Ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi bw'imboga n'imbuto mu bidukikije 2022-12-02 17:30 ryasohotse i Beijing

Guteza imbere ibidukikije bikoresha imirasire y'izuba mu turere tudahingwa nko mu butayu, Gobi n'ubutaka bw'umucanga byakemuye neza ikibazo cy'ibiryo n'imboga bihanganye ku butaka. Ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi mu bidukikije bitera iterambere ry'ibihingwa bikoresha imirasire y'izuba, akenshi bikaba ari byo bigena intsinzi cyangwa gutsindwa k'umusaruro w'ibihingwa bikoresha imirasire y'izuba. Kubwibyo, kugira ngo duteze imbere ibidukikije bikoresha imirasire y'izuba mu turere tudahingwa, tugomba kubanza gukemura ikibazo cy'ubushyuhe bw'ibidukikije bw'ibicuruzwa bikoresha imirasire y'izuba. Muri iyi ngingo, uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwakoreshejwe mu bicuruzwa bikoresha imirasire y'izuba mu myaka ya vuba aha burasuzumwa, kandi ibibazo bihari n'icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'ubushyuhe n'ibidukikije mu bicuruzwa bikoresha imirasire y'izuba mu butaka budahingwa burasesengurwa kandi bugasuzumwa.

Ubushinwa bufite abaturage benshi kandi ubutaka buraboneka gake. Ibirenga 85% by'ubutaka ni ubutaka budahingwa, bukunze kuba mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa. Inyandiko No.1 ya Komite Nkuru yo mu 2022 yagaragaje ko iterambere ry'ubuhinzi bw'inyubako rigomba kwihutishwa, kandi hashingiwe ku kurengera ibidukikije, ubutaka butagira abantu bukoreshwa n'ubutayu bugomba gukoreshwa kugira ngo hatezwe imbere ubuhinzi bw'inyubako. Uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa bukungahaye ku butayu, Gobi, ubutayu n'ubundi butaka budahingwa hamwe n'urumuri rusanzwe n'ubushyuhe, bikwiye guteza imbere ubuhinzi bw'inyubako. Kubwibyo, guteza imbere no gukoresha ubutaka budahingwa kugira ngo hatezwe imbere ubusitani budahingwa ni ingenzi cyane mu rwego rwo kwemeza umutekano w'ibiribwa ku gihugu no kugabanya amakimbirane ashingiye ku mikoreshereze y'ubutaka.

Muri iki gihe, ubuhinzi budahingwa bushingiye ku mirasire y'izuba ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi bwo guteza imbere ubuhinzi bunoze mu butaka budahingwa. Mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa, itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe hagati y'amanywa n'ijoro ni rinini, kandi ubushyuhe bwa nijoro mu gihe cy'itumba ni buke, ibyo akenshi biganisha ku kuba ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu buri hasi y'ubushyuhe busabwa kugira ngo ibihingwa bikure neza kandi bikure neza. Ubushyuhe ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi mu bidukikije kugira ngo ibihingwa bikure neza kandi bikure neza. Ubushyuhe buke cyane buzagabanya imikorere y'ibihingwa mu buryo bw'umubiri no mu buryo bwa biochemical kandi bugabanye imikurire n'imikurire yabyo. Iyo ubushyuhe buri hasi y'umupaka ibihingwa bishobora kwihanganira, bizanatera ubukonje. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kugenzura ubushyuhe bukenewe kugira ngo ibihingwa bikure neza kandi bikure neza. Kugira ngo ubushyuhe bukomeze bukwiye bw'ubushyuhe bushingiye ku mirasire y'izuba, si ikintu kimwe gishobora gukemurwa. Bigomba kwemezwa uhereye ku miterere y'ubushyuhe, kubaka, guhitamo ibikoresho, amategeko n'imicungire ya buri munsi. Bityo, iyi nkuru izasobanura muri make aho ubushakashatsi bugeze n'uko ubushyuhe bw'inyubako zidahingwa mu Bushinwa mu myaka yashize buhagaze, uhereye ku bijyanye no gushushanya no kubaka inyubako zikorerwamo, kubungabunga ubushyuhe no gushyushya ndetse no gucunga ibidukikije, kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo gushushanya no gucunga inyubako zidahingwa.

Imiterere n'ibikoresho by'izuba rito

Imiterere y'ubushyuhe bw'ubusitani bushingiye ahanini ku buryo bwo kohereza, gufata no kubika ubusitani bw'imirasire y'izuba, ibi bikaba bifitanye isano n'imiterere ikwiye y'ubusitani bw'ubusitani, imiterere n'ibikoresho by'ubuso butanga urumuri, imiterere n'ibikoresho by'urukuta n'igisenge cy'inyuma, ubushyuhe bw'ishingiro, ingano y'ubusitani bw'ubusitani, uburyo bwo gukingira nijoro n'ibikoresho by'igisenge cy'imbere, nibindi, kandi binafitanye isano no kumenya niba inzira yo kubaka no kubaka ubusitani bw'ubusitani ishobora kwemeza ko ibisabwa mu gishushanyo mbonera bigerwaho neza.

Ubushobozi bwo kohereza urumuri ku gisenge cy'imbere

Ingufu nyamukuru ziri mu busitani bushyuha zituruka ku zuba. Kongera ubushobozi bwo kohereza urumuri ku gisenge cy'imbere ni ingirakamaro kugira ngo busitani bubone ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi ni umusingi w'ingenzi wo kwemeza ko ubushyuhe bw'ubusitani bushyuha mu gihe cy'itumba. Kuri ubu, hari uburyo butatu bw'ingenzi bwo kongera ubushobozi bwo kohereza urumuri n'igihe cyo kwakira urumuri ku gisenge cy'imbere cy'ubusitani bushyuha.

01 igishushanyo mbonera cy'ubutaka bugezweho n'imiterere y'ubutaka

Uburyo ibidukikije bihuzwa n’ikirere bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y’urumuri rw’ikirere ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo kubika ubushyuhe bw’ikirere. Kubwibyo, kugira ngo haboneke uburyo bwinshi bwo kubika ubushyuhe mu bimera, icyerekezo cy’ibimera bidahingwa mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bw’Ubushinwa kiba cyerekeza mu majyepfo. Ku bijyanye n’imiterere yihariye y’ibimera, iyo uhisemo kuva mu majyepfo ugana iburasirazuba, ni byiza "gufata izuba", kandi ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu buzamuka vuba mu gitondo; Iyo uhisemo kuva mu majyepfo ugana iburengerazuba, ni byiza ko ibimera bikoresha urumuri rwa nyuma ya saa sita. Icyerekezo cy’amajyepfo ni ubwumvikane hagati y’ibintu bibiri byavuzwe haruguru. Dukurikije ubumenyi bwa geophysics, isi izenguruka dogere 360 ​​ku munsi, kandi azimuth y’izuba igenda dogere 1 buri minota 4. Kubwibyo, igihe cyose azimuth y’ibimera itandukaniye kuri dogere 1, igihe cy’izuba kitaziguye kizatandukana n’iminota 4, ni ukuvuga ko azimuth y’ibimera igira ingaruka ku gihe ibimera bihuzwa bibona urumuri mu gitondo na nimugoroba.

