Greenhouse horticultural technologie yubuhinzi 2022-12-02 17:30 yasohotse i Beijing

Gutezimbere pariki yizuba mubice bidahingwa nkubutayu, Gobi nubutaka bwumucanga byakemuye neza kwivuguruza hagati yibiribwa nimboga bihatanira ubutaka.Nibimwe mubintu byingenzi bidukikije bikura kugirango bikure kandi biteze imbere ibihingwa byubushyuhe, akenshi bigena intsinzi cyangwa kunanirwa kw umusaruro wibihingwa.Kubwibyo, guteza imbere pariki yizuba mubice bidahingwa, tugomba mbere na mbere gukemura ikibazo cyubushyuhe bwibidukikije bwa pariki.Muri iyi ngingo, uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bukoreshwa muri pariki y’ubutaka budahingwa mu myaka yashize, haravugwa incamake, hamwe n’ibibazo bihari hamwe n’icyerekezo cy’iterambere ry’ubushyuhe no kurengera ibidukikije muri pariki y’izuba zidahingwa zirasesengurwa kandi zikavunagurwa.

Ubushinwa bufite abaturage benshi kandi butunze ubutaka buboneka.Ibice birenga 85% by'ubutaka ni ubutaka budahingwa, bwibanda cyane cyane mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa.Inyandiko No1 ya Komite Nkuru mu 2022 yerekanye ko iterambere ry’ubuhinzi bw’ibikoresho rigomba kwihutishwa, kandi hashingiwe ku kurengera ibidukikije, hagomba gushakishwa ubutaka bw’ubutaka n’ubutayu bushobora gukoreshwa hagamijwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi bw’ibikoresho.Amajyaruguru y'Uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa bukungahaye ku butayu, Gobi, ubutayu ndetse n'ubundi butaka budahingwa hamwe n'umucyo karemano n'ubushyuhe, bikwiranye no guteza imbere ubuhinzi bw'ibikoresho.Kubera iyo mpamvu, guteza imbere no gukoresha umutungo w’ubutaka budahingwa hagamijwe guteza imbere pariki z’ubutaka budahingwa bifite akamaro kanini mu guharanira umutekano w’ibiribwa mu gihugu no gukemura amakimbirane akoreshwa mu butaka.

Kugeza ubu, parike y’izuba idahingwa nuburyo nyamukuru bwo guteza imbere ubuhinzi bunoze cyane mubutaka budahingwa.Mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa, itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe hagati y'amanywa n'ijoro ni rinini, kandi ubushyuhe nijoro mu gihe cy'itumba ni buke, ibyo bikaba akenshi biganisha ku kintu cyerekana ko ubushyuhe bwo mu ngo buri munsi buri munsi y'ubushyuhe bukenewe kugira ngo imikurire isanzwe n'iterambere. imyaka.Ubushyuhe ni kimwe mu bintu by’ibidukikije byingirakamaro mu mikurire n’iterambere ry’ibihingwa.Ubushyuhe buke cyane buzadindiza reaction ya physiologique na biohimiki yibihingwa kandi bidindiza imikurire niterambere.Iyo ubushyuhe buri munsi yumupaka ibihingwa bishobora kwihanganira, bizanatera imvune ikonje.Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa cyane cyane kumenya ubushyuhe bukenewe kugirango imikurire isanzwe niterambere ryibihingwa.Kugumana ubushyuhe bukwiye bwa parike yizuba, ntabwo igipimo kimwe gishobora gukemurwa.Igomba kwemezwa uhereye kubishushanyo mbonera, kubaka, guhitamo ibikoresho, kugenzura no gucunga buri munsi.Kubera iyo mpamvu, iyi ngingo izavuga muri make uko ubushakashatsi bugeze ndetse n’iterambere ry’ubushyuhe bw’ibihingwa bidahingwa mu Bushinwa mu myaka yashize uhereye ku bijyanye n’ibishushanyo mbonera n’ubwubatsi, kubungabunga ubushyuhe n’ubushyuhe ndetse n’imicungire y’ibidukikije, kugira ngo bitange ibisobanuro kuri gahunda kuri igishushanyo mbonera no gucunga pariki zidahingwa.

Imiterere ya parike n'ibikoresho

Ibidukikije byubushyuhe bwa parike biterwa ahanini nogukwirakwiza, gufata no kubika pariki kumirasire yizuba, bifitanye isano nigishushanyo mbonera cyerekana icyerekezo cya parike, imiterere nibikoresho byubuso bwumucyo, imiterere nibikoresho byurukuta nigisenge cyinyuma, Gukingira umusingi, ingano ya parike, uburyo bwo kubika nijoro hamwe nibikoresho byo hejuru yinzu, nibindi, kandi bijyanye no kumenya niba inzira yo kubaka no kubaka pariki ishobora kwemeza neza ibisabwa byubushakashatsi.

Ubushobozi bwo kohereza urumuri hejuru yinzu

Ingufu nyamukuru muri parike zituruka ku zuba.Kongera ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza urumuri hejuru yinzu ni ingirakamaro kuri pariki kugirango ibone ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi ni nishingiro ryingenzi kugirango harebwe ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwa parike mugihe cy'itumba.Kugeza ubu, hari uburyo butatu bwingenzi bwo kongera ubushobozi bwo kohereza urumuri nigihe cyo kwakira urumuri hejuru yinzu ya parike.

01 gushushanya icyerekezo cyiza cya parike na azimuth

Icyerekezo cya pariki kigira ingaruka kumikorere ya parike nubushobozi bwo kubika ubushyuhe bwa parike.Kubwibyo, kugirango tubone ubushyuhe bwinshi muri pariki, icyerekezo cya pariki zidahingwa mu majyaruguru yuburengerazuba bwUbushinwa kireba amajyepfo.Kuri azimuti yihariye ya pariki, iyo uhisemo amajyepfo ugana iburasirazuba, ni byiza "gufata izuba", kandi ubushyuhe bwo murugo buzamuka vuba mugitondo;Iyo amajyepfo ugana iburengerazuba byatoranijwe, ni byiza ko pariki ikoresha urumuri rwa nyuma ya saa sita.Icyerekezo cyamajyepfo ni ubwumvikane hagati yibi bihe byavuzwe haruguru.Ukurikije ubumenyi bwa geofiziki, isi izunguruka 360 ° kumunsi, kandi azimuti yizuba igenda nka 1 ° buri minota 4.Kubwibyo, burigihe burigihe azimuth ya pariki itandukanijwe na 1 °, igihe cyizuba ryizuba kizatandukana niminota 4, ni ukuvuga ko azimuti ya parike igira ingaruka mugihe pariki ibona urumuri mugitondo nimugoroba.

