Abstract: Ingemwe z'imboga nintambwe yambere mugutanga imboga, kandi ubwiza bwingemwe ningirakamaro cyane kumusaruro nubwiza bwimboga nyuma yo gutera.Hamwe nogukomeza kunoza igabana ryimirimo munganda zimboga, ingemwe zimboga zagiye zikora urwego rwigenga rwigenga kandi rutanga umusaruro wimboga.Biterwa nikirere kibi, uburyo bwo gutera ingemwe byanze bikunze guhura nibibazo byinshi nko gukura buhoro kwingemwe, gukura kwamaguru, nudukoko nindwara.Kugira ngo uhangane ningemwe zemewe, abahinzi benshi bakoresha ubucuruzi bugenzura imikurire.Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, hari ingorane zo gukomera kwingemwe, kwihaza mu biribwa no kwanduza ibidukikije hifashishijwe imiti igenzura imikurire.Usibye uburyo bwo kugenzura imiti, nubwo gukanika imashini, ubushyuhe no kugenzura amazi bishobora no kugira uruhare mukurinda gukura kwingemwe zatewe ningemwe, ntabwo byoroshye kandi byiza.Ingaruka z’icyorezo gishya cya Covid-19 ku isi, ibibazo by’ingutu zo gucunga umusaruro biterwa n’ibura ry’abakozi ndetse n’izamuka ry’abakozi mu nganda z’ingemwe byagaragaye cyane.

Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryamatara, gukoresha urumuri rwubukorikori mu kuzamura ingemwe zimboga bifite ibyiza byo gutera ingemwe nyinshi, udukoko nindwara nkeya, hamwe nubuziranenge bworoshye.Ugereranije n’umucyo gakondo, ibisekuru bishya byurumuri rwa LED bifite ibiranga kuzigama ingufu, gukora neza, kuramba, kurengera ibidukikije no kuramba, ubunini buto, imirasire yumuriro muke, hamwe na amplitude ntoya.Irashobora gukora urwego rukwiye ukurikije imikurire niterambere bikenerwa ningemwe zidukikije mu nganda z’ibimera, kandi ikagenzura neza imikorere ya physiologique na metabolike y’ingemwe, icyarimwe, ikagira uruhare mu gutanga umusaruro udafite umwanda, usanzwe kandi wihuse w’ingemwe z’imboga; , kandi bigabanya uruziga.Mu Bushinwa bwo mu majyepfo, bifata iminsi igera kuri 60 yo guhinga ingemwe z'urusenda n'inyanya (amababi y'ukuri 3-4) muri pariki ya pulasitike, n'iminsi igera kuri 35 ku mbuto z'imyumbati (amababi y'ukuri 3-5).Mugihe cyuruganda rwibimera, bisaba iminsi 17 gusa yo guhinga ingemwe zinyanya niminsi 25 kubibuto byimbuto mugihe cya fotoperiod ya 20 h na PPF ya 200-300 μ mol / (m2 • s).Ugereranije n’uburyo busanzwe bwo guhinga ingemwe muri pariki, gukoresha uburyo bwo guhinga ingemwe z’uruganda rwa LED byagabanije cyane imikurire y’imyumbati iminsi 15-30, kandi umubare w’indabyo n’imbuto ku bagore wiyongereyeho 33.8% na 37.3% , kimwe, kandi umusaruro mwinshi wariyongereyeho 71.44%.

Kubijyanye no gukoresha ingufu neza, gukoresha ingufu zinganda zinganda birarenze ibyo muri parike yo mu bwoko bwa Venlo ku burebure bumwe.Kurugero, mu ruganda rw’ibihingwa rwo muri Suwede, 1411 MJ isabwa kubyara kg 1 y’ibintu byumye bya salitusi, mu gihe 1699 MJ isabwa muri pariki.Nyamara, niba amashanyarazi asabwa kuri kilo yumutungo wumye wabazwe, uruganda rwuruganda rukenera 247 kW · h kugirango rutange ibiro 1 byumye bya salitusi, naho pariki zo muri Suwede, Ubuholandi, n’Ubumwe bw’Abarabu zisaba 182 kWt · h, 70 kW · h, na 111 kW · h.