Iyo amasaha y'urumuri rwa mu gitondo n'urwa nyuma ya saa sita angana, kandi iburasirazuba cyangwa iburengerazuba biri ku nguni imwe, ubushyuhe buzabona amasaha y'urumuri angana. Ariko, ku gace ko mu majyaruguru ya latitude ya 37° mu majyaruguru, ubushyuhe buba buke mu gitondo, kandi igihe cyo gupfukura umugozi kiba cyatinze, mu gihe ubushyuhe buba buri hejuru cyane nyuma ya saa sita na nimugoroba, bityo birakwiye gutinza igihe cyo gufunga umugozi urinda ubushyuhe. Kubwibyo, utu duce tugomba guhitamo kuva mu majyepfo kugera mu burengerazuba no gukoresha neza urumuri rwa nyuma ya saa sita. Ku duce dufite latitude ya 30° ~ 35° mu majyaruguru, kubera ko urumuri rumeze neza mu gitondo, igihe cyo kubika ubushyuhe no gupfuka igipfukisho nacyo gishobora gutezwa imbere. Kubwibyo, utu duce tugomba guhitamo icyerekezo cy'amajyepfo ugana iburasirazuba kugira ngo duharanire imirasire y'izuba ya mu gitondo kuri ubu busitani. Ariko, mu gace ka latitude ya 35° ~ 37° mu majyaruguru, nta tandukaniro rinini mu mirasire y'izuba mu gitondo no nyuma ya saa sita, bityo ni byiza guhitamo icyerekezo gikwiye mu majyepfo. Byaba ari mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba cyangwa mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, inguni yo kunyuramo muri rusange ni 5° ~ 8°, kandi ntarengwa ntigomba kurenza 10°. Amajyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa ari hagati ya 37° ~ 50° mu majyaruguru ya latitude, bityo inguni ya azimuth y'ubusitani muri rusange iva mu majyepfo ijya mu burengerazuba. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubusitani bw'izuba bwakozwe na Zhang Jingshe n'abandi mu gace ka Taiyuan bwahisemo icyerekezo cya 5° mu burengerazuba bw'amajyepfo, ubusitani bw'izuba bwubatswe na Chang Meimei n'abandi mu gace ka Gobi muri Hexi Corridor bwahisemo icyerekezo cya 5° kugeza 10° mu burengerazuba bw'amajyepfo, naho ubusitani bw'izuba bwubatswe na Ma Zhigui n'abandi mu majyaruguru ya Xinjiang bwahisemo icyerekezo cya 8° mu burengerazuba bw'amajyepfo.

02 Gushushanya imiterere y'igisenge cy'imbere n'inguni ikwiye yo kugiteranya

Imiterere n'uburyo igisenge cy'imbere kigena inguni y'imirasire y'izuba. Uko inguni y'impanuka iba nto, niko inzira zigenda ziba nyinshi. Sun Juren yizera ko imiterere y'igisenge cy'imbere igenwa ahanini n'ikigereranyo cy'uburebure bw'urumuri runini n'ubuso bw'inyuma. Ubuso burebure bw'imbere n'ubuso bugufi bw'inyuma bigira akamaro mu gutuma igisenge cy'imbere gitanga urumuri no kubungabunga ubushyuhe. Chen Wei-Qian n'abandi batekereza ko igisenge cy'urumuri gikuru cy'ubuso bw'izuba bukoreshwa mu gace ka Gobi gikoresha umurongo uzengurutse ufite umurambararo wa metero 4.5, ushobora kwihanganira ubukonje. Zhang Jingshe, n'abandi batekereza ko bikwiye gukoresha umurongo w'uruziga ku gisenge cy'imbere cy'ubuso bw'izuba mu misozi miremire no mu misozi miremire. Ku bijyanye n'inguni y'igisenge cy'imbere, hakurikijwe imiterere y'urumuri rwa pulasitiki, iyo inguni y'impanuka ari 0 ~ 40°, ubushobozi bwo kugarura urumuri ku gisenge cy'imbere bugera ku zuba buba buto, kandi iyo burenze 40°, ubushobozi bwo kugarura urumuri buriyongera cyane. Kubwibyo, 40° ifatwa nk'inguni ntarengwa yo kubara inguni yo kuzamuka kw'igisenge cy'imbere, ku buryo no mu gihe cy'itumba, imirasire y'izuba ishobora kwinjira mu gisenge cy'ubutaka ku rugero rwo hejuru. Kubwibyo, mu gihe cyo gushushanya greenhouse ikoreshwa n'izuba ikwiriye ahantu hadahingwa muri Wuhai, muri Mongoliya y'imbere, He Bin n'abandi babaze inguni yo kuzamuka kw'igisenge cy'imbere ifite inguni yo kuzamuka kw'igisenge cy'imbere ifite inguni yo kuzamuka kw'igisenge cy'imbere ya 40°, kandi batekereje ko igihe cyose irenze 30°, ishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu gucana greenhouse no kubungabunga ubushyuhe. Zhang Caihong n'abandi batekereza ko iyo bubaka greenhouse mu turere tudahingwa muri Xinjiang, inguni yo kuzamuka kw'igisenge cy'imbere cy'greenhouse mu majyepfo ya Xinjiang ari 31°, mu gihe iyo mu majyaruguru ya Xinjiang ari 32° ~ 33.5°.

03 Hitamo ibikoresho byo gupfuka bibonerana bikwiye.

Uretse ingaruka z'imirasire y'izuba yo hanze, imiterere y'ibikoresho n'urumuri bya filimi y'ubushyuhe nabyo ni ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku rumuri n'ubushyuhe bya filimi y'ubushyuhe. Kuri ubu, uburyo urumuri rwa filimi za pulasitiki nka PE, PVC, EVA na PO ruratandukanye bitewe n'ibikoresho bitandukanye n'ubugari bwa filimi. Muri rusange, uburyo urumuri rwa filimi zimaze imyaka 1-3 zikoreshwa bushobora kwemezwa ko buri hejuru ya 88% muri rusange, ibyo bikaba bigomba gutoranywa hakurikijwe icyifuzo cy'ibihingwa ku rumuri n'ubushyuhe. Byongeye kandi, uretse uburyo urumuri rukwirakwira mu bucuruzi, uburyo urumuri rukwirakwira mu bucuruzi nabyo ni ikintu abantu barushaho kwitaho. Kubwibyo, mu myaka ya vuba aha, uburyo urumuri rutwikira ibikoresho bifite urumuri rwo hejuru rukwirakwira byamenyekanye cyane n'inganda, cyane cyane mu turere dufite imirasire ikomeye y'izuba mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa. Gukoresha filimi y'urumuri rwo hejuru rukwirakwira byagabanyije ingaruka z'igicucu hejuru no hepfo y'ubuvumo bw'ibihingwa, byongera urumuri hagati n'aho hasi y'ubuvumo bw'ibihingwa, byongera imiterere ya photosynthesis y'ibihingwa byose, kandi byagaragaje ingaruka nziza zo guteza imbere iterambere no kongera umusaruro.

