[Abstract] Dushingiye ku mubare munini wamakuru yubushakashatsi, iyi ngingo iraganira ku bibazo byinshi byingenzi mu gutoranya ubuziranenge bw’uruganda mu nganda z’ibimera, harimo guhitamo inkomoko y’umucyo, ingaruka z’urumuri rutukura, ubururu n’umuhondo, no guhitamo ibitaramo intera, kugirango itange ubushishozi kumiterere yumucyo muruganda rwibimera.Icyemezo cyo guhuza ingamba gitanga ibisubizo bifatika bishobora gukoreshwa mubisobanuro.
Guhitamo isoko yumucyo

Inganda zihingwa muri rusange zikoresha amatara ya LED.Ni ukubera ko amatara ya LED afite ibiranga imikorere yumucyo mwinshi, gukoresha ingufu nke, kubyara ubushyuhe buke, kuramba hamwe nubushyuhe bwumucyo hamwe nubunini, ntibishobora gusa kuzuza ibisabwa kugirango imikurire yikimera no kwegeranya ibintu neza, ariko kandi bizigama ingufu, kugabanya kubyara ingufu nigiciro cyamashanyarazi.Amatara akura ya LED arashobora kugabanywamo kabiri-chip yagutse-yerekana amatara ya LED kumpamvu rusange, itara rimwe-ryihariye-ryihariye-ryamatara ya LED, hamwe na chip-nyinshi ihuriweho hamwe n’amatara ya LED.Igiciro cyubwoko bubiri bwa nyuma bwamatara yihariye ya LED muri rusange arenze inshuro 5 ayo matara asanzwe ya LED, bityo urumuri rutandukanye rugomba gutoranywa ukurikije intego zitandukanye.Ku nganda nini zihingwa, ubwoko bwibimera bakura burahinduka nibisabwa ku isoko.Kugirango ugabanye ibiciro byubwubatsi kandi ntibigire ingaruka cyane mubikorwa byumusaruro, umwanditsi arasaba gukoresha imashini nini ya LED ya chipi kumurika rusange nkisoko yumucyo.Ku ruganda ruto rw’ibihingwa, niba ubwoko bwibimera butunganijwe neza, kugirango ubone umusaruro mwinshi nubwiza butarinze kongera igiciro cyubwubatsi, imashini nini ya LED kumashanyarazi yihariye cyangwa kumurika rusange irashobora gukoreshwa nkisoko yumucyo.Niba ari ukwiga ingaruka zumucyo kumikurire yikimera no kwegeranya ibintu bifatika, kugirango hatangwe formula nziza yumucyo mwinshi mwinshi mugihe kizaza, chip-nyinshi ihuza urumuri rushobora guhinduka amatara ya LED arashobora gukoreshwa muguhindura ibintu nkuburemere bwumucyo, spekure nigihe cyumucyo kugirango ubone formula nziza yumucyo kuri buri gihingwa kugirango gitange ishingiro ryumusaruro munini.

Itara ritukura n'ubururu

Kubyerekeranye nibisubizo byihariye byubushakashatsi, iyo ibirimo urumuri rutukura (R) ruri hejuru yurumuri rwubururu (B) (salitusi R: B = 6: 2 na 7: 3; epinari R: B = 4: ; , nibindi) byari hejuru, ariko diameter yumuti nigipimo gikomeye cyingemwe cyibiti byari binini mugihe urumuri rwubururu rwarutaga urumuri rutukura.Kubipimo byibinyabuzima, ibirimo urumuri rutukura rurenze urumuri rwubururu muri rusange ni ingirakamaro mu kongera isukari iboneka mu bimera.Nyamara, kugirango ikusanyirizo rya VC, proteine ​​zishonga, chlorophyll na karotenoide mu bimera, nibyiza cyane gukoresha urumuri rwa LED rufite urumuri rwinshi rwubururu kuruta urumuri rutukura, kandi ibirimo malondialdehyde nabyo biri hasi cyane muribi bihe byo kumurika.

Kubera ko uruganda rw’ibihingwa rukoreshwa cyane cyane mu guhinga imboga zifite amababi cyangwa mu guhinga ingemwe mu nganda, hashobora kuvamo umwanzuro wavuzwe haruguru ko hashingiwe ku kongera umusaruro no kuzirikana ubuziranenge, birakwiye gukoresha chip ya LED ifite umutuku mwinshi urumuri rurenze urumuri rwubururu nkisoko yumucyo.Ikigereranyo cyiza ni R: B = 7: 3.Ikirenzeho, ikigereranyo cyurumuri rutukura nubururu rushobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwose bwimboga rwatsi cyangwa ingemwe, kandi nta bisabwa byihariye kubihingwa bitandukanye.

