka, ikubiyemo cyane cyane imiyoboro yashyinguwe, amariba yo munsi, nibindi. yabaye ubushakashatsi bwibanze kuri iki gice.Muri icyo gihe, ihinduka ryubushyuhe bwubutaka bwubutaka mugukoresha pompe yubushyuhe bwubutaka nabwo bugira ingaruka kumikoreshereze yubushyuhe bwa pompe.Gukoresha pompe yubushyuhe bwo gukonjesha kugirango ukonje parike mugihe cyizuba kandi ubike ingufu zubushyuhe murwego rwubutaka bwimbitse birashobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwubutaka bwubutaka no kunoza umusaruro wubushyuhe bwa pompe yubushyuhe bwubutaka mugihe cyitumba.

Kugeza ubu, mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku mikorere n’ubushobozi bwa pompe yubushyuhe buturuka ku butaka, binyuze mu mibare nyayo y’ubushakashatsi, hashyizweho urugero rwumubare hamwe na software nka TOUGH2 na TRNSYS, hanzuwe ko imikorere yo gushyushya hamwe na coefficente yimikorere (COP) ) ya pompe yubushyuhe bwubutaka irashobora kugera kuri 3.0 ~ 4.5, ifite ingaruka nziza yo gukonjesha no gushyushya.Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku ngamba zikorwa za sisitemu ya pompe yubushyuhe, Fu Yunzhun nabandi basanze ugereranije nu mutwaro wuruhande rwumutwaro, uruhande ruturuka ku butaka rufite uruhare runini ku mikorere yikigo ndetse no guhererekanya ubushyuhe bwumuyoboro washyinguwe .Ukurikije uko ibintu byifashe, igiciro ntarengwa cya COP cyigice gishobora kugera kuri 4.17 ukoresheje gahunda yimikorere yo gukora amasaha 2 ugahagarara kumasaha 2;Shi Huixian et.yafashe uburyo bwo gukora burigihe burigihe bwo kubika amazi.Mu mpeshyi, iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru, COP ya sisitemu yose itanga ingufu irashobora kugera kuri 3.80.

Ubuhanga bwimbitse bwo kubika ubushyuhe muri parike

Ububiko bwimbitse bwubutaka muri pariki nabwo bwitwa "banki yo kubika ubushyuhe" muri parike.Kwangiza ubukonje mu gihe cy'itumba n'ubushyuhe bwinshi mu cyi ni inzitizi nyamukuru zibangamira umusaruro wa pariki.Hashingiwe ku bushobozi bukomeye bwo kubika ubushyuhe bw’ubutaka bwimbitse, itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryateguye pariki yo munsi y’ubutaka bwimbitse.Igikoresho ni umuyoboro wikubye kabiri ugereranya ubushyuhe bwo gushyingura bwashyinguwe mubwimbye bwa 1.5 ～ 2,5m munsi yubutaka muri parike, hamwe numwuka uhumeka hejuru ya parike hamwe n’umuyaga hasi.Iyo ubushyuhe buri muri parike buri hejuru, umwuka wimbere usunikwa mubutaka numufana kugirango abone ubushyuhe no kugabanuka kwubushyuhe.Iyo ubushyuhe bwa parike ari buke, ubushyuhe buvanwa mubutaka kugirango bushyuhe parike.Umusaruro n'ibisabwa byerekana ko igikoresho gishobora kongera ubushyuhe bwa parike kuri 2,3 ℃ mu ijoro ryitumba, kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu ku gipimo cya 2,6 ℃ ku munsi wizuba, no kongera umusaruro winyanya 1500 kg muri 667 m².Igikoresho gikoresha neza ibiranga "ubushyuhe mu gihe cy'itumba n'ubukonje mu cyi" na "ubushyuhe buhoraho" bwubutaka bwimbitse, butanga "banki ishinzwe ingufu" kuri parike, kandi ikomeza kurangiza imirimo ifasha yo gukonjesha parike no gushyushya .