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ingano y'ubuso bw'ubutaka gikwiye

Uburebure bw'ubushyuhe ni burebure cyane cyangwa bugufi cyane, ibyo bizagira ingaruka ku igenzura ry'ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu. Iyo uburebure bw'ubushyuhe ari bugufi cyane, mbere y'uko izuba rirenga n'izuba rirenga, agace gatwikiriwe n'imirongo y'iburasirazuba n'iburengerazuba ni kanini, ibyo ntibifasha ubushyuhe bw'ubushyuhe, kandi kubera ingano yabwo nto, bizagira ingaruka ku butaka bwo mu nzu n'urukuta no kurekura ubushyuhe. Iyo uburebure ari bunini cyane, biragoye kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu, kandi bizagira ingaruka ku bukomere bw'ubushyuhe n'imiterere y'uburyo bwo kubika ubushyuhe. Uburebure n'uburebure bw'ubushyuhe bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku manywa y'izuba ry'igisenge cy'imbere, ingano y'ubushyuhe n'igipimo cy'ubushyuhe. Iyo uburebure n'uburebure by'ubushyuhe bihamye, kongera uburebure bw'ubushyuhe bishobora kongera inguni y'urumuri rw'igisenge cy'imbere ukurikije ibidukikije by'urumuri, ibyo bikaba byiza kohereza urumuri; Ukurikije ibidukikije by'ubushyuhe, uburebure bw'urukuta buriyongera, kandi agace k'ubushyuhe bw'urukuta rw'inyuma karazamuka, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro ku bubiko bw'ubushyuhe no kurekura ubushyuhe bw'urukuta rw'inyuma. Byongeye kandi, umwanya ni munini, igipimo cy'ubushyuhe nacyo ni kinini, kandi ibidukikije by'ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka birahamye. Birumvikana ko kongera uburebure bw'ubutaka byongera ikiguzi cy'ubutaka, ibyo bikaba bigomba kwitabwaho byimbitse. Kubwibyo, mu gihe dushushanya urugo rw'ubushyuhe, twagombye guhitamo uburebure bukwiye, uburebure n'uburebure hakurikijwe imiterere y'aho hantu. Urugero, Zhang Caihong n'abandi batekereza ko mu majyaruguru ya Xinjiang, uburebure bw'ubutaka ni metero 50 ~ 80, uburebure ni metero 7 n'uburebure bw'ubutaka ni metero 3.9, mu gihe mu majyepfo ya Xinjiang, uburebure bw'ubutaka ni metero 50 ~ 80, uburebure ni metero 8 n'uburebure bw'ubutaka ni metero 3.6 ~ 4.0; Nanone bifatwa ko uburebure bw'ubutaka bugomba kuba munsi ya metero 7, kandi iyo uburebure ari metero 8, ingaruka zo kubungabunga ubushyuhe ni nziza cyane. Byongeye kandi, Chen Weiqian n'abandi batekereza ko uburebure, uburebure n'uburebure by'ubusitani bw'izuba bigomba kuba metero 80, metero 8 ~ 10 na metero 3.8 ~ 4.2 uko bikurikirana iyo byubatswe mu gace ka Gobi ka Jiuquan, Gansu.

Kunoza ubushobozi bwo kubika ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe ku rukuta

Ku manywa, urukuta rukusanya ubushyuhe binyuze mu kwinjiza imirasire y'izuba n'ubushyuhe bw'umwuka wo mu nzu. Mu ijoro, iyo ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu buri munsi y'ubushyuhe bwo ku rukuta, urukuta rurekura ubushyuhe kugira ngo rushyushye uru ruganda. Nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi gihunika ubushyuhe mu ru ruganda, uru rukuta rushobora kunoza cyane ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu nijoro binyuze mu kunoza ubushobozi bwarwo bwo kubika ubushyuhe. Muri icyo gihe, imikorere yo gukingira ubushyuhe bw'urukuta ni yo shingiro ry'ubushyuhe bwo ku rukuta burambye. Kuri ubu, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kunoza ubushobozi bwo kubika ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe bw'inkuta.

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'inkuta ziciriritse

Akamaro k'urukuta karimo ahanini kubika ubushyuhe no kubungabunga ubushyuhe, kandi icyarimwe, inkuta nyinshi z'ubushyuhe nazo zikora nk'ibintu bitwara imizigo kugira ngo bishyigikire igisenge. Mu rwego rwo kubona ahantu heza ho gushyuha, inyubako y'urukuta ikwiye igomba kugira ubushobozi buhagije bwo kubika ubushyuhe imbere n'ubushobozi buhagije bwo kubika ubushyuhe inyuma, mu gihe bigabanya ibiraro bikonje bitari ngombwa. Mu bushakashatsi ku bubiko n'ubushyuhe ku rukuta, Bao Encai n'abandi bakoze urukuta rwo kubika ubushyuhe rudakonje mu mucanga mu gace k'ubutayu bwa Wuhai, muri Mongoliya y'imbere. Amatafari afite imyenge yakoreshejwe nk'urwego rwo kubika ubushyuhe inyuma naho umucanga ukonje wakoreshejwe nk'urwego rwo kubika ubushyuhe imbere. Ikizamini cyagaragaje ko ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu bushobora kugera kuri 13.7°C mu minsi y'izuba. Ma Yuehong n'abandi bakoze urukuta rw'ibishishwa by'ingano mu majyaruguru ya Xinjiang, aho quicklime yuzuramo ibishishwa bya morti nk'urwego rwo kubika ubushyuhe kandi imifuka y'ibishishwa ishyirwa hanze nk'urwego rwo kubika ubushyuhe. Urukuta rw'amatafari y'ubukonje rwakozwe na Zhao Peng, n'abandi mu gace ka Gobi mu ntara ya Gansu, rukoresha ikibaho cya benzene gifite ubugari bwa mm 100 nk'urwego rwo gukingira inyuma n'umucanga n'amatafari y'ubukonje nk'urwego rwo kubika ubushyuhe imbere. Ikizamini kigaragaza ko ubushyuhe busanzwe mu gihe cy'itumba buri hejuru ya dogere 10°C nijoro, naho Chai Regeneration, n'abandi bakoresha umucanga n'amabuye nk'urwego rwo gukingira ubushyuhe n'urwego rwo kubika ubushyuhe ku rukuta mu gace ka Gobi mu ntara ya Gansu. Mu bijyanye no kugabanya ibiraro bikonje, Yan Junyue n'abandi bakoze urukuta rw'inyuma rworoshye kandi rworoshye, rutari rwongereye gusa ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ubushyuhe bw'urukuta, ahubwo rwananoje ubushobozi bwo gufunga urukuta binyuze mu gushyiraho ikibaho cya polystyrene inyuma y'urukuta rw'inyuma; Wu Letian n'abandi bashyizeho uruziga rwa beto rukomejwe hejuru y'urufatiro rw'urukuta rw'ubushyuhe, kandi bakoresheje amatafari ya trapezoidal hejuru gato y'uruziga rw'impeta kugira ngo ashyigikire igisenge cy'inyuma, ibyo bikaba byarakemuye ikibazo cy'uko imyanda n'ishingiro byoroshye kubaho mu mazu y'ubushyuhe muri Hotian, Xinjiang, bityo bigira ingaruka ku bushyuhe bw'amazu y'ubushyuhe.