Iyo mugitondo na nyuma ya saa sita amasaha yumucyo angana, kandi iburasirazuba cyangwa iburengerazuba biri kumurongo umwe, pariki izabona amasaha amwe.Nyamara, kubice byamajyaruguru ya 37 ° uburinganire bwamajyaruguru, ubushyuhe buri hasi mugitondo, kandi igihe cyo gufungura igitambaro kiratinda, mugihe ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane nyuma ya saa sita nimugoroba, birakwiye rero gutinza igihe cya gufunga igituba cyumuriro.Kubwibyo, uturere tugomba guhitamo amajyepfo ugana iburengerazuba kandi tugakoresha byuzuye urumuri rwa nyuma ya saa sita.Kubice bifite 30 ° ~ 35 ° yuburebure bwamajyaruguru, kubera uburyo bwiza bwo kumurika mugitondo, igihe cyo kubika ubushyuhe no gupfundura igifuniko nacyo gishobora gutera imbere.Kubwibyo, uturere dukwiye guhitamo icyerekezo cyamajyepfo-yuburasirazuba kugirango duharanire imirasire yizuba ya mugitondo ya parike.Nyamara, mu gace ka 35 ° ~ 37 ° mu burebure bw’amajyaruguru, nta tandukaniro rito ry’imirasire yizuba mugitondo na nyuma ya saa sita, nibyiza rero guhitamo icyerekezo cyamajyepfo.Yaba mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba cyangwa mu majyepfo y'iburengerazuba, inguni yo gutandukana muri rusange ni 5 ° ~ 8 °, kandi ntarengwa ntishobora kurenga 10 °.Amajyaruguru y'Uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa buri hagati ya 37 ° ~ 50 ° mu burebure bw'amajyaruguru, bityo inguni ya azimuth ya pariki muri rusange kuva mu majyepfo ugana iburengerazuba.Urebye ibi, pariki yizuba yizuba yateguwe na Zhang Jingshe nibindi mukarere ka Taiyuan yahisemo icyerekezo cya 5 ° iburengerazuba bwamajyepfo, parike yizuba ryubatswe na Chang Meimei nibindi mukarere ka Gobi muri koridor ya Hexi yafashe icyerekezo. ya 5 ° kugeza 10 ° mu burengerazuba bw'amajyepfo, hamwe na parike yizuba yubatswe na Ma Zhigui nibindi mumajyaruguru ya Sinayi yafashe icyerekezo cya 8 ° iburengerazuba bwamajyepfo.

02 Shushanya neza igisenge cyimbere kandi gifatanye

Imiterere nuburinganire bwigisenge cyimbere bigena impande zibyabaye kumirasire yizuba.Gutoya yibyabaye, niko kohereza.Sun Juren yizera ko imiterere y'igisenge cy'imbere igenwa ahanini n'ikigereranyo cy'uburebure bw'ubuso bunini bw'amatara hamwe n'ahantu h'inyuma.Ahantu hahanamye hambere hahanamye hafite akamaro kumurika no kubika ubushyuhe hejuru yinzu.Chen Wei-Qian n'abandi batekereza ko igisenge kinini cyo kumurika pariki yizuba ikoreshwa mukarere ka Gobi ifata arc izenguruka ifite radiyo ya 4.5m, ishobora kurwanya ubukonje neza.Zhang Jingshe, nibindi bibwira ko ari byiza gukoresha igice cyizengurutsa igice hejuru yinzu ya pariki muri alpine nuburebure burebure.Kubijyanye nu mpande zifatika z'igisenge cy'imbere, ukurikije ibiranga ihererekanyabubasha rya firime ya plastike, iyo impande yibyabaye ari 0 ~ 40 °, kwerekana igisenge cy'imbere kugeza ku zuba ni bito, kandi iyo birengeje 40 °, kwigaragaza byiyongera cyane.Kubwibyo, 40 ° ifatwa nkimpande ntarengwa yibyabaye kugirango ibare inguni ihanamye hejuru yinzu, kuburyo no mugihe cyizuba ryinshi, imirasire yizuba ishobora kwinjira muri parike kurwego runini.Kubwibyo, mugihe hateguwe pariki yizuba ikwiranye nubutaka budahingwa muri Wuhai, Mongoliya Imbere, He Bin nabandi babaze inguni ihanamye yinzu hejuru yimbere ifite impande 40 °, hanyuma batekereza ko mugihe kirenze 30 °, irashobora kuzuza ibisabwa byo gucana parike no kubungabunga ubushyuhe.Zhang Caihong n'abandi batekereza ko iyo bubatse pariki mu bice by’ubuhinzi bw’i Sinayi, imfuruka y’igisenge cy’imbere cy’ibiraro mu majyepfo ya Sinayi ni 31 °, mu gihe mu majyaruguru ya Sinayi ari 32 ° ~ 33.5 °.