Guhuza ingufu nyinshi

Gukoresha ubwoko bubiri cyangwa bwinshi bwingufu kugirango ushushe pariki irashobora gukemura neza ibibi byubwoko bumwe bwingufu, kandi bigatanga gukina ingaruka zidasanzwe za "imwe wongeyeho imwe irenze ebyiri".Ubufatanye bwuzuzanya hagati yingufu za geothermal ningufu zizuba nisoko ryubushakashatsi bwokoresha ingufu nshya mumusaruro wubuhinzi mumyaka yashize.Emmi n'abandi.yize sisitemu yingufu nyinshi (Igicapo 1), ifite ibikoresho bifotora byizuba bifotora.Ugereranije na sisitemu isanzwe yubushyuhe bwo mumazi-pompe, ingufu zingufu za sisitemu yingufu nyinshi zongerwaho 16% ~ 25%.Zheng et.yateje imbere ubwoko bushya bwa sisitemu yo kubika ubushyuhe bwingufu zizuba hamwe nubutaka butanga ubushyuhe.Sisitemu yo gukusanya imirasire y'izuba irashobora kumenya neza uburyo bwiza bwo kubika ubushyuhe, ni ukuvuga gushyushya ubuziranenge mu gihe cy'itumba no gukonjesha neza mu cyi.Umuyoboro ushyinguwe wubushyuhe hamwe nigikoresho cyo kubika ubushyuhe burigihe birashobora gukora neza muri sisitemu, kandi agaciro ka COP ka sisitemu gashobora kugera kuri 6.96.

Ifatanije n’ingufu zikomoka ku zuba, igamije kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu z’ubucuruzi no kuzamura ituze ry’amashanyarazi akomoka ku zuba muri pariki.Wan Ya et.shyira imbere gahunda nshya yubuhanga bwo kugenzura ubwenge bwo guhuza ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y’izuba n’ingufu z’ubucuruzi mu gushyushya parike, zishobora gukoresha ingufu za Photovoltaque iyo hari urumuri, hanyuma ukayihindura ingufu z’ubucuruzi iyo nta mucyo uhari, bikagabanya cyane ibura ry'amashanyarazi. igipimo, no kugabanya ikiguzi cyubukungu udakoresheje bateri.

Imirasire y'izuba, ingufu za biyomasi n'ingufu z'amashanyarazi birashobora gufatanya gushyushya pariki, zishobora no kugera ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru.Zhang Liangrui nabandi bahujije ikusanyirizo ryizuba rya vacuum tube ikigega cyamazi yo kubika ubushyuhe.Sisitemu yo gushyushya parike ifite ihumure ryiza, kandi impuzandengo yo gushyushya sisitemu ni 68.70%.Ikigega cyo kubika ubushyuhe bwamashanyarazi nigikoresho cyo kubika amazi ya biomass hamwe no gushyushya amashanyarazi.Ubushyuhe bwo hasi cyane bwamazi yinjira mubushuhe burashyirwaho, kandi ingamba zimikorere ya sisitemu zigenwa ukurikije ubushyuhe bwo kubika amazi bwikusanyamakuru ryizuba hamwe nigice cyo kubika ubushyuhe bwa biomass, kugirango bigere ku bushyuhe buhamye kuri gushyushya impera no kuzigama ingufu z'amashanyarazi nibikoresho bya biomass kurwego ntarengwa.

Ubushakashatsi bushya no gukoresha ibikoresho bishya bya parike

Hamwe no kwagura ubuso bwa pariki, ibibi byo gukoresha ibikoresho bya pariki gakondo nkamatafari nubutaka bigenda bigaragara.Kubwibyo, kugirango turusheho kunoza imikorere yubushyuhe bwa pariki no guhuza ibikenerwa byiterambere rya pariki igezweho, hariho ubushakashatsi bwinshi nogukoresha ibikoresho bishya bitwikiriye mu mucyo, ibikoresho byo gutwika ubushyuhe nibikoresho byurukuta.

Ubushakashatsi no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho bishya bitwikiriye

Ubwoko bwibikoresho bitwikiriye neza muri parike harimo firime ya pulasitike, ikirahure, imirasire yizuba hamwe na paneli yerekana amashanyarazi, muriyo firime ya plastike ifite ahantu hanini ho gukoreshwa.Filime gakondo ya greenhouse PE ifite inenge zubuzima bwa serivisi ngufi, kutitesha agaciro numurimo umwe.Kugeza ubu, amafilime atandukanye yimikorere yatunganijwe hongerwaho reagent ikora cyangwa ibifuniko.

Filime yo guhindura urumuri:Filime ihindura urumuri ihindura imiterere ya firime ukoresheje ibintu bihindura urumuri nkisi idasanzwe nibikoresho bya nano, kandi birashobora guhindura akarere ka ultraviolet kumucyo wumucyo utukura wumucyo wumucyo numucyo wa violet ubururu busabwa na fotosintezeza yibihingwa, bityo umusaruro wibihingwa ukagabanuka. kwangirika k'umucyo ultraviolet kubihingwa na firime ya parike muri parike ya plastiki.Kurugero, rugari-rugari rwumutuku-kuri-umutuku wa parike hamwe na VTR-660 yumucyo uhindura urumuri rushobora guteza imbere itumanaho rya infragre iyo rikoreshejwe muri parike, kandi ugereranije na pariki igenzura, umusaruro winyanya kuri hegitari, vitamine C hamwe na lycopene byiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara kuri 25,71%, 11.11% na 33.04%.Ariko, kuri ubu, ubuzima bwa serivisi, gutesha agaciro nigiciro cya firime nshya yo guhindura urumuri biracyakenewe kwigwa.