02 Hitamo ibikoresho bikwiye byo kubika ubushyuhe n'ibikoresho byo gukingira.

Ingaruka zo kubika ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe ku rukuta zishingira mbere na mbere ku mahitamo y'ibikoresho. Mu butayu bwo mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, Gobi, ubutaka bw'umucanga n'ahandi, hakurikijwe imiterere y'aho hantu, abashakashatsi bafashe ibikoresho byo muri ako gace maze bagerageza gushushanya ubwoko butandukanye bw'inkuta z'inyuma z'inzu zitunganya imirasire y'izuba. Urugero, igihe Zhang Guosen n'abandi bubakaga amazu atunganya imirasire mu mirima y'umucanga n'amabuye muri Gansu, umucanga n'amabuye byakoreshejwe nk'ububiko bw'ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe bw'inkuta; Dukurikije imiterere ya Gobi n'ubutayu mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa, Zhao Peng yakoze ubwoko bw'urukuta rw'amabuye y'umucanga n'amabuye y'umucanga nk'ibikoresho. Ikizamini kigaragaza ko ubushyuhe bw'imbere mu nzu buri hejuru ya 10°C. Kubera ubukene bw'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi nk'amatafari n'ibumba mu karere ka Gobi mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa, Zhou Changji n'abandi basanze amazu atunganya imirasire y'izuba yo muri ako gace akunze gukoresha amabuye y'umukara nk'ibikoresho byo ku rukuta iyo akoze ubushakashatsi ku mazu atunganya imirasire y'izuba mu karere ka Gobi ka Kizilsu Kirgiz, Xinjiang. Dukurikije imikorere y'ubushyuhe n'imbaraga z'imashini z'amabuye, inzu itunganya imirasire y'izuba yubatswe n'amabuye ifite imikorere myiza mu bijyanye no kubika ubushyuhe, kubika ubushyuhe no gutwara imizigo. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, Zhang Yong, n'abandi, bakoresha utubuye nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi by'urukuta, kandi bakora urukuta rw'inyuma rw'utubuye twigenga two kubika ubushyuhe muri Shanxi n'ahandi. Ikizamini cyerekana ko ingaruka zo kubika ubushyuhe ari nziza. Zhang n'abandi bakoze ubwoko bw'urukuta rw'amabuye y'umucanga hakurikijwe imiterere y'agace k'amajyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Gobi, bishobora kuzamura ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu ho 2.5°C. Byongeye kandi, Ma Yuehong n'abandi bagerageje ubushobozi bwo kubika ubushyuhe bw'urukuta rw'umucanga rwuzuyemo bloki, urukuta rw'utubuye n'urukuta rw'amatafari muri Hotian, Xinjiang. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko urukuta rw'umucanga rwuzuyemo bloki rufite ubushobozi bwinshi bwo kubika ubushyuhe. Byongeye kandi, kugira ngo banoze imikorere yo kubika ubushyuhe bw'urukuta, abashakashatsi bashyizeho umwete ibikoresho bishya byo kubika ubushyuhe n'ikoranabuhanga. Urugero, Bao Encai yatanze igitekerezo cy'ibikoresho bihindura imiterere y'impinduka mu gihe cy'impinduka, bishobora gukoreshwa mu kunoza ubushobozi bwo kubika ubushyuhe bw'urukuta rw'inyuma rw'ubutaka bw'izuba mu turere tudahingwa mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba. Mu bushakashatsi bw'ibikoresho byo mu gace, ubwatsi, ibisigazwa, ikibaho cya benzene n'ibyatsi nabyo bikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo ku rukuta, ariko ibi bikoresho akenshi bigira akazi ko kubika ubushyuhe gusa kandi nta bubasha bwo kubika ubushyuhe. Muri rusange, inkuta zuzuyemo amabuye n'ibiti bifite ubushobozi bwo kubika ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe.

03 Ongera ubugari bw'urukuta uko bikwiye

Ubusanzwe, ubushyuhe bukabije ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gupima imikorere y'ubushyuhe ku rukuta, kandi ikintu kigira ingaruka ku bushyuhe ni ubunini bw'urwego rw'ibikoresho uretse uburyo bushyushye bw'ibikoresho. Kubwibyo, hashingiwe ku guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye byo gushyushya, kongera ubunini bw'urukuta neza bishobora kongera ubushyuhe bukabije ku rukuta no kugabanya ubushyuhe bukabije bunyura mu rukuta, bityo byongera ubushobozi bwo gushyushya no kubika ubushyuhe ku rukuta no ku rukuta rwose. Urugero, muri Gansu n'ahandi, ubunini bw'urukuta rw'umucanga mu Mujyi wa Zhangye ni metero 2.6, mu gihe urw'urukuta rw'amabuye y'agaciro mu Mujyi wa Jiuquan ari metero 3.7. Uko urukuta rurushaho kuba runini, ni ko ubushobozi bwo gushyushya no kubika ubushyuhe bwiyongera. Ariko, inkuta nini cyane zizongera ubutaka n'ikiguzi cyo kubaka inyubako y'ubutaka. Kubwibyo, mu rwego rwo kunoza ubushobozi bwo gushyushya, tugomba kandi gushyira imbere guhitamo ibikoresho byo gushyushya bifite ubushyuhe buke, nka polystyrene, polyurethane n'ibindi bikoresho, hanyuma twongere ubunini uko bikwiye.

Igisenge cy'inyuma gishushanyije neza

Ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'igisenge cy'inyuma, ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukudatera ingaruka z'igicucu no kunoza ubushobozi bwo gukingira ubushyuhe. Kugira ngo tugabanye ingaruka z'igicucu ku gisenge cy'inyuma, imiterere y'inguni yo kuzenguruka ishingiye ahanini ku kuba igisenge cy'inyuma gishobora kubona urumuri rw'izuba ku manywa iyo imyaka itewe kandi igakorwa. Kubwibyo, inguni yo hejuru y'igisenge cy'inyuma muri rusange ihitamo kuba nziza kuruta inguni yo mu butumburuke bw'izuba bwo mu gace k'imbeho ya 7° ~ 8°. Urugero, Zhang Caihong n'abandi batekereza ko iyo bubaka amazu yo gusigamo imirasire y'izuba mu turere twa Gobi no mu butaka bwa alkali muri Xinjiang, uburebure bw'igisenge cy'inyuma buteganijwe ni metero 1.6, bityo inguni yo kuzenguruka y'igisenge cy'inyuma ni 40° mu majyepfo ya Xinjiang na 45° mu majyaruguru ya Xinjiang. Chen Wei-Qian n'abandi batekereza ko igisenge cy'inyuma cy'ubutaka bwo gusigamo imirasire y'izuba mu gace ka Jiuquan Gobi kigomba kuba gihagaze kuri 40°. Ku bijyanye no gukingira ubushyuhe bw'igisenge cy'inyuma, ubushobozi bwo gukingira ubushyuhe bugomba kwitabwaho cyane cyane mu guhitamo ibikoresho byo gukingira ubushyuhe, imiterere y'ubugari bukenewe ndetse n'aho ibikoresho byo gukingira ubushyuhe bihurira mu gihe cyo kubaka.

Gabanya ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka

Mu gihe cy'itumba nijoro, kubera ko ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka bwo mu nzu buri hejuru y'ubwo hanze, ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka bwo mu nzu buzimurwa bujya hanze binyuze mu gushyushya, bigatuma ubushyuhe bw'ubushyuhe bugabanuka. Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka.

01 Gukingira ubutaka

Ubutaka burohama neza, hirindwa ubutaka bukonje, kandi bugakoresha ubutaka mu kubungabunga ubushyuhe. Urugero, greenhouse y'izuba ya "1448 ifite ibikoresho bitatu-umubiri umwe" yakozwe na Chai Regeneration n'ubundi butaka budahingwa muri Hexi Corridor yubatswe hakoreshejwe gucukura metero 1 hepfo, birinda ubutaka bukonje; Dukurikije ko ubujyakuzimu bw'ubutaka bukonje mu gace ka Turpan ari metero 0.8, Wang Huamin n'abandi batanze igitekerezo cyo gucukura metero 0.8 kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi bwo gushyushya greenhouse. Ubwo Zhang Guosen, n'abandi, bubakaga urukuta rw'inyuma rw'greenhouse ifite double-arch double-film bacukura ku butaka budahingwa, ubujyakuzimu bw'ubucukuzi bwari metero 1. Igerageza ryagaragaje ko ubushyuhe bwo hasi cyane nijoro bwiyongereyeho 2 ~ 3℃ ugereranije n'greenhouse isanzwe y'izuba yo mu gisekuru cya kabiri.