03 Hitamo ibikoresho bikwiranye neza.

Usibye ingaruka ziterwa nimirasire yizuba yo hanze, ibintu biranga ibintu nu mucyo biranga firime ya parike nabyo ni ibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumucyo nubushyuhe bwa parike.Kugeza ubu, kohereza urumuri rwa firime ya plastike nka PE, PVC, EVA na PO biratandukanye kubera ibikoresho bitandukanye n'ubunini bwa firime.Muri rusange, ihererekanyabubasha rya firime zimaze imyaka 1-3 zishobora kwemezwa ko ziri hejuru ya 88% muri rusange, zigomba gutoranywa ukurikije ibihingwa bikenera urumuri nubushyuhe.Mubyongeyeho, usibye kohereza urumuri muri parike, gukwirakwiza ibidukikije byoroheje muri pariki nabyo ni ibintu abantu bitondera cyane.Kubera iyo mpamvu, mu myaka yashize, urumuri rutwikiriye ibintu bifite urumuri rwinshi rwo gukwirakwiza rwamenyekanye cyane mu nganda, cyane cyane mu turere dufite imirasire y'izuba ikomeye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa.Gukoresha firime yumucyo mwinshi ukwirakwiza byagabanije ingaruka zo kugicucu hejuru no hepfo yumurima wibihingwa, byongera urumuri hagati no hepfo yibice byibihingwa, kunoza imiterere ya fotosintetike yibihingwa byose, kandi byerekana ingaruka nziza yo kuzamura gukura no kongera umusaruro.

Igishushanyo mbonera cyubunini bwa parike

Uburebure bwa pariki ni ndende cyane cyangwa ngufi cyane, bizagira ingaruka ku kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu.Iyo uburebure bwa pariki ari bugufi cyane, mbere yuko izuba rirasa n'izuba rirenze, agace gatwikiriwe na gare y'iburasirazuba n'iburengerazuba ni nini, kikaba kidafasha ubushyuhe bwa parike, kandi kubera ubwinshi bwacyo, bizagira ingaruka ku butaka bwo mu nzu no ku rukuta. kwinjiza no kurekura ubushyuhe.Iyo uburebure ari bunini cyane, biragoye kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu, kandi bizagira ingaruka kumiterere yimiterere ya parike hamwe nuburyo bwo kubika ubushyuhe bwo kubika ubushyuhe.Uburebure n'uburebure bwa pariki bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mucyo w'igisenge cy'imbere, ubunini bw'ahantu haparika ndetse n'ikigereranyo cyo gukumira.Iyo uburebure n'uburebure bwa pariki bikosowe, kongera uburebure bwa pariki birashobora kongera inguni yo kumurika hejuru yinzu uhereye kumiterere yumucyo, bifasha kohereza urumuri;Duhereye ku bidukikije byubushyuhe, uburebure bwurukuta bwiyongera, kandi ahantu ho kubika ubushyuhe bwurukuta rwinyuma hiyongera, ibyo bikaba bifasha kubika ubushyuhe no kurekura ubushyuhe bwurukuta rwinyuma.Byongeye kandi, umwanya ni munini, ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe nabwo ni bunini, kandi ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa parike burahagaze neza.Birumvikana ko kongera uburebure bwa parike bizongera igiciro cya parike, gikeneye kwitabwaho byuzuye.Kubwibyo, mugihe dushushanya pariki, tugomba guhitamo uburebure buringaniye, uburebure n'uburebure ukurikije imiterere yaho.Kurugero, Zhang Caihong nabandi batekereza ko mumajyaruguru ya Sinayi, uburebure bwa parike ni 50 ~ 80m, uburebure bwa 7m naho uburebure bwa pariki ni 3,9m, mugihe mu majyepfo ya Sinayi, uburebure bwa parike ni 50 ~ 80m, uburebure ni 8m naho uburebure bwa parike ni 3,6 ~ 4.0m;Bifatwa kandi ko umwanya wa pariki utagomba kuba munsi ya 7m, kandi mugihe uburebure bwa 8m, ingaruka zo kubika ubushyuhe nibyiza.Byongeye kandi, Chen Weiqian n'abandi batekereza ko uburebure, uburebure n'uburebure bwa parike y'izuba bigomba kuba 80m, 8 ~ 10m na ​​3.8 ~ 4.2m uko byubatswe mu gace ka Gobi ka Jiuquan, Gansu.

Kunoza ububiko bwubushyuhe nubushobozi bwurukuta

Ku manywa, urukuta rukusanya ubushyuhe mu gukuramo imirasire y'izuba n'ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere runaka.Mwijoro, iyo ubushyuhe bwo murugo buri munsi yubushyuhe bwurukuta, urukuta ruzarekura ubushyuhe kugirango ubushyuhe bwa parike.Nkibikoresho nyamukuru bibika ubushyuhe bwa parike, urukuta rushobora kuzamura cyane ubushyuhe bwimbere mu nzu hongerwa ubushobozi bwo kubika ubushyuhe.Muri icyo gihe, imikorere yubushyuhe bwumuriro wurukuta nirwo shingiro ryumutekano wibidukikije bya parike.Kugeza ubu, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kunoza ububiko nubushyuhe bwinkuta.

01 gushushanya urukuta rukwiye

Imikorere y'urukuta ikubiyemo cyane cyane kubika ubushyuhe no kubungabunga ubushyuhe, kandi muri icyo gihe, ibyinshi mu nkuta za pariki nabyo bikora nk'abanyamuryango bitwaje imitwaro kugirango bashyigikire igisenge.Duhereye ku kubona ibidukikije byiza byubushyuhe, imiterere yurukuta rwumvikana igomba kuba ifite ubushobozi bwo kubika ubushyuhe buhagije kuruhande rwimbere hamwe nubushobozi buhagije bwo kubika ubushyuhe kuruhande rwinyuma, mugihe bigabanya ibiraro bikonje bidakenewe.Mu bushakashatsi bwo kubika ubushyuhe bw’urukuta no kubika, Bao Encai n’abandi bashushanyije urukuta rukomeye rw’ububiko bw’umucanga mu gace ka Wuhai, mu gihugu cya Mongoliya.Amatafari manini yakoreshwaga nk'urwego rwo kubika hanze kandi umucanga ukomeye wakoreshwaga nk'ububiko bw'ubushyuhe imbere.Ikizamini cyerekanye ko ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu bushobora kugera kuri 13.7 ℃ mu gihe cyizuba.Ma Yuehong etc.Urukuta ruzengurutse rwashizweho na Zhao Peng, nibindi mu gace ka Gobi mu ntara ya Gansu, rukoresha ikibaho cya benzene 100mm nkigice cyo gukingira hanze n'umucanga n'amatafari yo kubumba nk'ububiko bw'ubushyuhe imbere.Ikizamini cyerekana ko ubushyuhe buringaniye mu gihe cy'itumba buri hejuru ya 10 ℃ nijoro, na Chai Regeneration, nibindi bikoresha umucanga na kaburimbo nk'urwego rwo kubika no kubika ubushyuhe bw'urukuta mu gace ka Gobi mu ntara ya Gansu.Mu rwego rwo kugabanya ibiraro bikonje, Yan Junyue nibindi byashushanyije urukuta rwinyuma rworoshe kandi rworoheje rwateranijwe, ntirwatezimbere gusa ubushyuhe bwumuriro wurukuta, ahubwo rwanatezimbere imitungo ifunga urukuta rushyira ikibaho cya polystirene hanze yinyuma yinyuma urukuta;Wu Letian nibindi byashyizeho ibiti bikozwe hejuru ya beto hejuru yumusingi wurukuta rwa parike, kandi ikoresha amatafari ya trapezoidal yashyizweho kashe hejuru yumurambararo wimpeta kugirango ikemure igisenge cyinyuma, cyakemuye ikibazo cyuko gucikamo no kugabanuka byoroshye byoroshye kugaragara muri parike muri Hotiyani, Ubushinwa, bityo bigira ingaruka kumashanyarazi ya parike.