Ikirahure gitatanye.Ikirahure gisakaye gihindura urumuri rwinjira muri pariki rukaba urumuri rutatanye binyuze mu buryo bwihariye, kandi urumuri rutatanye rushobora kurushaho kurasa muri parike, bikuraho igicucu cya skeleton kuri parike.Ugereranije nikirahure gisanzwe kireremba hamwe nikirahure kireremba cyera, igipimo cyo kohereza urumuri rwikirahure ni 91.5%, naho ikirahuri gisanzwe kireremba ni 88%.Kuri buri kwiyongera kwa 1% kwanduza urumuri imbere muri parike, umusaruro urashobora kwiyongera hafi 3%, kandi isukari ishonga hamwe na vitamine C mu mbuto n'imboga byiyongereye.Kunyanyagiza ibirahuri muri parike byabanje gutwikirwa hanyuma bigashyuha, kandi igipimo cyo kwiyahura kiri hejuru yigihugu, kigera kuri 2 ‰.

Ubushakashatsi nogukoresha ibikoresho bishya byubushyuhe

Ibikoresho gakondo byogukoresha ubushyuhe muri pariki harimo cyane ibyatsi, igitanda cyimpapuro, inshinge zatewe nubushyuhe bwo gutwika amashyuza, nibindi, bikoreshwa cyane cyane mumashanyarazi yo mumbere no hanze yubusenge bwibisenge, kubika urukuta hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro mubikoresho bimwe na bimwe bibika ubushyuhe nibikoresho byo gukusanya ubushyuhe. .Benshi muribo bafite inenge yo gutakaza imikorere yubushyuhe bwumuriro bitewe nubushuhe bwimbere nyuma yo gukoresha igihe kirekire.Kubwibyo, haribintu byinshi byifashishwa mubikoresho bishya byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, muribwo bushya bushya bwo kubika ubushyuhe, kubika ubushyuhe nibikoresho byo gukusanya ubushyuhe nibyo byibandwaho mubushakashatsi.

Ibikoresho bishya byokoresha ubushyuhe busanzwe bikozwe mugutunganya no guhuza ibikoresho bitarimo amazi kandi bidashobora gusaza nka firime iboshywe hamwe na kode yometseho ibikoresho byogukoresha amashyanyarazi nka pamba yometseho spray, cashmere zitandukanye hamwe nipamba ya puwaro.Filime ikozwe muri spray yometseho ipamba yubushyuhe bwo gupima ubushyuhe bwageragejwe mu majyaruguru yuburasirazuba bwUbushinwa.Byagaragaye ko kongeramo 500g ipamba isize irangi ihwanye nigikorwa cyo gukwirakwiza amashyuza ya 4500g umukara wumva ubushyuhe bwumuriro ku isoko.Muri ubwo buryo, imikorere yubushyuhe bwa 700g ipamba yatewe spray yatejwe imbere na 1 ~ 2 ℃ ugereranije nubwa 500g yatewe na pamba yometseho ipamba yumuriro.Muri icyo gihe, ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekanye kandi ko ugereranije n’ibisanzwe bikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza amashyuza y’isoko ku isoko, ingaruka ziterwa n’amashyanyarazi y’ipamba yometseho spray hamwe na cashmere zitandukanye zo mu bwoko bwa cashmere, ni byiza, hamwe n’ibipimo by’ubushyuhe bwa 84.0% na 83.3 %.Iyo ubushyuhe bukonje bwo hanze ari -24.4 ℃, ubushyuhe bwo murugo burashobora kugera kuri 5.4 na 4.2 ℃.Ugereranije nigitambara kimwe cyicyatsi kibisi, igitambaro gishya cyo guteramo insuline gifite ibyiza byuburemere bworoshye, umuvuduko mwinshi, kutagira amazi menshi no kurwanya gusaza, kandi birashobora gukoreshwa nkubwoko bushya bwibikoresho byifashishwa byokoresha izuba ryinshi.