02 Uburinzi bw'ubukonje bw'ishingiro

Uburyo bw'ingenzi ni ugucukura umuyoboro udashobora gukonja ku gice cy'urufatiro cy'igisenge cy'imbere, kuzuza ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe, cyangwa guhora utwikira ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe munsi y'ubutaka ku gice cy'urufatiro, byose bigamije kugabanya ubushyuhe buterwa no kwimura ubushyuhe mu butaka ku nkengero z'ubutaka. Ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe bikoreshwa ahanini bishingiye ku miterere y'aho mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa, kandi bishobora kuboneka mu gace, nko mu byatsi, ibisigazwa by'amabuye, ubwoya bw'amabuye, ikibaho cya polystyrene, ubwatsi bw'ibigori, ifumbire y'ifarashi, amababi yaguye, ibyatsi byavunitse, umukungugu w'ibiti, ibyatsi bibi, ibyatsi, nibindi.

Filime yo mu bwoko bwa 03

Mu gupfuka agapfunyika ka pulasitiki, urumuri rw'izuba rushobora kugera ku butaka runyuze muri aka gapfunyika ka pulasitiki ku manywa, kandi ubutaka bugafata ubushyuhe bw'izuba bukanashyuha. Byongeye kandi, agapfunyika ka pulasitiki gashobora kuzibira imirasire y'imirasire miremire igaragara mu butaka, bityo bikagabanya ibura ry'imirasire mu butaka no kongera uburyo ubutaka bubikwamo ubushyuhe. Mu ijoro, agapfunyika ka pulasitiki gashobora kubangamira ihererekanya ry'ubushyuhe hagati y'ubutaka n'umwuka wo mu nzu, bityo bikagabanya ibura ry'ubushyuhe mu butaka. Muri icyo gihe, agapfunyika ka pulasitiki gashobora kandi kugabanya ibura ry'ubushyuhe buteje imyuka y'amazi mu butaka. Wei Wenxiang yatwikiriye greenhouse akoresheje agapfunyika ka pulasitiki mu kibaya cya Qinghai, kandi igerageza ryagaragaje ko ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka bushobora kwiyongeraho hafi 1°C.

Kongera ubushobozi bwo gukingira ubushyuhe bw'igisenge cy'imbere

Igisenge cy'imbere cy'inzu y'ubushyuhe ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi gikuraho ubushyuhe, kandi ubushyuhe bwatakaye butanga ibirenga 75% by'ubushyuhe bwose butakaza mu nzu y'ubushyuhe. Kubwibyo, kongera ubushobozi bwo gukingira ubushyuhe bw'igisenge cy'imbere cy'inzu y'ubushyuhe bishobora kugabanya igihombo gituruka ku gisenge cy'imbere no kunoza ubushyuhe bw'imbeho bw'inzu y'ubushyuhe. Kuri ubu, hari ingamba eshatu z'ingenzi zo kunoza ubushobozi bwo gukingira ubushyuhe bw'igisenge cy'imbere.

01 Hashyizweho igipfukisho gitanga urumuri gifite ibyiciro byinshi.

Mu miterere, gukoresha firime y’ibice bibiri cyangwa firime y’ibice bitatu nk’ubuso bw’ubushyuhe butanga urumuri bishobora kunoza imikorere y’ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe. Urugero, Zhang Guosen n’abandi bakoze firime y’izuba ifite ibyuma bibiri byo gucukura mu gace ka Gobi mu Mujyi wa Jiuquan. Inyuma y’igisenge cy’imbere cy’ubushyuhe ikozwe muri firime ya EVA, naho imbere muri firime ikozwe muri firime ya PVC idakoresha amazi arwanya gusaza. Igerageza ryerekana ko ugereranije n’ubushyuhe bw’izuba busanzwe bwo mu gisekuru cya kabiri, ingaruka z’ubushyuhe ni nziza cyane, kandi ubushyuhe bwo hasi cyane nijoro buzamukaho 2 ~ 3℃ ku mpuzandengo. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, Zhang Jingshe, n’abandi, bakoze firime y’izuba ifite firime ebyiri zitwikira imiterere y’ikirere cy’ubutumburuke buri hejuru n’ubukonje bukabije, ibyo bikaba byarazamuye cyane ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe. Ugereranyije n’ubushyuhe bw’ijoro, ubushyuhe bwiyongereyeho 3℃. Byongeye kandi, Wu Letian n’abandi bagerageje gukoresha firime ya EVA ifite ubugari bwa 0.1mm ku gisenge cy’imbere cy’ubushyuhe bw’izuba bwakorewe mu gace k’ubutayu bwa Hetian, Xinjiang. Filimi y’ibice byinshi ishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bw’igisenge cy’imbere, ariko kubera ko urumuri rw’ibice bimwe rugera kuri 90%, filimi y’ibice byinshi izatuma urumuri rugabanuka. Kubwibyo, mu gihe cyo guhitamo igipfundikizo cy’urumuri rw’ibice byinshi, ni ngombwa kwita ku miterere y’urumuri n’ibisabwa mu byuma bitunganya ibidukikije.

02 Komeza ubushyuhe bw'ijoro ku gisenge cy'imbere

Agapira ka pulasitiki gakoreshwa ku gisenge cy'imbere kugira ngo kongere urumuri ku manywa, kandi kaba ahantu hake cyane mu busitani bwose nijoro. Kubwibyo, gupfuka igisenge cy'imbere n'igitambaro kinini gikingira ubushyuhe ni igipimo cy'ingenzi cyo gukingira ubushyuhe ku mazu akoresha imirasire y'izuba. Urugero, mu gace ka Qinghai alpine, Liu Yanjie n'abandi bakoresheje amashuka y'ibyatsi n'impapuro za kraft nk'amashuka y'ubushyuhe mu igerageza. Ibisubizo by'ikizamini byagaragaje ko ubushyuhe bwo hasi mu nzu mu busitani nijoro bushobora kugera kuri dogere 7.7. Byongeye kandi, Wei Wenxiang yizera ko ubushyuhe bugabanuka ku gisenge bushobora kugabanukaho ibirenze 90% hakoreshejwe amashuka y'ibyatsi bibiri cyangwa impapuro za kraft hanze y'ibyatsi kugira ngo bifashe mu bushyuhe muri aka gace. Byongeye kandi, Zou Ping, n'abandi bakoresheje igitambaro gikingira ubushyuhe cya fibre yasubiwemo mu busitani bw'izuba mu gace ka Gobi muri Xinjiang, na Chang Meimei, n'abandi bakoresheje igitambaro gikingira ubushyuhe cya sandwich mu busitani bw'izuba mu gace ka Gobi muri Hexi Corridor. Muri iki gihe, hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'udupira two gukingira ubushyuhe dukoreshwa mu mazu y'izuba, ariko inyinshi muri zo zikozwe mu ipamba ipfundikiye, ipamba ipfundikiye kole, ipamba y'amasaro, nibindi, hamwe n'udupira two hejuru tudapfa amazi cyangwa turwanya gusaza ku mpande zombi. Dukurikije uburyo bwo gukingira ubushyuhe bw'igitambaro cyo gukingira ubushyuhe, kugira ngo twongere ubushobozi bwo gukingira ubushyuhe, tugomba gutangirana no kunoza ubushobozi bwacyo bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe no kugabanya ubushobozi bwacyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe, kandi ingamba z'ingenzi ni ukugabanya ubushobozi bw'ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho, kongera ubunini bw'udupira two hejuru cyangwa kongera umubare w'udupira two hejuru, nibindi. Kubwibyo, muri iki gihe, ibikoresho by'ingenzi by'igitambaro cyo gukingira ubushyuhe gifite ubushobozi bwo gukingira ubushyuhe bwinshi akenshi bikozwe mu bikoresho byinshi bivanze. Dukurikije ikizamini, ubushobozi bwo kohereza ubushyuhe bw'igitambaro cyo gukingira ubushyuhe gifite ubushobozi bwo gukingira ubushyuhe bwinshi muri iki gihe bushobora kugera kuri 0.5W/(m2℃), bitanga icyizere cyiza cyo kongerera ubushyuhe ubushyuhe bw'udupira two mu mazu y'imbeho mu gihe cy'itumba. Birumvikana ko agace k'amajyaruguru y'uburengerazuba gafite umuyaga n'ivumbi, kandi imirasire ya ultraviolet ni ikomeye, bityo urwego rwo hejuru rw'igitambaro cyo gukingira ubushyuhe rugomba kugira ubushobozi bwiza bwo kurwanya gusaza.