Muri icyo gihe, mu ruganda rw’uruganda, gukoresha mudasobwa, ibikoresho byikora, ubwenge bw’ubukorikori n’ubundi buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga birashobora kugenzura neza ibidukikije bikwiranye no guhinga ingemwe, gukuraho imbogamizi z’ibidukikije, no kumenya abanyabwenge, imashini kandi yumwaka umusaruro uhamye wo gutanga ingemwe.Mu myaka yashize, ingemwe z’uruganda zikoreshwa mu bucuruzi bw’imboga zifite amababi, imboga z’imbuto n’ibindi bihingwa by’ubukungu mu Buyapani, Koreya yepfo, Uburayi na Amerika ndetse no mu bindi bihugu.Ishoramari ryinshi ryambere ryinganda zinganda, amafaranga menshi yo gukora, hamwe nogukoresha ingufu nyinshi za sisitemu biracyari inzitizi zigabanya iterambere ryiterambere ry’ubuhinzi bw’ingemwe mu nganda z’ibihingwa by’Ubushinwa.Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe kuzirikana ibisabwa byumusaruro mwinshi no kuzigama ingufu mubijyanye ningamba zo gucunga urumuri, gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukura imboga, nibikoresho byikora kugirango bitezimbere inyungu zubukungu.

Muri iyi ngingo, harasuzumwa ingaruka z’umucyo wa LED ku mikurire n’iterambere ry’ingemwe z’imboga mu nganda z’ibimera mu myaka yashize, harebwa icyerekezo cy’ubushakashatsi bwo kugenzura urumuri rw’ingemwe z’imboga mu nganda z’ibimera.

1. Ingaruka z’ibidukikije byoroheje ku mikurire niterambere ryimbuto zimboga

Nka kimwe mu bintu byingenzi bidukikije bikura no gukura kw’ibimera, urumuri ntabwo ari isoko y’ingufu gusa ku bimera gukora fotosintezeza, ahubwo ni ikimenyetso cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kuri Photomorphogenez.Ibimera byumva icyerekezo, ingufu nubwiza bwurumuri rwibimenyetso binyuze muri sisitemu yumucyo, bigenga imikurire yabo niterambere ryabyo, kandi bigasubiza kuboneka cyangwa kutabaho, uburebure bwumuraba, ubukana nigihe cyumucyo.Kugeza ubu ibimera bifotora bizwi byibuze byibuze ibyiciro bitatu: phytochromes (PHYA ~ PHYE) yunva itara ritukura kandi ritukura cyane (FR), cryptochromes (CRY1 na CRY2) byumva ubururu na ultraviolet A, nibintu (Phot1 na Phot2), the UV-B yakira UVR8 yumva UV-B.Izi fotorepteptor zigira uruhare mukugenzura imiterere ya genes zifitanye isano hanyuma zikagenga ibikorwa byubuzima nko kumera kwimbuto yibihingwa, Photomorphogenez, igihe cyo kurabyo, synthesis hamwe no kwegeranya metabolite ya kabiri, no kwihanganira imihangayiko ya biotic na abiotic.