Muri icyo gihe, ukurikije ubushakashatsi bwibikoresho byo kubika ubushyuhe bwo gukusanya ubushyuhe bwa parike hamwe n’ibikoresho byo kubikamo, usanga kandi ko iyo umubyimba ari umwe, ibikoresho byinshi bigizwe n’ibikoresho byo gutwika amashyuza bifite imikorere myiza y’ubushyuhe kuruta ibikoresho bimwe.Itsinda rya Porofeseri Li Jianming wo muri kaminuza y’Amajyaruguru y’Uburengerazuba A&F ryateguye kandi ryerekana ubwoko 22 bw’ibikoresho byo kubika ubushyuhe bw’ibikoresho byo kubika amazi ya parike, nk'ikibaho cya vacuum, airgel na pamba, hanyuma bapima imiterere y’ubushyuhe.Ibisubizo byerekanye ko 80mm yubushyuhe bwo gutwika amashyanyarazi + airgel + reberi-plastike yumuriro wogukoresha ibikoresho bya insulation bishobora kugabanya ikwirakwizwa ryubushyuhe kuri 0.367MJ mugihe cyumwanya ugereranije na 80mm ya rubber-plastike, naho coefficente yohereza ubushyuhe yari 0.283W / (m2 · K) iyo umubyimba wo guhuza insulation wari 100mm.

Ibikoresho byo guhindura icyiciro nikimwe mubishyushye mubushakashatsi bwibikoresho bya parike.Kaminuza y’amajyaruguru yuburengerazuba A&F yateguye ubwoko bubiri bwibikoresho byo guhindura ibikoresho: kimwe ni agasanduku ko kubikamo gakozwe na polyethylene yumukara, ifite ubunini bwa 50cm × 30cm × 14cm (uburebure × uburebure × uburebure) kandi bwuzuyemo ibikoresho byo guhindura ibyiciro, bityo ko ishobora kubika ubushyuhe no kurekura ubushyuhe;Icyakabiri, ubwoko bushya bwicyiciro-gihindura urukuta rwatejwe imbere.Icyiciro-gihindura urukuta rugizwe nibikoresho byo guhindura ibyiciro, isahani ya aluminium, isahani ya aluminium-plastike na aluminiyumu.Icyiciro-gihindura ibikoresho giherereye hagati yikibaho, kandi ibisobanuro ni 200mm × 200mm × 50mm.Ni ifu ikomeye mbere na nyuma yo guhinduka, kandi nta kintu na kimwe cyo gushonga cyangwa gutemba.Inkuta enye z'ibikoresho byo guhindura icyiciro ni isahani ya aluminium na plaque ya aluminium.Iki gikoresho kirashobora kumenya imirimo yo kubika ubushyuhe kumanywa kandi ahanini ikarekura ubushyuhe nijoro.

Kubwibyo, hariho ibibazo bimwe na bimwe mugukoresha ibikoresho bimwe byokoresha ubushyuhe bwumuriro, nkubushobozi buke bwokoresha ubushyuhe bwumuriro, gutakaza ubushyuhe bwinshi, igihe gito cyo kubika ubushyuhe, nibindi. gutwikira igikoresho cyo kubika ubushyuhe birashobora kunoza neza imikorere yubushyuhe bwumuriro wa parike, kugabanya gutakaza ubushyuhe bwa parike, bityo bikagera ku ngaruka zo kuzigama ingufu.

Ubushakashatsi no Gushyira mu bikorwa Urukuta rushya

Nuburyo bwo kuzitira, urukuta nimbogamizi ikomeye mukurinda ubukonje bwa parike no kubungabunga ubushyuhe.Ukurikije ibikoresho byurukuta nububiko, iterambere ryurukuta rwamajyaruguru rwa pariki rushobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu: urukuta rumwe rukumbi rwubutaka, amatafari, nibindi, nurukuta rwamajyaruguru rwubakishijwe amatafari yibumba, amatafari yo guhagarika, imbaho ​​za polystirene, nibindi, hamwe nububiko bwimbere bwimbere hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hanze, kandi inyinshi murizo nkuta ziratwara igihe kandi zikora cyane;Kubwibyo, mumyaka yashize, hagaragaye ubwoko bwinshi bushya bwinkuta, bworoshye kubaka kandi bukwiriye guterana vuba.

Kugaragara kw'inkuta nshya ziteranijwe ziteza imbere iterambere ryihuse rya pariki ziteranijwe, harimo urukuta rushya rwubatswe hamwe n’amazi yo hanze y’amazi ndetse n’ibikoresho byo kurwanya gusaza hamwe n’ibikoresho nka feri, ipamba ya puwaro, ipamba yo mu kirere, ipamba y'ibirahure cyangwa ipamba itunganijwe nk'ubushyuhe Ibice byokwirinda, nkurukuta rworoshye rukusanyirijwe hamwe nipamba ihujwe na pamba muri Sinayi.Byongeye kandi, ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekanye kandi urukuta rwo mu majyaruguru rwa pariki yateranijwe hamwe n’ububiko bw’ubushyuhe, nk’amatafari yuzuye amatafari yuzuye amatafari muri Sinayi.Mubidukikije bimwe, iyo ubushyuhe bwo hasi bwo hanze ni -20.8 ℃, ubushyuhe muri parike yizuba hamwe ningano ya shell mortar block urukuta rukomatanya ni 7.5 ℃, mugihe ubushyuhe buri muri parike yizuba hamwe nurukuta rwamatafari ni 3.2 ℃.Igihe cyo gusarura inyanya muri pariki yamatafari kirashobora gutezwa imbere niminsi 16, kandi umusaruro wa parike imwe ushobora kwiyongera 18.4%.