03 Ongeraho umwenda wo gukingira ubushyuhe bw'imbere.

Nubwo igisenge cy'imbere cy'urumuri rw'izuba gitwikiriwe n'igitambaro cyo hanze gikingira ubushyuhe nijoro, nk'uko bigenda ku zindi nyubako z'urumuri rw'izuba, igisenge cy'imbere kiracyari ahantu hato ho kurengera urumuri rw'izuba rwose nijoro. Kubwibyo, itsinda ry'umushinga "Ikoranabuhanga mu by'imiterere n'ubwubatsi bw'urumuri rw'izuba mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba" ryashushanyije uburyo bworoshye bwo gukingira ubushyuhe bw'imbere (Ishusho ya 1), aho imiterere yarwo igizwe n'igitambaro cyo hejuru gikingira ubushyuhe bw'imbere ku kirenge cy'imbere n'igitambaro cyo hejuru gikingira ubushyuhe bw'imbere. Igitambaro cyo hejuru gikingira ubushyuhe bw'imbere gifungurwa kandi kigapfundikirwa ku rukuta rw'inyuma rw'urumuri rw'izuba ku manywa, ibyo ntibigira ingaruka ku rumuri rw'urumuri rw'izuba; Igitambaro cyo hasi gikingira ubushyuhe bw'imbere kigira uruhare mu gufunga nijoro. Imiterere y'igitambaro cyo imbere iraryoshye kandi yoroshye kuyikoresha, kandi ishobora no kugira uruhare mu gupfuka no gukonjesha mu mpeshyi.

Ikoranabuhanga rikora mu gushyushya

Kubera ubushyuhe buke mu gihe cy'itumba mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa, niba twishingikirije gusa ku kubika ubushyuhe no kubika ubushyuhe mu mazu mato, ntabwo dushobora kuzuza ibisabwa kugira ngo umusaruro w'ibihingwa urusheho kwiyongera mu gihe cy'ubukonje, bityo hari ingamba zimwe na zimwe zo gushyushya zihangayikishijwe.

Uburyo bwo kubika ingufu z'izuba n'uburyo bwo kurekura ubushyuhe

Ni impamvu ikomeye ituma urukuta rufite inshingano zo kubungabunga ubushyuhe, kubika ubushyuhe no gutwara imizigo, ibyo bigatuma ibiciro byo kubaka bizamuka kandi ubutaka bugakoreshwa ku butaka buke. Kubwibyo, koroshya no guteranya ibidukikije bikoresha imirasire y'izuba bizaba icyerekezo cy'ingenzi mu iterambere ry'ejo hazaza. Muri byo, koroshya imikorere y'urukuta ni ukurekura imikorere yo kubika ubushyuhe no kurekura ubushyuhe bw'urukuta, kugira ngo urukuta rw'inyuma rugire gusa imikorere yo kubungabunga ubushyuhe, ari bwo buryo bwiza bwo koroshya iterambere. Urugero, sisitemu ya Fang Hui yo kubika no kurekura ubushyuhe (Ishusho ya 2) ikoreshwa cyane mu turere tudahingwa nka Gansu, Ningxia na Xinjiang. Igikoresho cyayo cyo gukusanya ubushyuhe kimanikwa ku rukuta rwo mu majyaruguru. Ku manywa, ubushyuhe bukusanywa n'igikoresho cyo gukusanya ubushyuhe bubikwa mu bubiko bw'ubushyuhe binyuze mu kuzenguruka kw'igikoresho cyo kubika ubushyuhe, kandi nijoro, ubushyuhe burekurwa kandi bugashyuha binyuze mu kuzenguruka kw'igikoresho cyo kubika ubushyuhe, bityo bigatuma ubushyuhe bukwirakwira mu gihe no mu mwanya. Igerageza ryerekana ko ubushyuhe buke mu ruganda bushobora kwiyongeraho dogere 3 ~ 5℃ hakoreshejwe iki gikoresho. Wang Zhiwei n'abandi bashyizeho uburyo bwo gushyushya amazi ku busitani bukoresha imirasire y'izuba mu gace k'ubutayu bwa Xinjiang mu majyepfo, bushobora kongera ubushyuhe bw'ubusitani ho 2.1°C nijoro.

Byongeye kandi, Bao Encai n'abandi bakoze sisitemu yo kubika ubushyuhe ku rukuta rwo mu majyaruguru. Ku manywa, binyuze mu kuzenguruka kw'abafana bo mu gice cy'imbere, umwuka ushyushye wo mu nzu unyura mu muyoboro wo kohereza ubushyuhe uri mu rukuta rwo mu majyaruguru, kandi umuyoboro wo kohereza ubushyuhe uhanahana ubushyuhe n'urwego rwo kubika ubushyuhe ruri imbere mu rukuta, ibyo bikaba byongera cyane ubushobozi bwo kubika ubushyuhe bw'urukuta. Byongeye kandi, sisitemu yo kubika ubushyuhe ihindura imirasire y'izuba yakozwe na Yan Yantao n'abandi ibika ubushyuhe mu bikoresho bihindura imirasire y'izuba binyuze mu bikoresho bikusanya imirasire y'izuba ku manywa, hanyuma igakwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu kirere cyo mu nzu binyuze mu kuzenguruka kw'ikirere nijoro, ibi bikaba bishobora kongera ubushyuhe bungana na 2.0°C nijoro. Ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho byo gukoresha ingufu z'izuba byavuzwe haruguru bifite imiterere yo kuzigama, kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya karuboni. Nyuma yo kunoza no kunoza, bigomba kugira amahirwe meza yo gukoreshwa mu turere dufite ingufu nyinshi z'izuba mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa.

Izindi koranabuhanga zifasha mu gushyushya

01 Gushyushya ingufu za biomass

Uburiri, ibyatsi, amase y'inka, amase y'intama n'amase y'inkoko bivangwa na bagiteri z'ibinyabuzima bigashyingurwa mu butaka mu buhumbikiro. Ubushyuhe bwinshi butangwa mu gihe cyo gushyushya, kandi ubwoko bwinshi bw'ingirakamaro, ibintu by'umwimerere na CO2 bitangwa mu gihe cyo gushyushya. Ubwoko bw'ingirakamaro bushobora gukumira no kwica udukoko dutandukanye, kandi bushobora kugabanya indwara n'udukoko mu buhumbikiro; Ibintu by'umwimerere bishobora kuba ifumbire y'ibihingwa; CO2 ikorwa ishobora kongera ubwiza bw'ibihingwa. Urugero, Wei Wenxiang yahishe ifumbire ishyushye nk'ifumbire y'amafarashi, ifumbire y'inka n'ifumbire y'intama mu butaka bwo mu nzu mu buhumbikiro bw'izuba mu gace ka Qinghai, byazamuye ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka. Mu buhumbikiro bw'izuba mu gace k'ubutayu bwa Gansu, Zhou Zhilong yakoresheje ifumbire y'ibyatsi n'ifumbire y'umwimerere kugira ngo ishyushye hagati y'ibihingwa. Ikizamini cyagaragaje ko ubushyuhe bw'ubuhumbikiro bushobora kwiyongeraho 2 ~ 3 ℃.