2. Ingaruka zumucyo wa LED kumiterere ya Photomorphologie yingemwe zimboga

2.1 Ingaruka zubwiza butandukanye bwurumuri kuri Photomorphogenezi yimbuto zimboga

Uturere dutukura nubururu bwa specran dufite kwumumanti mwinshi wo gufotora ibibabi byamafoto.Nyamara, kumara igihe kinini amababi yimbuto yumucyo utukura byangiza sisitemu yifoto, bikavamo ibintu bya "syndrome yumucyo utukura" nko guhagarika stomatal, kugabanuka kwubushobozi bwa fotosintetike no gukoresha azote, no kudindira gukura.Mugihe cyumucyo muke (100 ± 5 μ mol / (m2 • s)), urumuri rutukura rushobora kwangiza chloroplasts yamababi akiri mato akuze kandi akuze, ariko chloroplasts yangiritse yagaruwe nyuma yo guhindurwa mumatara yumutuku utukura; kumatuku nubururu (R: B = 7: 3).Ibinyuranye na byo, iyo ibihingwa byimyumbati byahindutse biva mu mucyo utukura-ubururu bikagera ku mucyo utukura, imikorere ya fotosintetike ntiyagabanutse cyane, byerekana guhuza n’ibidukikije bitukura.Hifashishijwe isesengura rya microscope ya elegitoronike yerekana imiterere y’amababi y’ingemwe zifite “syndrome yumucyo utukura”, abashakashatsi basanze umubare wa chloroplasts, ingano ya granules, hamwe nubunini bwa grana mumababi munsi yumucyo utukura wari munsi ugereranije nuwari munsi kuvura urumuri rwera.Kwifashisha urumuri rwubururu bitezimbere ultrastructure hamwe na fotosintetike biranga imyumbati ya chloroplasts kandi ikuraho kwirundanya cyane kwintungamubiri.Ugereranije n’umucyo wera n’urumuri rutukura nubururu, urumuri rutukura rwateje imbere kurambura hypocotyl no kwaguka kwa cotyledon kwingemwe zinyanya, byongera cyane uburebure bwibiti nubuso bwibabi, ariko byagabanije cyane ubushobozi bwa fotosintezitike, bigabanya ibivugwa na Rubisco hamwe nubushobozi bwo gufotora, kandi byongera cyane gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe.Birashobora kugaragara ko ubwoko butandukanye bwibimera bwitabira muburyo butandukanye kumiterere yumucyo umwe, ariko ugereranije numucyo umwe, ibimera bifite fotosintezeza ikora neza kandi bikura cyane mubidukikije byumucyo uvanze.

Abashakashatsi bakoze ubushakashatsi bwinshi ku bijyanye no kuzamura urumuri rwiza rw’ingemwe z’imboga.Munsi yumucyo umwe, hamwe no kwiyongera kwumubare wumucyo utukura, uburebure bwigihingwa nuburemere bushya bwingemwe ninyanya nimbuto za cucumber byateye imbere cyane, kandi kuvura hamwe nikigereranyo cyumutuku nubururu bwa 3: 1 byagize ingaruka nziza;Ibinyuranye, igipimo kinini cyurumuri rwubururu Byabujije imikurire yingemwe zinyanya nimbuto, byari bigufi kandi byoroshye, ariko byongera ibirimo byumye na chlorophyll mumashami yingemwe.Imiterere nkiyi igaragara mubindi bihingwa, nka pepper na garizone.Byongeye kandi, ugereranije numucyo wera, itara nubururu (R: B = 3: 1) ntabwo byateje imbere gusa umubyimba wamababi, ibirimo chlorophyll, imikorere ya fotosintezitike hamwe nogukoresha electroni yingemwe zinyanya, ariko kandi urwego rwo kwerekana imisemburo ifitanye isano kugeza kuri Calvin cycle, imikurire yibikomoka ku bimera hamwe no kwegeranya karubone nabyo byateye imbere cyane.Ugereranije ibipimo bibiri byumucyo utukura nubururu (R: B = 2: 1, 4: 1), igipimo kinini cyurumuri rwubururu cyagize uruhare runini mu gutuma habaho indabyo zumugore mu ngemwe zimbuto kandi byihutisha igihe cyo kurabyo kwindabyo zumugore. .Nubwo ibipimo bitandukanye byurumuri rutukura nubururu nta ngaruka nini byagize ku musaruro mushya w’ibiti bya kale, arugula, na sinapi, igipimo kinini cy’urumuri rwubururu (30% yumucyo wubururu) cyagabanije cyane uburebure bwa hypocotyl hamwe na cotyledon ya kale n'ingemwe za sinapi, mugihe ibara rya cotyledon ryimbitse.Kubwibyo, mukubyara ingemwe, kwiyongera gukwiye kwumubare wumucyo wubururu birashobora kugabanya cyane intera yumwanya hamwe nibibabi byingemwe zimboga, bigatera kwaguka kwingemwe zingemwe, no kunoza igipimo cyingufu zingemwe, zifasha guhinga ingemwe zikomeye.Mugihe urumuri rwinshi rutagihindutse, kwiyongera kwurumuri rwicyatsi mumatara yumutuku nubururu byazamuye cyane uburemere bushya, agace k'ibabi hamwe nuburebure bwibiti byingemwe nziza.Ugereranije n’itara gakondo rya fluorescent yera, munsi yumutuku-icyatsi-ubururu (R3: G2: B5) urumuri, Y [II], qP na ETR y 'ingemwe za' Okagi No 1 'zateye imbere cyane.Kwiyongera k'urumuri rwa UV (100 μ mol / (m2 • s) itara ry'ubururu + 7% UV-A) kumuri yubururu bwera byagabanije cyane umuvuduko wo kurambura uruti rwa arugula na sinapi, mugihe kuzuza FR byari bitandukanye.Ibi birerekana kandi ko usibye urumuri rutukura nubururu, izindi mico yumucyo nayo igira uruhare runini mugikorwa cyo gukura no gukura.Nubwo nta mucyo ultraviolet cyangwa FR ari isoko yingufu za fotosintezeza, byombi bigira uruhare mu gufotora ibimera.Umucyo mwinshi UV yangiza gutera ADN na proteyine, nibindi, ariko, urumuri rwa UV rutera ibibazo byimikorere ya selile, bigatera impinduka mumikurire yibimera, morphologie niterambere kugirango bihuze nimpinduka zibidukikije.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko R / FR yo hasi itera igisubizo cyo kwirinda igicucu ku bimera, bikavamo ihinduka ryimiterere yibimera, nko kurambura ibiti, kunaniza amababi, no kugabanya umusaruro wumye.Igishishwa cyoroshye ntabwo ari ikintu cyiza cyo gukura cyo gukura ingemwe zikomeye.Muri rusange ingemwe z'imboga zifite amababi n'imbuto, ingemwe zikomeye, zegeranye kandi zoroshye ntabwo zikunda ibibazo mugihe cyo gutwara no gutera.