02 Hitamo ububiko bukwiye hamwe nibikoresho byo kubika.

Kubika ubushyuhe hamwe ningaruka zo kurukuta biterwa mbere no guhitamo ibikoresho.Mu butayu bwo mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, Gobi, ubutaka bw'umucanga n'utundi turere, ukurikije uko ikibanza cyifashe, abashakashatsi bafashe ibikoresho byaho kandi bagerageza bashize amanga bashushanya ubwoko butandukanye bw'inkuta zinyuma za pariki y'izuba.Kurugero, mugihe Zhang Guosen nabandi bubatse pariki mumirima yumucanga na kaburimbo i Gansu, umucanga na kaburimbo byakoreshwaga mububiko bwubushyuhe no kubika inkuta;Dukurikije ibiranga Gobi n'ubutayu mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa, Zhao Peng yateguye ubwoko bw'urukuta ruzengurutse umusenyi hamwe n'umusego wuzuye nk'ibikoresho.Ikizamini cyerekana ko impuzandengo yubushyuhe bwo murugo iri hejuru ya 10 ℃.Bitewe n'ubuke bw'ibikoresho byo kubaka nk'amatafari n'ibumba mu karere ka Gobi gaherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa, Zhou Changji n'abandi basanze pariki zo muri ako gace zikoresha amabuye y'agaciro nk'ibikoresho byo ku rukuta igihe bakoraga iperereza ku kiraro cy’izuba mu karere ka Gobi ka Kizilsu Kirgiz, mu Bushinwa.Urebye imikorere yubushyuhe nimbaraga za mashini zamabuye, pariki yubatswe namabuye ifite imikorere myiza mubijyanye no kubungabunga ubushyuhe, kubika ubushyuhe no gutwara imitwaro.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, Zhang Yong, nibindi bifashisha amabuye nkibikoresho nyamukuru byurukuta, kandi bashushanya ububiko bwigenga bwo kubika ubushyuhe bwamabuye yinyuma ya Shanxi nahandi.Ikizamini cyerekana ko ingaruka zo kubika ubushyuhe ari nziza.Zhang nibindi byashushanyije ubwoko bwurukuta rwumucanga ukurikije ibiranga agace k’amajyaruguru yuburengerazuba bwa Gobi, bishobora kuzamura ubushyuhe bwimbere muri 2.5 ℃.Byongeye kandi, Ma Yuehong n'abandi bagerageje ubushobozi bwo kubika ubushyuhe bw’urukuta rwuzuye umucanga, urukuta ruzitira hamwe n’urukuta rw'amatafari muri Hotiyani, Sinayi.Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko urukuta rwumusenyi rwuzuye rufite ubushobozi bunini bwo kubika ubushyuhe.Byongeye kandi, murwego rwo kunoza imikorere yo kubika ubushyuhe bwurukuta, abashakashatsi bategura byimazeyo ibikoresho bishya byo kubika ubushyuhe nubuhanga.Kurugero, Bao Encai yatanze icyifuzo cyo guhindura icyiciro cyo gukiza ibikoresho, bishobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere ubushobozi bwo kubika ubushyuhe bwurukuta rwinyuma rwa parike yizuba mumajyaruguru yuburengerazuba butarahingwa.Nkubushakashatsi bwibikoresho byaho, ibyatsi, slag, ikibaho cya benzene nicyatsi nabyo bikoreshwa nkibikoresho byo kurukuta, ariko ibyo bikoresho mubisanzwe bifite umurimo wo kubungabunga ubushyuhe gusa kandi nta bushobozi bwo kubika ubushyuhe.Muri rusange, inkuta zuzuye amabuye hamwe na bloks zifite ububiko bwiza bwo kubika no kubika.

03 Kongera muburyo bukwiye uburebure bwurukuta

Mubisanzwe, kurwanya ubushyuhe ni igipimo cyingenzi cyo gupima imikorere yubushyuhe bwumuriro wurukuta, kandi ikintu kigira ingaruka kumurwanya wubushyuhe nubunini bwurwego rwibintu usibye ubushyuhe bwumuriro bwibikoresho.Kubwibyo, hashingiwe ku gutoranya ibikoresho bikwiye byo gutwika ubushyuhe, kongera mu buryo bukwiye uburebure bwurukuta birashobora kongera ubushyuhe bwumuriro murukuta kandi bikagabanya gutakaza ubushyuhe binyuze murukuta, bityo bikongerera ubushyuhe bwumuriro nubushobozi bwo kubika ubushyuhe bwurukuta kandi pariki yose.Kurugero, muri Gansu no mu tundi turere, impuzandengo y’urukuta rw’umusenyi mu Mujyi wa Zhangye ni 2,6m, mu gihe urwo rukuta rw’amabuye ya minisiteri mu mujyi wa Jiuquan ari 3.7m.Urukuta runini, niko arirwo rushyuha rwinshi nubushobozi bwo kubika ubushyuhe.Nyamara, urukuta runini cyane ruzongera imirimo yubutaka nigiciro cyo kubaka pariki.Kubwibyo, duhereye ku kuzamura ubushobozi bwokoresha ubushyuhe bwumuriro, dukwiye kandi gushyira imbere guhitamo ibikoresho byinshi byo kubika ubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe buke bwumuriro, nka polystirene, polyurethane nibindi bikoresho, hanyuma tukongera umubyimba muburyo bukwiye.