Guhitamo umutuku n'ubururu

Mugihe cya fotosintezeza, ingufu zoroheje zinjizwa cyane na chlorophyll a na chlorophyll b.Igishushanyo gikurikira kirerekana uburyo bwo kwinjiza chlorophyll a na chlorophyll b, aho umurongo wicyatsi kibisi ariwo ukurura chlorophyll a, naho umurongo wubururu ni uburyo bwo kwinjiza chlorophyll b.Birashobora kugaragara ku gishushanyo ko chlorophyll a na chlorophyll b bifite impinga ebyiri zo kwinjiza, imwe mu karere k'urumuri rw'ubururu indi mu karere k'umucyo utukura.Ariko impinga 2 zo kwinjiza za chlorophyll a na chlorophyll b ziratandukanye gato.Mu buryo busobanutse neza, uburebure bwa mpinga ebyiri za chlorophyll a ni 430 nm na 662 nm, naho uburebure bwa mpinga ebyiri za chlorophyll b ni 453 nm na 642 nm.Izi ndangagaciro enye ntizizahinduka hamwe nibimera bitandukanye, guhitamo rero uburebure bwumutuku nubururu bituruka kumucyo ntibizahinduka nubwoko butandukanye bwibimera.

Absorption spectra ya chlorophyll a na chlorophyll b

Itara risanzwe rya LED rifite umurongo mugari rirashobora gukoreshwa nkisoko yumucyo wuruganda rwibihingwa, mugihe cyose itara ritukura nubururu rishobora gutwikira uburebure bwa mpinga ebyiri za chlorophyll a na chlorophyll b, ni ukuvuga uburebure bwumurambararo wumucyo utukura muri rusange 620 ~ 680 nm, mugihe urumuri rwubururu Urwego rwumurongo uri hagati ya 400 na 480 nm.Nyamara, uburebure bwumurongo wumucyo utukura nubururu ntibigomba kuba binini cyane kuko bidasesagura ingufu zumucyo gusa, ahubwo bishobora no kugira izindi ngaruka.

Niba urumuri rwa LED rugizwe na chip yumutuku, umuhondo nubururu rukoreshwa nkisoko yumucyo wuruganda rwibimera, uburebure bwumurambararo wumucyo utukura bugomba gushyirwa kumurongo wizuba wa chlorophyll a, ni ukuvuga kuri 660 nm, uburebure bwumurambararo y'urumuri rw'ubururu rugomba gushyirwaho hejuru yuburebure bwa chlorophyll b, ni ukuvuga kuri 450 nm.

Uruhare rwumucyo nicyatsi

Birakwiye cyane mugihe igipimo cyurumuri rutukura, icyatsi nubururu ni R: G: B = 6: 1: 3.Kubijyanye no kumenya icyatsi kibisi cyumurambararo, kubera ko kigira uruhare runini mugikorwa cyo gukura kw'ibimera, bigomba kuba hagati ya 530 na 550 nm.

Incamake

Iyi ngingo iraganira ku ngamba zo gutoranya ubuziranenge bw’uruganda mu nganda z’ibimera uhereye ku ngingo zifatika kandi zifatika, harimo guhitamo umurongo w’umurambararo w’urumuri rutukura n’ubururu mu isoko rya LED n’uruhare n’ikigereranyo cy’urumuri rwumuhondo nicyatsi.Muburyo bwo gukura kw'ibimera, guhuza gushyira mu gaciro hagati yibintu bitatu byerekana ubukana bwumucyo, ubwiza bwumucyo nigihe cyumucyo, nubusabane bwabo nintungamubiri, ubushyuhe nubushuhe, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwa CO2 nabyo bigomba gutekerezwa byimazeyo.Ku musaruro nyirizina, waba uteganya gukoresha umurongo mugari cyangwa byinshi-chip ikomatanya ihuza urumuri LED urumuri, ikigereranyo cyuburebure bwumurongo nicyo kintu cyambere gitekerezwaho, kuko usibye ubuziranenge bwurumuri, ibindi bintu bishobora guhinduka mugihe nyacyo mugikorwa.Kubwibyo, icyingenzi kwitabwaho muburyo bwo gushushanya inganda zi bimera bigomba guhitamo ubuziranenge bwurumuri.

Umwanditsi: Yong Xu

Inkomoko yingingo: Wechat konte yubuhanga bwubuhinzi bwubuhinzi (parike ya parike)

Reba: Yong Xu,Ingamba zo guhitamo ubuziranenge mu nganda z’ibimera [J].Ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi, 2022, 42 (4): 22-25.