UV-A irashobora gutuma ibihingwa byimbuto byimbuto bigufi kandi bigahinduka, kandi umusaruro nyuma yo guterwa ntaho utandukaniye cyane nubugenzuzi;mugihe UV-B ifite ingaruka zikomeye zo kubuza, kandi ingaruka zo kugabanya umusaruro nyuma yo guterwa ntabwo ari ngombwa.Ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwagaragaje ko UV-A ibuza imikurire y’ibihingwa kandi bigatuma ibimera bitagaragara.Ariko hari ibimenyetso bigenda byiyongera byerekana ko kuba UV-A ihari, aho guhagarika biomass y ibihingwa, mubyukuri biteza imbere.Ugereranije n’umucyo wibanze wumutuku numweru (R: W = 2: 3, PPFD ni 250 μ mol / (m2 · s)), ubukana bwiyongera mumucyo utukura numweru ni 10 W / m2 (hafi 10 μ mol / (m2 · s).Buri munsi 2 h UV-A inyongera (0.45 J / (m2 • s)) irashobora kongera cyane uburebure bwigihingwa, agace ka cotyledon hamwe nuburemere bushya bwingemwe zinyanya 'Oxheart', mugihe hagabanijwe H2O2 yibiti byinyanya.Birashobora kugaragara ko ibihingwa bitandukanye bitabira urumuri rwa UV, bishobora kuba bifitanye isano no kumva ibihingwa kumuri UV.

Kugirango uhinge ingemwe zashizwemo, uburebure bwuruti bugomba kongerwa muburyo bukwiye kugirango byoroshe gushinga imizi.Imbaraga zinyuranye za FR zagize ingaruka zitandukanye kumikurire yinyanya, pepper, imyumbati, gourd na watermelon.Kwiyongera kwa 18.9 μ mol / (m2 • s) ya FR mu mucyo wera ukonje byongereye cyane uburebure bwa hypocotyl hamwe na diameter yumuti winyanya nimbuto;FR ya 34.1 μ mol / (m2 • s) yagize ingaruka nziza mugutezimbere uburebure bwa hypocotyl hamwe na diameter yumuti wa combre, gourd na watermelon;ubukana bwinshi FR (53.4 μ mol / (m2 • s)) byagize ingaruka nziza kuri izo mboga eshanu.Uburebure bwa hypocotyl hamwe na diameter ya stem yingemwe ntizongera kwiyongera cyane, kandi zitangira kwerekana inzira yo kumanuka.Uburemere bushya bw'ingemwe z'urusenda bwaragabanutse cyane, byerekana ko agaciro ka FR kuzuza ingemwe zitanu z'imboga zose kari munsi ya 53.4 μ mol / (m2 • s), kandi agaciro ka FR kari munsi cyane ugereranije na FR.Ingaruka ku mikurire y'ingemwe zitandukanye z'imboga nazo ziratandukanye.