Igishushanyo mbonera cyigisenge cyinyuma

Kubishushanyo mbonera yinzu yinyuma, icyifuzo nyamukuru ntabwo ari ugutera ingaruka zo kugicucu no kunoza ubushobozi bwo kubika ubushyuhe.Mu rwego rwo kugabanya ingaruka zo kugicucu ku gisenge cyinyuma, gushiraho inguni yacyo ihindagurika ahanini bishingiye kukuba igisenge cyinyuma gishobora kwakira izuba ryinshi kumanywa mugihe ibihingwa byatewe kandi bigatanga umusaruro.Kubwibyo, impagarike yuburebure bwigisenge cyinyuma muri rusange ihitamo kuba nziza kuruta izuba ryizuba ryaho ryizuba rya 7 ° ~ 8 °.Kurugero, Zhang Caihong nabandi batekereza ko mugihe twubatse pariki yizuba muri Gobi hamwe nubutaka bwa saline-alkali muri Sinayi, uburebure buteganijwe hejuru yinzu yinyuma ni 1,6m, bityo impande zihengamye zinzu yinyuma ni 40 ° mumajyepfo ya Sinayi na 45 ° mu majyaruguru ya Sinayi.Chen Wei-Qian n'abandi batekereza ko igisenge cy'inyuma cya parike y'izuba mu gace ka Jiuquan Gobi kigomba kuba kuri 40 °.Kugirango ubushyuhe bwumuriro bwigisenge cyinyuma, ubushobozi bwokwirinda ubushyuhe bugomba gukenerwa cyane cyane muguhitamo ibikoresho byokoresha ubushyuhe bwumuriro, igishushanyo mbonera gikenewe hamwe no guhuza ibice bifatika byifashishwa mu gihe cyo kubaka.

Mugabanye gutakaza ubushyuhe bwubutaka

Mu ijoro ryitumba, kubera ko ubushyuhe bwubutaka bwimbere buri hejuru yubutaka bwo hanze, ubushyuhe bwubutaka bwo murugo buzoherezwa hanze hifashishijwe ubushyuhe, bigatuma ubushyuhe bwa parike butakaza.Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kugabanya gutakaza ubushyuhe bwubutaka.

01 Ubutaka

Ubutaka burohama neza, birinda ubutaka bwakonje, kandi bukoresha ubutaka mukubungabunga ubushyuhe.Kurugero, "1448 ibikoresho-bitatu-umubiri-umwe" parike yizuba yatunganijwe na Chai Regeneration nubundi butaka budahingwa muri koridor ya Hexi yubatswe no gucukura 1m hasi, birinda neza ubutaka bwakonje;Ukurikije ko ubujyakuzimu bw’ubutaka bwakonje mu gace ka Turpan ari 0.8m, Wang Huamin n’abandi basabye gucukura 0.8m kugira ngo bongere ubushobozi bwo kubika ubushyuhe bwa parike.Iyo Zhang Guosen, nibindi byubatse urukuta rwinyuma rwa kabiri-firime ebyiri-gucukura parike yizuba kubutaka budahingwa, ubujyakuzimu bwari 1m.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ubushyuhe bwo hasi nijoro bwiyongereyeho 2 ~ 3 ℃ ugereranije n’icyatsi kibisi cya kabiri cy’izuba.

02 umusingi kurinda ubukonje

Uburyo nyamukuru nugucukura umwobo utagira ubukonje igice cyibanze cyigisenge cyimbere, kuzuza ibikoresho byubushyuhe bwumuriro, cyangwa guhora ushyingura ibikoresho byubushyuhe bwumuriro munsi yurukuta rwurufatiro, ibyo byose bigamije kugabanya ubushyuhe bwatewe na guhererekanya ubushyuhe binyuze mu butaka ku rubibi rwa parike.Ibikoresho byo gutwika amashyuza bikoreshwa ahanini bishingiye ku miterere yaho mu majyaruguru y’Uburengerazuba bw’Ubushinwa, kandi birashobora kuboneka mu karere, nk'ibyatsi, ibishishwa, ubwoya bwo mu rutare, ikibaho cya polystirene, ibyatsi byibigori, ifumbire y’ifarashi, amababi yaguye, ibyatsi bimenetse, ibiti, ibyatsi, ibyatsi, n'ibindi.

03 mulch

Mu gutwikira firime ya plastike, urumuri rwizuba rushobora kugera kubutaka binyuze muri firime ya plastike kumanywa, kandi ubutaka bukurura ubushyuhe bwizuba bugashyuha.Byongeye kandi, firime ya pulasitike irashobora guhagarika imirasire miremire igaragazwa nubutaka, bityo bikagabanya gutakaza imirasire yubutaka no kongera ubushyuhe bwubutaka.Mwijoro, firime ya pulasitike irashobora kubuza guhanahana ubushyuhe hagati yubutaka n’umwuka wo mu nzu, bityo bikagabanya ubushyuhe bwubutaka.Muri icyo gihe, firime ya pulasitike irashobora kandi kugabanya gutakaza ubushyuhe bwihishwa buterwa no guhumeka kwubutaka.Wei Wenxiang yatwikiriye parike na firime ya plastike mu kibaya cya Qinghai, kandi ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ubushyuhe bw’ubutaka bushobora kuzamuka nka 1 ℃.

Shimangira imikorere yubushyuhe bwumuriro hejuru yinzu

Igisenge cy'imbere cya pariki nubuso nyamukuru bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, kandi ubushyuhe bwatakaye bugera kuri 75% yubushyuhe bwose muri parike.Kubwibyo, gushimangira ubushobozi bwo kubika ubushyuhe hejuru yinzu ya parike birashobora kugabanya neza igihombo binyuze hejuru yinzu kandi bikazamura ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwa parike.Kugeza ubu, hari ingamba eshatu zingenzi zogutezimbere ubushyuhe bwumuriro bwigisenge cyimbere.