Itsinda ryibikoresho bya kaminuza y’amajyaruguru y’uburengerazuba A&F ryashyize ahagaragara igitekerezo cyo gukora ibikoresho byo gukora ibyatsi, ubutaka, amazi, amabuye n’ibice byahinduwe mu buryo bwo kubika amashyuza no kubika ubushyuhe biturutse ku mucyo w’urumuri no koroshya urukuta, ibyo bikaba byateje imbere ubushakashatsi bukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye. urukuta.Kurugero, ugereranije nurukuta rusanzwe rwamatafari, ubushyuhe buringaniye muri parike ni 4.0 ℃ hejuru kumunsi wizuba.Ubwoko butatu bwimyanya ihindagurika ya sima module, ikozwe mubintu byo guhindura ibyiciro (PCM) na sima, byegeranije ubushyuhe bwa 74.5, 88.0 na 95.1 MJ / m³, kandi yarekuye ubushyuhe bwa 59.8, 67.8 na 84.2 MJ / m³.Bafite imirimo yo "gukata impinga" ku manywa, "kuzuza ikibaya" nijoro, gukuramo ubushyuhe mu cyi no kurekura ubushyuhe mu gihe cy'itumba.

Izi nkuta nshya ziteraniye ahazubakwa, hamwe nigihe gito cyo kubaka hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo gukora, ibyo bikaba bitanga uburyo bwo kubaka urumuri, koroshya kandi rwateranijwe vuba vuba pariki yabugenewe, kandi irashobora guteza imbere ivugurura ryimiterere rya pariki.Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, hari inenge zimwe murubu bwoko bwurukuta, nkurukuta rwa spray ruhujwe na pamba yumuriro wububiko bwububiko bufite imikorere myiza yubushyuhe bwumuriro, ariko bukabura ubushobozi bwo kubika ubushyuhe, kandi ibikoresho byubaka ibyiciro bifite ikibazo cyo gukoresha amafaranga menshi.Mugihe kizaza, ubushakashatsi bwogukoresha urukuta rwateranijwe bugomba gushimangirwa.

Ingufu nshya, ibikoresho bishya nibishushanyo bishya bifasha imiterere ya parike guhinduka.

Ubushakashatsi no guhanga ingufu nshya nibikoresho bishya bitanga umusingi wo guhanga ibishushanyo mbonera.Icyatsi kibika ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba hamwe n’isuka rya arch ni byo binini binini mu musaruro w’ubuhinzi mu Bushinwa, kandi bigira uruhare runini mu musaruro w’ubuhinzi.Icyakora, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’imibereho y’Ubushinwa, hagaragaye amakosa y’ubwoko bubiri bw’ibikoresho.Ubwa mbere, umwanya wububiko ni muto kandi urwego rwo gukanika ni ruto;Icya kabiri, pariki yizuba izigama ingufu ifite izuba ryiza, ariko imikoreshereze yubutaka ni mike, ibyo bikaba bihwanye no gusimbuza ingufu za parike nubutaka.Ububiko busanzwe busanzwe ntabwo bufite umwanya muto gusa, ahubwo bufite nubushyuhe buke bwumuriro.Nubwo pariki-parike nyinshi ifite umwanya munini, ifite ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro no gukoresha ingufu nyinshi.Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere pariki ikwiranye nu rwego rw’Ubushinwa mu rwego rw’imibereho n’ubukungu, kandi ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ingufu nshya n’ibikoresho bishya bizafasha imiterere ya pariki guhinduka no gutanga imiterere itandukanye y’ibidukikije cyangwa parike.