2.2 Ingaruka zumucyo utandukanye wumunsi kuri Photomorphogenezi yimbuto zimboga

Daylight Integral (DLI) yerekana umubare wuzuye wa fotosintetike ya fotosintetike yakiriwe nubuso bwigihingwa kumunsi, ibyo bikaba bifitanye isano nubushyuhe bwumucyo nigihe cyumucyo.Inzira yo kubara ni DLI (mol / m2 / umunsi) = ubukana bwurumuri [μmol / (m2 • s)] time Igihe cyumucyo wa buri munsi (h) × 3600 × 10-6.Mubidukikije bifite ubukana buke bwumucyo, ibimera byitabira ibidukikije bito byongerera uruti nuburebure bwa internode, kongera uburebure bwibimera, uburebure bwa petiole nubuso bwibabi, no kugabanya umubyimba wamababi nigipimo cya fotosintetike.Hamwe no kwiyongera k'umucyo, usibye sinapi, uburebure bwa hypocotyl hamwe no kurambura uruti rwa arugula, imyumbati hamwe na kale ingemwe zifite urumuri rumwe byagabanutse cyane.Birashobora kugaragara ko ingaruka zumucyo kumikurire yikimera na morfogenezi zifitanye isano nuburemere bwurumuri nubwoko bwibimera.Ubwiyongere bwa DLI (8.64 ~ 28.8 mol / m2 / kumunsi), ubwoko bwibimera bwingemwe zimbuto bwabaye bugufi, bukomeye kandi bworoshye, kandi uburemere bwibabi bwihariye nibirimo chlorophyll byagabanutse buhoro buhoro.Iminsi 6 ~ 16 nyuma yo kubiba ingemwe zimbuto, amababi n'imizi yarumye.Ibiro byiyongereye buhoro buhoro, kandi umuvuduko wo gukura wihuta buhoro, ariko nyuma yiminsi 16 kugeza 21 nyuma yo kubiba, umuvuduko wamababi n imizi yingemwe zimbuto byagabanutse cyane.DLI yazamuye yazamuye igipimo cya net fotosintezitike yingemwe zimbuto, ariko nyuma yagaciro runaka, igipimo cyamafoto ya neti cyatangiye kugabanuka.Kubwibyo, guhitamo DLI ikwiye no gufata ingamba zinyuranye zumucyo mubyiciro bitandukanye byo gukura kwingemwe birashobora kugabanya gukoresha ingufu.Ibiri mu isukari ibora hamwe na enzyme ya SOD mu mbuto zimbuto n inyanya byiyongereye hamwe no kwiyongera kwa DLI.Iyo ubukana bwa DLI bwiyongereye kuva kuri 7.47 mol / m2 / kumunsi bugera kuri 11.26 mol / m2 / kumunsi, ibirimo isukari ishonga hamwe na enzyme ya SOD mu ngemwe zimbuto byiyongereyeho 81.03%, na 55.5%.Mubihe bimwe bya DLI, hamwe no kwiyongera kwurumuri no kugabanya igihe cyumucyo, ibikorwa bya PSII byingemwe zinyanya nimbuto byabujijwe, kandi guhitamo ingamba zumucyo wongeyeho imbaraga zumucyo muke hamwe nigihe kirekire byafashaga guhinga ingemwe ndende indangantego hamwe na Photochemiki ikora neza yimbuto nimbuto.

Mu kubyara ingemwe zatewe, ibidukikije bito bito bishobora gutuma igabanuka ryubwiza bw ingemwe zatewe no kwiyongera mugihe cyo gukira.Umucyo ukwiye ntushobora gusa kongera ubushobozi bwo guhuza ahakorewe gukira no kunoza urutonde rwingemwe zikomeye, ariko kandi bigabanya imyanya yumurabyo wumugore kandi byongera umubare windabyo zumugore.Mu nganda z’ibimera, DLI ya 2,5-7.5 mol / m2 / kumunsi yari ihagije kugirango ibikenewe bikire byatewe ningemwe zatewe ninyanya.Ubunini hamwe nububabi bwibabi byatewe ningemwe zinyanya byiyongereye cyane hamwe no kongera ubukana bwa DLI.Ibi byerekana ko ingemwe zidakenewe zidasaba ubukana bwumucyo mwinshi kugirango ukire.Kubwibyo, ukurikije ingufu zikoreshwa n’ibidukikije, guhitamo ubukana bwumucyo bikwiye bizafasha kuzamura inyungu zubukungu.