01 Igipande kinini kibonerana cyemewe.

Mu buryo bwubaka, ukoresheje firime ebyiri cyangwa firime eshatu nkibice byohereza urumuri rwa parike birashobora kunoza neza imikorere yubushyuhe bwa parike.Kurugero, Zhang Guosen nabandi bashushanyije ibyuma bibiri-byacukuwe kabiri ya firime yo gucukura izuba ryizuba mu gace ka Gobi mumujyi wa Jiuquan.Hanze y'igisenge cy'imbere cya parike ikozwe muri firime ya EVA, naho imbere muri parike ikozwe muri PVC itonyanga idafite anti-gusaza.Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ugereranije n’ibisekuru bya kabiri by’izuba rya kabiri, ingaruka ziterwa n’izuba ni nziza, kandi ubushyuhe bwo hasi nijoro buzamuka 2 ~ 3 ℃ ugereranije.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, Zhang Jingshe, n'ibindi byashushanyije pariki y'izuba ifite firime ebyiri zitwikiriye ikirere kiranga ikirere kinini n'ubukonje bukabije, ibyo bikaba byateje imbere cyane ubushyuhe bwa parike.Ugereranije na parike igenzura, ubushyuhe bwijoro bwiyongereyeho 3 ℃.Byongeye kandi, Wu Letian n'abandi bagerageje gukoresha ibice bitatu bya firime ya EVA yuburebure bwa 0.1mm hejuru yinzu y’imbere y’icyatsi kibisi cyashizwe mu butayu bwa Hetiyani, mu Bushinwa.Filime nyinshi irashobora kugabanya neza gutakaza ubushyuhe bwigisenge cyimbere, ariko kubera ko itara ryumucyo wa firime imwe igizwe ahanini na 90%, firime yibice byinshi mubisanzwe bizana kwangirika kwumucyo.Kubwibyo, mugihe uhitamo urumuri rwinshi rwumucyo woherejwe, birakenewe ko utekereza neza kumiterere yumucyo nibisabwa kumatara.

02 Shimangira ijoro ryigisenge cyimbere

Filime ya plastike ikoreshwa hejuru yinzu kugirango yongere itara ryamanywa kumanywa, kandi ihinduka ahantu hacitse intege muri parike yose nijoro.Kubwibyo, gutwikira hejuru yinyuma yinzu hejuru yuburiri hamwe nuburinganire bwimyumbati yubushyuhe nigipimo gikenewe cyo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwamashanyarazi yizuba.Kurugero, mukarere ka alingine ya Qinghai, Liu Yanjie nabandi bakoresheje umwenda wibyatsi hamwe nimpapuro za kraft nkibishishwa byokoresha ubushyuhe bwo gukora ubushakashatsi.Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byerekanye ko ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu buri muri parike nijoro bushobora kugera hejuru ya 7.7 ℃.Byongeye kandi, Wei Wenxiang yizera ko gutakaza ubushyuhe bwa pariki bishobora kugabanuka hejuru ya 90% ukoresheje umwenda w’ibyatsi bibiri cyangwa impapuro za kraft hanze y’umwenda w’ibyatsi kugira ngo ushushe ubushyuhe muri kariya gace.Byongeye kandi, Zou Ping, nibindi byakoresheje fibre yongeye gukoreshwa yatewe inshinge yumuriro wizuba muri pariki yizuba mukarere ka Gobi muntara ya Sinayi, na Chang Meimei, nibindi byakoreshaga ubushyuhe bwumuriro sandwich ipamba yubushyuhe bwamashanyarazi muri parike yizuba mukarere ka Gobi ka Hexi Koridor.Kugeza ubu, hari ubwoko bwinshi bwingofero ziterwa nubushyuhe bukoreshwa muri pariki yizuba, ariko inyinshi murizo zikozwe mumashanyarazi, inshinge zatewe na kole, ipamba ya puwaro, nibindi, hamwe nubutaka butarinda amazi cyangwa burwanya gusaza kumpande zombi.Dukurikije uburyo bwo kubika amashyuza yubushyuhe bwo gutwika ubushyuhe, kugirango tunoze imikorere yubushyuhe bwumuriro, dukwiye gutangirana no kunoza ubushyuhe bwumuriro no kugabanya ihererekanyabubasha ry’ubushyuhe, kandi ingamba nyamukuru ni ukugabanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro wibikoresho, kongera umubyimba wa Ibikoresho cyangwa kongera umubare wibikoresho, nibindi. Kubwibyo, kuri ubu, ibikoresho byibanze byubushyuhe bwumuriro hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwumuriro akenshi bikozwe mubikoresho byinshi.Nk’uko ikizamini cyabigaragaje, coefficient de coiffure yubushyuhe bwo gutwika ubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwumuriro muri iki gihe irashobora kugera kuri 0.5W / (m2 ℃), itanga garanti nziza yokwirinda ubushuhe bwamashyanyarazi ahantu hakonje mugihe cyitumba.Birumvikana ko agace k'amajyaruguru y'uburengerazuba ari umuyaga n'umukungugu, kandi imirasire ya ultraviolet irakomeye, bityo ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwumuriro bugomba kugira imikorere myiza yo kurwanya gusaza.

03 Ongeraho umwenda w'imbere.

Nubwo igisenge cyimbere cyicyatsi kibisi gitwikiriwe nubushyuhe bwo hanze bwumuriro nijoro, nkuko izindi nyubako za pariki zose zibivuga, igisenge cyimbere kiracyari ahantu habi kuri parike yose nijoro.Kubwibyo, itsinda ryumushinga wa "Imiterere nubwubatsi bwa tekinoroji ya Greenhouse mu majyaruguru yuburengerazuba bw’ubutaka budahingwa" bwashizeho uburyo bworoshye bwo gukwirakwiza amashyuza y’imbere (Ishusho 1), imiterere yayo igizwe n’umwenda uteganijwe w’imbere w’imbere w’imbere kandi icyimuka cyimbere cyimyenda yumuriro mumwanya wo hejuru.Umwenda wo hejuru wimukanwa wimyenda yubushyuhe urafungura kandi ukazinga kurukuta rwinyuma rwa parike kumanywa, ibyo ntibigire ingaruka kumurika rya parike;Ikariso ihamye yubushyuhe bwo hasi iragira uruhare rwo gufunga nijoro.Igishushanyo mbonera cyimbere ni cyiza kandi cyoroshye gukora, kandi gishobora no kugira uruhare mugicucu no gukonja mugihe cyizuba.