Ubushakashatsi bushya kuri Kinini-Asimmetric Amazi agenzurwa na Brewing Greenhouse

Ikibanza kinini cya asimmetrike igenzurwa n’icyatsi kibisi (nimero yipatanti: ZL 201220391214.2) ishingiye ku ihame rya parike y’izuba, ihindura imiterere ihuriweho na pariki isanzwe ya plastiki, kongera uburebure bw’amajyepfo, kongera urumuri rw’igisenge cy’amajyepfo, kugabanya amajyaruguru no kugabanya ubushuhe bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, hamwe na 18 ~ 24m n'uburebure bwa 6 ~ 7m.Binyuze mu guhanga udushya, imiterere yimiterere yazamutse cyane.Muri icyo gihe kandi, ibibazo by’ubushyuhe budahagije muri pariki mu gihe cyitumba hamwe n’ubushyuhe buke bw’ubushyuhe bw’ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bukemurwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rishya ry’ubushyuhe bwa biomass hamwe n’ibikoresho bitanga ubushyuhe.Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi n’ubushakashatsi byerekana ko pariki nini ya asimmetrike igenzurwa n’icyatsi kibisi, gifite ubushyuhe bwa dogere 11,7 ℃ ku zuba na 10.8 ℃ ku munsi w’ibicu, birashobora guhaza icyifuzo cyo gukura kw’ibihingwa mu gihe cy'itumba, hamwe n’igiciro cyo kubaka pariki yagabanutseho 39,6% naho igipimo cy’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka cyiyongereyeho hejuru ya 30% ugereranije n’icyatsi kibisi cy’amatafari ya polystirene, gikwiye kurushaho kumenyekana no gukoreshwa mu kibaya cy’uruzi rwa Huaihe rw’Ubushinwa.

Ikusanyirizo ryizuba ryizuba

Ikiraro cyizuba cyizuba gifata inkingi hamwe nigisenge cya skeleton nkuburyo bwo kwikorera imitwaro, kandi ibikoresho byurukuta rwarwo ahanini ni ubushyuhe bwo kubika ubushyuhe, aho kubyara no kubika ubushyuhe bworoshye no kurekura.Ahanini: (1) ubwoko bushya bwurukuta rwateranijwe bukozwe muguhuza ibikoresho bitandukanye nka firime isize cyangwa isahani yamabara yamabara, icyatsi kibisi, igitambaro cyoroshye cyo gutwika ubushyuhe, igitereko cya minisiteri, nibindi. -ibibaho bya polystirene-sima;.Gukoresha ibikoresho bishya bitandukanye byo kubika ubushyuhe nibikoresho byo kubika ubushyuhe aho kuba urukuta gakondo rwisi kugirango wubake pariki yizuba ifite umwanya munini nubuhanga buto bwububatsi.Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byerekana ko ubushyuhe bwa pariki nijoro mugihe cyitumba kiri hejuru ya 4.5 ℃ hejuru yubwa pariki gakondo yubakishijwe amatafari, naho ubugari bwurukuta rwinyuma ni 166mm.Ugereranije na parike ya 600mm yubakishijwe amatafari yubakishijwe amatafari, ubuso bwigaruriwe nurukuta bwagabanutseho 72%, naho ikiguzi kuri metero kare ni 334.5, ni ukuvuga 157.2 yu munsi ugereranije n’icyatsi kibumba amatafari, hamwe n’igiciro cyo kubaka. yagabanutse cyane.Kubera iyo mpamvu, pariki yateranijwe ifite ibyiza byo kwangiza ubutaka budahingwa, kuzigama ubutaka, umuvuduko wubwubatsi bwihuse hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo gukora, kandi nicyerekezo cyingenzi cyo guhanga no guteza imbere pariki yizuba muri iki gihe ndetse no mugihe kizaza.

Kunyerera izuba

Ikiraro cya skateboard cyateranijwe n’ingufu zibika izuba ryakozwe na kaminuza y’ubuhinzi ya Shenyang ikoresha urukuta rwinyuma rwa parike yizuba kugirango ikore amazi azenguruka urukuta rwo kubika ubushyuhe no kuzamura ubushyuhe, bugizwe ahanini na pisine (32m³), isahani yo gukusanya urumuri (360m²), pompe y'amazi, umuyoboro w'amazi hamwe na mugenzuzi.Igikoresho cyoroshye cyo guhinduranya ubushyuhe gisimburwa nigikoresho gishya cyoroshye cyamabuye yubwoya bwamabara yicyuma hejuru.Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko iki gishushanyo gikemura neza ikibazo cya gables zifunga urumuri, kandi cyongera urumuri rwinjira muri parike.Inguni yo kumurika parike ni 41.5 °, ikaba iri hejuru ya 16 ° kurenza iyo pariki igenzura, bityo bigatuma urumuri rumurika.Ikwirakwizwa ry'ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu ni kimwe, kandi ibimera bikura neza.Pariki ifite ibyiza byo kunoza imikoreshereze yubutaka, gushushanya neza ingano ya pariki no kugabanya igihe cyubwubatsi, bifite akamaro kanini mukurinda umutungo wubutaka uhingwa nibidukikije.