3. Ingaruka zumucyo wa LED kumurwanya watewe ningemwe zimboga

Ibimera byakira ibimenyetso by’urumuri biva hanze bifotora, bigatera guhuza no kwegeranya molekile yikimenyetso mu gihingwa, bityo bigahindura imikurire n'imikorere yingingo z’ibimera, kandi amaherezo bikazamura igihingwa kirwanya imihangayiko.Ubwiza butandukanye bwumucyo bugira uruhare runini mugutezimbere kwihanganira ubukonje no kwihanganira umunyu.Kurugero, mugihe ingemwe zinyanya zongerewe numucyo mumasaha 4 nijoro, ugereranije nubuvuzi butagira urumuri rwiyongera, urumuri rwera, itara ritukura, urumuri rwubururu, numucyo utukura nubururu bishobora kugabanya amashanyarazi ya electrolyte hamwe na MDA yibiti byinyanya, no kunoza kwihanganira ubukonje.Ibikorwa bya SOD, POD na CAT mu ngemwe zinyanya bivurwa 8: 2 igipimo cyumutuku-ubururu cyari hejuru cyane ugereranije nubundi buvuzi, kandi byari bifite ubushobozi bwa antioxydeant no kwihanganira ubukonje.

Ingaruka za UV-B kumikurire ya soya ahanini ni ukunoza imihangayiko yibihingwa byongera ibiyigize mumizi OYA na ROS, harimo imisemburo yerekana imisemburo ya molekile nka ABA, SA, na JA, ikanabuza iterambere ryumuzi kugabanya ibikubiye muri IAA , CTK, na GA.Photoreceptor ya UV-B, UVR8, ntabwo igira uruhare mukugenzura Photomorphogenez gusa, ahubwo igira uruhare runini mukibazo cya UV-B.Mu ngemwe z'inyanya, UVR8 ihuza guhuza no kwegeranya anthocyanine, kandi ingemwe zo mu gasozi zemewe na UV zongerera ubushobozi ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'imihangayiko ikomeye UV-B.Ariko rero, guhuza UV-B n’imihindagurikire y’amapfa yatewe na Arabidopsis ntibiterwa n'inzira ya UVR8, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko UV-B ikora nk'ikimenyetso giterwa no guhuza uburyo bwo kwirinda ibimera, ku buryo imisemburo itandukanye iba hamwe. agira uruhare mukurwanya amapfa, kongera ubushobozi bwa ROS bwo gushakisha.

Kurambura ibimera hypocotyl cyangwa stem biterwa na FR hamwe no guhuza ibimera na stress ikonje bigengwa na hormone yibimera.Kubwibyo, "ingaruka zo kwirinda igicucu" zatewe na FR zifitanye isano no guhuza n'imbeho n'ibimera.Abashakashatsi bongereye ingemwe za sayiri nyuma yiminsi 18 nyuma yo kumera kuri 15 ° C muminsi 10, gukonja kugeza kuri 5 ° C + hiyongeraho FR muminsi 7, basanga ugereranije no kuvura urumuri rwera, FR yongereye ubukonje bwimbuto za sayiri.Iyi nzira iherekejwe no Kwiyongera kwa ABA na IAA mu ngemwe za sayiri.Kwimura nyuma ya 15 ° C FR yatewe ningemwe za sayiri kuri 5 ° C hanyuma gukomeza kongererwa FR muminsi 7 byavuyemo ibisubizo bisa nubuvuzi bubiri bwavuzwe haruguru, ariko bigabanya igisubizo cya ABA.Ibimera bifite agaciro ka R: FR bigenzura biosynthesis ya phytohormone (GA, IAA, CTK, na ABA), nabyo bigira uruhare mukwihanganira umunyu mubihingwa.Mugihe cyumunyu mwinshi, igipimo gito R: FR ibidukikije byoroheje birashobora kongera ubushobozi bwa antioxydeant na fotosintezitike yingemwe zinyanya, kugabanya umusaruro wa ROS na MDA mu ngemwe, no kunoza kwihanganira umunyu.Byombi guhangayikishwa nubunyu hamwe na R: FR agaciro (R: FR = 0.8) yabujije biosynthesis ya chlorophyll, ishobora kuba ifitanye isano no guhagarika PBG na UroIII muburyo bwa synthesis ya chlorophyll, mugihe ibidukikije R: FR bishobora kugabanya neza. umunyu Stress-iterwa no kugabanuka kwa chlorophyll.Ibisubizo byerekana isano iri hagati ya phytochromes no kwihanganira umunyu.