Ikoranabuhanga rishyushye

Kubera ubushyuhe buke mu gihe cy'itumba mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa, niba twishingikirije gusa ku kubungabunga ubushyuhe no kubika ubushyuhe muri pariki, ntidushobora kuzuza ibisabwa n'umusaruro w’ibihingwa bitumba mu gihe cy'ubukonje, bityo rero ingamba zimwe na zimwe zo gushyuha nazo ni bireba.

Kubika ingufu z'izuba hamwe na sisitemu yo kurekura ubushyuhe

Nimpamvu yingenzi ituma urukuta rufite imirimo yo kubungabunga ubushyuhe, kubika ubushyuhe no gutwara imizigo, ibyo bikaba biganisha ku giciro kinini cyo kubaka ndetse n’ikigereranyo gito cyo gukoresha ubutaka bwa parike y’izuba.Kubwibyo, koroshya no guteranya pariki yizuba bigomba kuba icyerekezo cyingenzi cyiterambere mugihe kizaza.Muri byo, koroshya imikorere yurukuta ni ukurekura ububiko bwubushyuhe no kurekura imikorere yurukuta, kuburyo urukuta rwinyuma rufite gusa imirimo yo kubungabunga ubushyuhe, nuburyo bwiza bwo koroshya iterambere.Kurugero, sisitemu yo kubika no gusohora cyane ya Fang Hui (Ishusho 2) ikoreshwa cyane mubice bidahingwa nka Gansu, Ningxia na Sinayi.Igikoresho cyacyo cyo gukusanya ubushyuhe kimanikwa kurukuta rwamajyaruguru.Ku manywa, ubushyuhe bwakusanyirijwe hamwe nigikoresho cyo gukusanya ubushyuhe bubikwa mu mububiko w’ubushyuhe binyuze mu kuzenguruka uburyo bwo kubika ubushyuhe, kandi nijoro, ubushyuhe burarekurwa kandi bugashyuha no kuzenguruka uburyo bwo kubika ubushyuhe, bityo bikamenya ko guhererekanya ubushyuhe mugihe n'umwanya.Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ubushyuhe buke muri pariki bushobora kuzamurwa na 3 ~ 5 ℃ ukoresheje iki gikoresho.Wang Zhiwei nibindi byashyizeho uburyo bwo gushyushya umwenda w’amazi kuri parike y’izuba mu majyepfo y’ubutayu bwa Sinayi, bishobora kongera ubushyuhe bwa parike kuri 2,1 ℃ nijoro.

Mubyongeyeho, Bao Encai nibindi byashizeho uburyo bwo kubika ubushyuhe bukoreshwa kurukuta rwamajyaruguru.Ku manywa, binyuze mu kuzenguruka kw'abafana ba axial, umwuka ushyushye wo mu nzu unyura mu muyoboro woherejwe n'ubushyuhe winjijwe mu rukuta rwo mu majyaruguru, kandi umuyoboro wohereza ubushyuhe uhana ubushyuhe hamwe n'ububiko bw'ubushyuhe imbere mu rukuta, ibyo bikaba byongera cyane ubushobozi bwo kubika ubushyuhe bwa urukuta.Byongeye kandi, sisitemu yo kubika ubushyuhe bwizuba ryateguwe na Yan Yantao nibindi bibika ubushyuhe mubikoresho byo guhindura ibyiciro binyuze mumashanyarazi akomoka kumirasire y'izuba kumanywa, hanyuma bigatanga ubushyuhe mumyuka yo murugo binyuze mukuzenguruka ikirere nijoro, bishobora kongera impuzandengo y'ubushyuhe na 2.0 ℃ nijoro.Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji n’ibikoresho byavuzwe haruguru bifite ibiranga ubukungu, kuzigama ingufu na karubone nkeya.Nyuma yo gutezimbere no gutera imbere, bagomba kugira ibyifuzo byiza byo gukoreshwa mubice bifite ingufu nyinshi zizuba ryizuba muburengerazuba bwubushinwa.

Ubundi buhanga bwo gushyushya ibikoresho

01 gushyushya ingufu za biomass

Ibitanda, ibyatsi, amase yinka, amase yintama n amase yinkoko bivangwa na bagiteri yibinyabuzima hanyuma bigashyingurwa mubutaka muri parike.Ubushyuhe bwinshi butangwa mugihe cya fermentation, kandi ibintu byinshi byingirakamaro, ibintu kama na CO2 bibyara mugihe cya fermentation.Ubwoko bw'ingirakamaro bushobora kubuza no kwica mikorobe zitandukanye, kandi birashobora kugabanya indwara ziterwa na pariki;Ibinyabuzima bishobora guhinduka ifumbire y ibihingwa;CO2 yakozwe irashobora kuzamura fotosintezeza yibihingwa.Kurugero, Wei Wenxiang yashyinguye ifumbire mvaruganda ishyushye nk'ifumbire y'ifarashi, ifumbire y'inka n'ifumbire y'intama mu butaka bwo mu nzu y’icyatsi kibisi kiri mu kibaya cya Qinghai, cyazamuye ubushyuhe bw’ubutaka.Muri pariki yizuba mu butayu bwa Gansu hou Zhou Zhilong yakoresheje ibyatsi n’ifumbire mvaruganda kugirango asembure hagati y ibihingwa.Ikizamini cyerekanye ko ubushyuhe bwa pariki bushobora kwiyongera kuri 2 ~ 3 ℃.