Icyatsi kibisi

Ubuhinzi bwubuhinzi ni pariki ihuza ingufu zamashanyarazi yizuba, kugenzura ubushyuhe bwubwenge no gutera tekinoloji igezweho.Ifata igufwa ryamagufa yicyuma kandi itwikiriwe nizuba ryamafoto yizuba kugirango harebwe urumuri rwamashanyarazi yerekana amashanyarazi hamwe nibisabwa kumurika pariki yose.Umuyoboro utaziguye ukomoka ku mirasire y'izuba wuzuza mu buryo butaziguye urumuri rw’ibihingwa by’ubuhinzi, rushyigikira mu buryo butaziguye imikorere isanzwe y’ibikoresho bya pariki, bigatera kuhira umutungo w’amazi, byongera ubushyuhe bwa parike kandi biteza imbere ibihingwa byihuse.Module ya Photovoltaque murubu buryo izagira ingaruka kumurika hejuru yinzu ya parike, hanyuma igire ingaruka kumikurire isanzwe yimboga za parike.Kubwibyo, imiterere ishyize mu gaciro ifotora hejuru yinzu ya parike ihinduka ingingo yingenzi yo gusaba.Ubuhinzi bw’ubuhinzi n’ibicuruzwa biva mu buhinzi-bworozi n’ubuhinzi bw’ubuhinzi, kandi ni inganda z’ubuhinzi zigezweho zihuza amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi, gutembera mu buhinzi, ibihingwa by’ubuhinzi, ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi, imiterere n’iterambere ry’umuco.

Igishushanyo mbonera cyitsinda rya parike hamwe ningufu zingirakamaro muburyo butandukanye bwa pariki

Guo Wenzhong, umushakashatsi mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuhinzi n’Amashyamba rya Beijing, akoresha uburyo bwo gushyushya bwo guhererekanya ingufu hagati ya pariki kugira ngo akusanye ingufu z’ubushyuhe zisigaye muri pariki imwe cyangwa nyinshi kugira ngo ashyushya ikindi cyangwa pariki nyinshi.Ubu buryo bwo gushyushya butahura ihererekanyabubasha ryingufu za parike mugihe no mumwanya, bizamura imikoreshereze yingufu zamashanyarazi asigaye, kandi bigabanya ingufu zose zishyushya.Ubwoko bubiri bwa pariki burashobora kuba ubwoko butandukanye bwa pariki cyangwa ubwoko bumwe bwa parike yo gutera ibihingwa bitandukanye, nka salitusi na pariki yinyanya.Uburyo bwo gukusanya ubushyuhe burimo ahanini gukuramo ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere no guhagarika imirasire yibyabaye.Binyuze mu kwegeranya ingufu z'izuba, guhatirwa ku gahato no guhinduranya ubushyuhe no kuvoma ku gahato pompe yubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bwikirenga muri parike y’ingufu nyinshi bwakuwe mu gushyushya parike.

incamake

Iyi pariki nshya yizuba ifite ibyiza byo guterana byihuse, igihe cyubwubatsi kigufi no kuzamura imikoreshereze yubutaka.Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe kurushaho gucukumbura imikorere yibi biraro bishya ahantu hatandukanye, kandi bigatanga amahirwe yo kwamamara kwinshi no gukoresha pariki nshya.Muri icyo gihe, ni ngombwa gukomeza gushimangira ikoreshwa ry’ingufu n’ibikoresho bishya muri pariki, kugira ngo bitange ingufu zo kuvugurura imiterere y’ibihingwa.

Ibyiringiro by'ejo hazaza no gutekereza

Ibiraro gakondo bikunze kugira imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe, nko gukoresha ingufu nyinshi, gukoresha ubutaka buke, gutwara igihe no gukoresha akazi, imikorere mibi, nibindi, bitagishoboye guhaza umusaruro ukenewe mubuhinzi bugezweho, kandi byanze bikunze bigenda buhoro buhoro. yakuweho.Niyo mpamvu, ni inzira yiterambere yo gukoresha amasoko mashya yingufu nkizuba, ingufu za biyomasi, ingufu za geothermal ningufu zumuyaga, ibikoresho bishya byangiza parike hamwe nigishushanyo gishya cyo guteza imbere ihinduka ryimiterere ya parike.Mbere ya byose, pariki nshya itwarwa ningufu nshya nibikoresho bishya ntibigomba gusa guhuza ibikenerwa byimashini, ahubwo bizigama ingufu, ubutaka nigiciro.Icya kabiri, birakenewe guhora dushakisha imikorere ya pariki nshya mu bice bitandukanye, kugirango ibintu bishoboke kugirango habeho gukwirakwiza pariki nini.Mu bihe biri imbere, dukwiye kurushaho gushakisha ingufu nshya nibikoresho bishya bikwiranye no gukoresha pariki, kandi tugashaka guhuza imbaraga nshya, ibikoresho bishya na pariki, kugirango tubashe kubaka pariki nshya ifite igiciro gito, iyubakwa rigufi. gihe, gukoresha ingufu nke nibikorwa byiza, bifasha imiterere ya parike guhinduka no guteza imbere iterambere rya kijyambere rya pariki mubushinwa.