Usibye ibidukikije byoroheje, ibindi bintu bidukikije bigira ingaruka no gukura nubwiza bwingemwe zimboga.Kurugero, ubwiyongere bwa CO2 buzamura urumuri rwuzuye agaciro Pn (Pnmax), kugabanya aho indishyi zumucyo, no kunoza imikorere yumucyo.Ubwiyongere bwurumuri rwinshi hamwe nubushakashatsi bwa CO2 bifasha kunoza ibikubiye muri pigment ya fotosintezitike, gukoresha neza amazi nibikorwa bya enzymes zijyanye na cycle ya Calvin, hanyuma amaherezo ukagera kubikorwa byiza bya fotosintetike hamwe no kwegeranya biomass ingemwe zinyanya.Uburemere bwumye hamwe nubusobekerane bwinyanya nimbuto byimbuto byari bifitanye isano neza na DLI, kandi ihinduka ryubushyuhe naryo ryagize ingaruka kumikurire mugihe kimwe cya DLI.Ibidukikije bya 23 ~ 25 ℃ byari bikwiranye no gukura kwingemwe zinyanya.Ukurikije ubushyuhe n’imiterere y’umucyo, abashakashatsi bakoze uburyo bwo guhanura umuvuduko ukabije w’urusenda rushingiye ku buryo bwo gukwirakwiza bate, rushobora gutanga ubumenyi bwa siyansi mu bijyanye no kubungabunga ibidukikije ku musaruro w’ingemwe zatewe.

Kubwibyo, mugihe hateguwe gahunda yo kugenzura urumuri mumusaruro, ntabwo hagomba gutekerezwa gusa kubintu bidukikije byoroheje n’ibimera by’ibimera, ahubwo hagomba no gutekerezwa ku guhinga no gucunga imirire y’imirire n’imicungire y’amazi, ibidukikije bya gaze, ubushyuhe, n’ikura ry’ingemwe.

4. Ibibazo n'ibitekerezo

Icya mbere, kugenzura urumuri rwingemwe zimboga ninzira igoye, kandi ingaruka zumucyo utandukanye kumoko atandukanye yingemwe zimboga mubidukikije byuruganda rugomba gusesengurwa birambuye.Ibi bivuze ko kugirango ugere ku ntego yo gutanga umusaruro mwinshi kandi wujuje ubuziranenge, hasabwa ubushakashatsi buhoraho kugira ngo hashyizweho uburyo bwa tekinike bukuze.

Icya kabiri, nubwo igipimo cyo gukoresha ingufu zitanga urumuri rwa LED kiri hejuru cyane, ingufu zikoreshwa mumatara yibihingwa nizo mbaraga nyamukuru zikoreshwa muguhinga ingemwe hakoreshejwe urumuri rwubukorikori.Ingufu nini zikoreshwa mu nganda z’ibihingwa ziracyari icyuho kibuza iterambere ry’inganda.

Hanyuma, hamwe nogukoresha urumuri rwibihingwa mubuhinzi, ibiciro byamatara ya LED biteganijwe ko bizagabanuka cyane mugihe kizaza;ku rundi ruhande, izamuka ry’ibiciro by’umurimo, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’icyorezo cy’icyorezo, kubura abakozi byanze bikunze biteza imbere uburyo bwo gukoresha imashini no gutangiza umusaruro.Mu bihe biri imbere, uburyo bwo kugenzura bushingiye ku bwenge bushingiye ku bwenge hamwe n’ibikoresho bikoresha ubwenge bizahinduka bumwe mu buhanga bw’ibanze bwo gutanga ingemwe z’imboga, kandi buzakomeza guteza imbere iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’inganda.

Abanditsi: Jiehui Tan, Houcheng Liu
Inkomoko yingingo: Wechat konte yubuhanga bwubuhinzi bwubuhinzi (parike ya parike)