02 Gushyushya amakara

Hari amashyiga y’ubukorano, icyuma gishyushya amazi gikoresha ingufu nke ndetse n’ubushyuhe. Urugero, nyuma y’iperereza ryakorewe muri Qinghai Plateau, Wei Wenxiang yasanze ubushyuhe bw’amashyiga bw’ubukorano bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gace runaka. Ubu buryo bwo gushyushya bufite ibyiza byo gushyushya vuba kandi bugatuma ubushyuhe bugaragara. Ariko, imyuka mibi nka SO2, CO na H2S izakorwa mu gihe cyo gutwika amakara, bityo ni ngombwa gukora akazi keza ko gusohora imyuka mibi.

03 gushyushya hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi

Koresha insinga zishyushya zikoresha amashanyarazi kugira ngo ushyushye igisenge cy'imbere cy'ubushyuhe, cyangwa ukoreshe icyuma gishyushya gikoresha amashanyarazi. Ingaruka zo gushyushya ziratangaje, ikoreshwa ryabyo ni ryiza, nta mwanda uturuka muri ubu bushyuhe, kandi ibikoresho bishyushya biroroshye kubigenzura. Chen Weiqian n'abandi batekereza ko ikibazo cyo kwangirika kw'ubukonje mu gihe cy'itumba mu gace ka Jiuquan kibangamira iterambere ry'ubuhinzi bwa Gobi, kandi ibikoresho bishyushya amashanyarazi bishobora gukoreshwa mu gushyushya ubushyuhe. Ariko, bitewe n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu z'amashanyarazi nziza, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ni rinini kandi igiciro ni kinini. Bivugwa ko byagombye gukoreshwa nk'uburyo bw'agateganyo bwo gushyushya byihutirwa mu gihe cy'ubukonje bukabije.

Ingamba zo gucunga ibidukikije

Mu gihe cyo gukora no gukoresha ubuhinzi bw’ibimera, ibikoresho byose n’imikorere isanzwe ntibishobora kwemeza neza ko ibidukikije bishyushye byujuje ibisabwa mu gishushanyo. Mu by’ukuri, imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ibikoresho akenshi bigira uruhare runini mu gushyiraho no kubungabunga ibidukikije bishyushye, icy’ingenzi muri byo kikaba ari ugucunga buri munsi igitambaro n’imyobo ishyushya ubushyuhe.

Gucunga igitambaro cyo gukingira ubushyuhe

Igitambaro cyo gukingira ubushyuhe ni ingenzi ku bushyuhe bwo mu gisenge cy’imbere nijoro, bityo ni ingenzi cyane kunoza imicungire yacyo ya buri munsi n’iy’ubwisungane, cyane cyane ibibazo bikurikira bigomba kwitabwaho: ①Hitamo igihe gikwiye cyo gufungura no gufunga igitambaro cyo gukingira ubushyuhe. Igihe cyo gufungura no gufunga igitambaro cyo gukingira ubushyuhe ntikigira ingaruka gusa ku gihe cyo kumurikira igisenge cy’ubushyuhe, ahubwo kinagira ingaruka ku buryo bwo gushyushya mu gisenge cy’ubushyuhe. Gufungura no gufunga igitambaro cyo gukingira ubushyuhe kare cyane cyangwa bitinze ntabwo bifasha gukusanya ubushyuhe. Mu gitondo, niba igitambaro cyapfunduwe kare cyane, ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu buzagabanuka cyane bitewe n’ubushyuhe bwo hanze buke n’urumuri ruto. Ahubwo, niba igihe cyo gufungura igitambaro cyatinze cyane, igihe cyo kwakira urumuri mu gisenge cy’ubushyuhe kizagabanuka, kandi igihe cyo kuzamuka k’ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu kizatinda. Ku gicamunsi, niba igitambaro cyo gukingira ubushyuhe cyazimye kare cyane, igihe cyo gushyiramo urumuri mu nzu kizagabanuka, kandi ububiko bw’ubushyuhe bw’ubutaka n’inkuta byo mu nzu bizagabanuka. Ahubwo, niba ubushyuhe bwazimye bitinze cyane, ubushyuhe bwa greenhouse buziyongera bitewe n’ubushyuhe bwo hanze buke n’urumuri ruto. Muri rusange, iyo umugozi wo gushyushya ufunguye mu gitondo, ni byiza ko ubushyuhe buzamuka nyuma yo kugabanuka kwa 1 ~ 2 ℃, mu gihe umugozi wo gushyushya ufunguye uzima, ni byiza ko ubushyuhe buzamuka nyuma yo kugabanuka kwa 1 ~ 2 ℃. ② Mu gihe ufunga umugozi wo gushyushya uzima, witondere kureba niba umugozi wo gushyushya upfutse ibisenge byose by'imbere neza, kandi ubihindure ku gihe niba hari icyuho. ③ Nyuma yuko umugozi wo gushyushya ushyizwe hasi burundu, reba niba igice cyo hasi cyarapfunyitse, kugira ngo wirinde ko ubushyuhe bushobora kuzamurwa n'umuyaga nijoro. ④ Reba kandi ukomeze umugozi wo gushyushya uzima ku gihe, cyane cyane iyo umugozi wo gushyushya wangiritse, usane cyangwa uwusimbuze ku gihe. ⑤ Witondere imiterere y'ikirere ku gihe. Iyo imvura cyangwa urubura biguye, pfuka umugozi wo gushyushya uzima ku gihe kandi ukureho urubura ku gihe.

Gucunga imiyoboro y'amazi

Intego yo guhumeka mu gihe cy'itumba ni uguhindura ubushyuhe bw'umwuka kugira ngo hirindwe ubushyuhe bukabije ahagana saa sita z'amanywa; Icya kabiri ni ukugabanya ubushuhe bwo mu nzu, kugabanya ubushuhe bw'umwuka mu nzu no kurwanya udukoko n'indwara; Icya gatatu ni ukongera ubwinshi bwa CO2 mu nzu no guteza imbere imikurire y'ibihingwa. Ariko, guhumeka no kubungabunga ubushyuhe biravuguruzanya. Iyo guhumeka bidacunzwe neza, bishobora gutera ibibazo by'ubushyuhe buke. Kubwibyo, igihe n'igihe cyo gufungura imyobo bigomba guhindurwa hakurikijwe imiterere y'ibidukikije by'inzu igihe icyo ari cyo cyose. Mu turere two mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba tutari duhingwamo, gucunga imyobo ihumekamo imyobo bigabanyijemo uburyo bubiri: gukoresha intoki no guhumeka byoroshye. Ariko, igihe cyo gufungura n'igihe cyo guhumeka kw'imyobo bishingira ahanini ku bitekerezo by'abantu, bityo bishobora kubaho ko imyobo ifunguwe kare cyane cyangwa itinze cyane. Kugira ngo bikemure ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru, Yin Yilei n'abandi bakoze igikoresho cy'ubuhumekero gikoresha ubwenge ku gisenge, gishobora kugena igihe cyo gufungura n'ingano yo gufungura no gufunga y'imyobo ihumeka bitewe n'impinduka z'ibidukikije byo mu nzu. Bitewe no kwiyongera k’ubushakashatsi ku itegeko rigenga imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije n’ibikenewe mu buhinzi, ndetse no gukwirakwiza no gutera imbere kw’ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho nko gusobanukirwa ibidukikije, gukusanya amakuru, gusesengura no kugenzura, gukoresha uburyo bwo gucunga umwuka mu byuma bikoresha imirasire y’izuba mu buryo bwikora bigomba kuba icyerekezo cy’ingenzi cy’iterambere mu gihe kizaza.