Nubwo ikoreshwa ryingufu nshya, ibikoresho bishya nigishushanyo gishya mubwubatsi bwa pariki ari inzira byanze bikunze, haracyari ibibazo byinshi bigomba kwigwa no gutsinda: (1) Ibiciro byubwubatsi byiyongera.Ugereranije no gushyushya gakondo hamwe namakara, gaze gasanzwe cyangwa peteroli, ikoreshwa ryingufu nshya nibikoresho bishya byangiza ibidukikije kandi nta mwanda uhari, ariko ibiciro byubwubatsi byiyongereye cyane, ibyo bikaba bifite ingaruka zimwe mukuzamura ishoramari ryumusaruro nigikorwa .Ugereranije no gukoresha ingufu, ibiciro byibikoresho bishya biziyongera cyane.(2) Gukoresha bidasubirwaho ingufu zubushyuhe.Inyungu nini yo gukoresha ingufu nshya ni igiciro gito cyo gukora no kohereza imyuka ya dioxyde de carbone nkeya, ariko itangwa ryingufu nubushyuhe ntirihungabana, kandi iminsi yibicu iba ikintu kinini kigabanya imikoreshereze yizuba.Mubikorwa byo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwa biomass hakoreshejwe fermentation, gukoresha neza izo mbaraga bigarukira kubibazo byingufu zubushyuhe buke bwa fermentation, gucunga no kugenzura bigoye, hamwe nububiko bunini bwo gutwara ibikoresho bibisi.(3) Gukura mu ikoranabuhanga.Izi tekinoroji zikoreshwa ningufu nshya nibikoresho bishya nubushakashatsi bugezweho nibikorwa byagezweho mu ikoranabuhanga, kandi aho bikoreshwa nubunini biracyari bike.Ntabwo banyuze inshuro nyinshi, imbuga nyinshi hamwe nini nini yo kugenzura imyitozo, kandi byanze bikunze hariho ibitagenda neza hamwe nibikoresho bya tekiniki bigomba kunozwa mubisabwa.Abakoresha bakunze guhakana iterambere ryikoranabuhanga kubera intege nke.(4) Igipimo cyikoranabuhanga cyinjira ni gito.Gukoresha kwinshi mubikorwa bya siyansi nubuhanga bisaba gukundwa runaka.Kugeza ubu, ingufu nshya, ikoranabuhanga rishya hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo gushushanya pariki byose biri mu itsinda ry’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi muri kaminuza bifite ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya, kandi benshi mu basaba tekinike cyangwa abashushanya ntibabizi;Muri icyo gihe, kumenyekanisha no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya biracyari bike cyane kubera ko ibikoresho by'ibanze by'ikoranabuhanga rishya byemewe.(5) Guhuza ingufu nshya, ibikoresho bishya hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cya pariki bigomba kurushaho gushimangirwa.Kuberako ingufu, ibikoresho hamwe nubushakashatsi bwa parike biri mubyiciro bitatu bitandukanye, impano zifite uburambe bwo gushushanya pariki akenshi zibura ubushakashatsi kubyerekeranye ningufu za parike n'ibikoresho, naho ubundi;Kubwibyo, abashakashatsi bujyanye ningufu nibikoresho ubushakashatsi bakeneye gushimangira iperereza no gusobanukirwa ibikenewe byiterambere ryinganda zangiza parike, kandi abashushanya imiterere nabo bagomba kwiga ibikoresho bishya nimbaraga nshya kugirango bateze imbere ubumwe bwimbitse bwimibanire itatu, kugirango babigereho intego ya tekinoroji yubushakashatsi bwa pariki, igiciro gito cyubwubatsi ningaruka nziza yo gukoresha.Hashingiwe ku bibazo byavuzwe haruguru, hasabwa ko leta, inzego z’ibanze n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi mu bya siyansi bigomba gukaza umurego mu bushakashatsi bwa tekiniki, bigakora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, gushimangira kumenyekanisha ibyagezweho mu bumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, kunoza kumenyekanisha ibyagezweho, no kubimenya vuba intego yingufu nshya nibikoresho bishya bifasha iterambere rishya ryinganda zangiza parike.

Amakuru yatanzwe

Li Jianming, Sun Guotao, Li Haojie, Li Rui, Hu Yixin.Ingufu nshya, ibikoresho bishya nigishushanyo gishya bifasha impinduramatwara nshya ya pariki [J].Imboga, 2022, (10): 1-8.