Izindi ngamba zo gucunga

Mu gukoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwa firime zo mu gikoni, ubushobozi bwo kohereza urumuri buzagenda bugabanuka buhoro buhoro, kandi umuvuduko wo kugabanuka ntabwo ufitanye isano n'imiterere yabyo gusa, ahubwo unafitanye isano n'ibidukikije biyikikije n'imicungire yayo mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha. Mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha, ikintu cy'ingenzi gituma ubushobozi bwo kohereza urumuri bugabanuka ni umwanda w'ubuso bwa firime. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane gukora isuku no gusukura buri gihe igihe ibintu bibishoboza. Byongeye kandi, imiterere y'ubuso bw'ubuso igomba kugenzurwa buri gihe. Iyo hari amazi mu rukuta no ku gisenge cy'imbere, igomba gusanwa ku gihe kugira ngo ubwiza bw'ubuso butagira ingaruka ku mwuka ukonje winjira.

Ibibazo bihari n'icyerekezo cy'iterambere

Abashakashatsi bamaze imyaka myinshi basesengura kandi biga ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika no kubika ubushyuhe, ikoranabuhanga ryo gucunga no gushyushya amazu y’ibimera mu turere tudahingwa mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba, ibyo bikaba byaratumye umusaruro w’imboga urushaho kwiyongera mu gihe cy’itumba, byazamuye cyane ubushobozi bw’ubusitani bwo kurwanya ubukonje buke, kandi byanagaragaje umusaruro w’imboga mu gihe cy’itumba. Byagize uruhare mu mateka mu kugabanya ivuguruzanya riri hagati y’ibiribwa n’imboga bihatanira ubutaka mu Bushinwa. Ariko, haracyari ibibazo bikurikira mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kwemeza ubushyuhe mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bw’Ubushinwa.

Ubwoko bw'amazu akoreshwa mu kuvugurura ibidukikije bugiye kuvugururwa

Kugeza ubu, ubwoko bw'inzu zitunganya ibiti buracyari ubwazo zisanzwe zubatswe mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20 no mu ntangiriro z'iki kinyejana, zifite imiterere yoroshye, imiterere idahwitse, ubushobozi buke bwo kubungabunga ubushyuhe bw'ibikomoka ku bidukikije no kurwanya ibiza, ndetse no kutagira ubuziranenge. Kubwibyo, mu gishushanyo mbonera cy'inzu zitunganya ibiti mu gihe kizaza, imiterere n'impande z'igisenge cy'imbere, inguni y'ubushyuhe, uburebure bw'urukuta rw'inyuma, ubujyakuzimu bw'inzu zitunganya ibiti, nibindi bigomba gupimwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhuza neza imiterere y'ubutaka n'ikirere. Muri icyo gihe, igihingwa kimwe gusa ni cyo gishobora guterwa mu nzu zitunganya ibiti mu buryo bushoboka bwose, kugira ngo hakorwe uburyo busanzwe bwo guhuza ibidukikije hakurikijwe ibisabwa n'urumuri n'ubushyuhe bw'ibihingwa byatewe.

Igipimo cy'izuba riva mu kirere ni gito ugereranyije.

Iyo ingano y’ubushyuhe ari nto cyane, bizagira ingaruka ku ituze ry’ibidukikije bishyuha mu bushyuhe no ku iterambere ry’imashini. Uko ikiguzi cy’abakozi kigenda cyiyongera buhoro buhoro, iterambere ry’imashini ni icyerekezo cy’ingenzi mu gihe kizaza. Bityo rero, mu gihe kizaza, tugomba gushingira ku rwego rw’iterambere ry’ibanze, kuzirikana ibyo imashini zikeneye mu iterambere, gushushanya neza ahantu imbere n’imiterere y’inzu zicururizwamo ibimera, kwihutisha ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ibikoresho by’ubuhinzi bibereye uturere, no kunoza igipimo cy’ikoreshwa ry’imashini mu gutunganya ibimera bishyuha. Muri icyo gihe, hakurikijwe ibyo imyaka n’imiterere y’ubuhinzi ikeneye, ibikoresho bireba bigomba guhuzwa n’amahame ngenderwaho, kandi ubushakashatsi n’iterambere bihujwe, udushya no gukwirakwiza umwuka uhumeka, kugabanya ubushyuhe, kubungabunga ubushyuhe n’ibikoresho bishyushya bigomba gutezwa imbere.

Ubunini bw'inkuta nk'umucanga n'ibiti bidafite uburibwe buracyari bwinshi.

Iyo urukuta ari runini cyane, nubwo ingaruka zo gushyushya ari nziza, bizagabanya igipimo cyo gukoresha ubutaka, byongera ikiguzi n'ingorane zo kubaka. Kubwibyo, mu iterambere ry'ejo hazaza, ku ruhande rumwe, ubugari bw'urukuta bushobora kunozwa mu buryo bwa siyansi hakurikijwe imiterere y'ikirere cyo mu gace; Ku rundi ruhande, tugomba guteza imbere urumuri no koroshya iterambere ry'urukuta rw'inyuma, kugira ngo urukuta rw'inyuma rw'urukuta rukomeze gusa akazi ko kubungabunga ubushyuhe, dukoreshe ibikoresho bikusanya imirasire y'izuba n'ibindi bikoresho kugira ngo dusimbuze uburyo bwo kubika no kurekura ubushyuhe bw'urukuta. Ibikusanya imirasire y'izuba bifite imiterere yo gukusanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukusanya ubushyuhe, kuzigama ingufu, karuboni nke n'ibindi, kandi byinshi muri byo bishobora kugenzura no kugenzura, kandi bishobora gukora ubushyuhe buturutse ku bidukikije hakurikijwe ibisabwa n'ibidukikije by'urukuta nijoro, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Hakenewe gukorwa igitambaro cyihariye cyo gukingira ubushyuhe.

Igisenge cy'imbere ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi cy'ubushyuhe bukwirakwira mu byumba by'ubushyuhe, kandi imikorere y'ubushyuhe bw'igitambaro cyo gukingira ubushyuhe igira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bushyuhe bwo mu nzu. Kuri ubu, imiterere y'ubushyuhe bw'ibimera mu duce tumwe na tumwe ntabwo ari myiza, kimwe mu bituma igitambaro cyo gukingira ubushyuhe kiba gito cyane, kandi imikorere y'ibikoresho byo gukingira ubushyuhe ntabwo ihagije. Muri icyo gihe, igitambaro cyo gukingira ubushyuhe kiracyafite ibibazo bimwe na bimwe, nko kudakoresha amazi no guserebeka ku rubura, gusaza byoroshye kw'ibikoresho byo hejuru n'iby'imbere, nibindi. Kubwibyo, mu gihe kizaza, ibikoresho bikwiye byo gukingira ubushyuhe bigomba gutoranywa mu buryo bwa siyansi hakurikijwe imiterere y'ikirere n'ibisabwa, kandi ibikoresho byihariye byo gukingira ubushyuhe bikwiye gukoreshwa mu gace no gukurura abantu bigomba gutegurwa no gutezwa imbere.

IHEREZO

Amakuru yavuzwe

Luo Ganliang, Cheng Jieyu, Wang Pingzhi, n'abandi. Ubushakashatsi ku miterere y'ikoranabuhanga ritanga ubushyuhe ku bidukikije ku bijyanye n'izuba mu butaka butari buhingwa mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba [J]. Ikoranabuhanga mu by'Ubuhinzi, 2022,42 (28):12-20.