Gushyushya amakara

Hano hari amashyiga yubukorikori, ashyushya amazi azigama kandi ashyushya.Kurugero, nyuma yiperereza ryabereye mu kibaya cya Qinghai, Wei Wenxiang yasanze gushyushya itanura ryakozwe cyane cyane mu karere.Ubu buryo bwo gushyushya bufite ibyiza byo gushyushya byihuse ningaruka zigaragara zo gushyushya.Nyamara, imyuka yangiza nka SO2, CO na H2S izakorwa mugihe cyo gutwika amakara, bityo rero birakenewe gukora akazi keza ko gusohora imyuka yangiza.

03 gushyushya amashanyarazi

Koresha insinga zishyushya amashanyarazi kugirango ushushe igisenge cyimbere cya parike, cyangwa ukoreshe icyuma gishyushya amashanyarazi.Ingaruka yo gushyushya iratangaje, ikoreshwa ni umutekano, nta myanda ihumanya muri parike, kandi ibikoresho byo gushyushya biroroshye kugenzura.Chen Weiqian n'abandi batekereza ko ikibazo cyo gukonjesha ubukonje mu gihe cy'itumba mu gace ka Jiuquan kibangamira iterambere ry’ubuhinzi bwa Gobi, kandi ibikoresho byo gushyushya amashanyarazi birashobora gukoreshwa mu gushyushya parike.Nyamara, kubera gukoresha ingufu zamashanyarazi zifite ubuziranenge bwiza, gukoresha ingufu ni byinshi kandi igiciro ni kinini.Birasabwa ko bigomba gukoreshwa nkuburyo bwigihe gito bwo gushyushya byihutirwa mugihe cyubukonje bukabije.

Ingamba zo gucunga ibidukikije

Mubikorwa byo gukora no gukoresha pariki, ibikoresho byuzuye nibikorwa bisanzwe ntibishobora kwemeza neza ko ibidukikije byubushyuhe byujuje ibisabwa.Mubyukuri, imikoreshereze nogucunga ibikoresho akenshi bigira uruhare runini mugushinga no kubungabunga ibidukikije byubushyuhe, icy'ingenzi muri byo ni imicungire ya buri munsi yubushyuhe bwumuriro hamwe na vent.

Imicungire yimyenda yubushyuhe

Ubushuhe bwo gutwika ubushuhe ni urufunguzo rwo kwinjizamo ubushyuhe bwijoro hejuru yinzu, bityo rero ni ngombwa cyane kunonosora imicungire yacyo ya buri munsi no kuyitaho, cyane cyane ibibazo bikurikira bigomba kwitabwaho: hoHitamo igihe gikwiye cyo gufungura no gufunga igihe cyo gutwika amashyuza .Igihe cyo gufungura no gufunga igihe cyo gutwika amashyanyarazi ntigikora gusa igihe cyo kumurika parike, ahubwo kigira ingaruka no gushyushya parike.Gufungura no gufunga ibishishwa byumuriro hakiri kare cyangwa bitinze ntabwo bifasha gukusanya ubushyuhe.Mugitondo, niba igitanda kivumbuwe hakiri kare, ubushyuhe bwo murugo buzagabanuka cyane kubera ubushyuhe buke bwo hanze hamwe numucyo udakomeye.Ibinyuranye na byo, niba igihe cyo gupfundura igitanda cyatinze, igihe cyo kwakira urumuri muri parike kizagabanywa, kandi ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu buzatinda.Nyuma ya saa sita, niba igitanda cyo gutwika amashyuza kizimye hakiri kare, igihe cyo kwerekana mu nzu kizagabanywa, kandi kubika ubushyuhe bw’ubutaka n’inkuta bizagabanuka.Ibinyuranye na byo, niba kubika ubushyuhe bizimye bitinze, ubushyuhe bwo gukwirakwiza pariki buziyongera kubera ubushyuhe buke bwo hanze n’umucyo muke.Kubwibyo, muri rusange, iyo igitanda cyo gutwika amashyuza gifunguye mugitondo, nibyiza ko ubushyuhe bwazamuka nyuma ya 1 ~ 2 ℃ igabanutse, mugihe mugihe igitanda cyo gutwika amashyuza kizimye, nibyiza ko ubushyuhe buzamuka nyuma ya 1 ~ 2 ℃ guta.② Mugihe ufunze igitambaro cyo gutwika ubushyuhe, witondere kureba niba igitanda cyo gutwika ubushyuhe gitwikiriye ibisenge byose byimbere, hanyuma ubihindure mugihe niba hari icyuho.③ Nyuma yuburiri bwubushyuhe bwumuriro bumaze gushyirwa hasi, reba niba igice cyo hepfo cyarafashwe, kugirango wirinde ingaruka zo kubungabunga ubushyuhe guterurwa n umuyaga nijoro.④ Kugenzura no kubungabunga ibishishwa byubushyuhe bwumuriro mugihe, cyane cyane mugihe igitanda cyumuriro cyangiritse cyangiritse, gusana cyangwa kugisimbuza mugihe.Witondere ibihe byikirere mugihe gikwiye.Iyo hari imvura cyangwa shelegi, upfundikire ingofero yumuriro mugihe kandi ukureho urubura mugihe.

Gucunga imyanda

Intego yo guhumeka mu gihe cy'itumba ni uguhindura ubushyuhe bwikirere kugirango wirinde ubushyuhe bukabije nko mu ma saa sita;Iya kabiri ni ugukuraho ubuhehere bwo mu nzu, kugabanya ubuhehere bw’ikirere muri pariki no kurwanya udukoko n'indwara;Icya gatatu nukwongera ingufu za CO2 murugo no guteza imbere ibihingwa.Ariko, guhumeka no kubika ubushyuhe biravuguruzanya.Niba guhumeka bidacunzwe neza, birashoboka ko bizatera ibibazo byubushyuhe buke.Kubwibyo, igihe nigihe cyo gufungura umuyaga bigomba guhinduka muburyo bukurikije ibidukikije bya pariki igihe icyo aricyo cyose.Mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba budahingwa, imicungire yimyanda ya parike igabanijwemo uburyo bubiri: imikorere yintoki no guhumeka byoroshye.Ariko, igihe cyo gufungura nigihe cyo guhumeka cyumuyaga gishingiye cyane cyane kubitekerezo byabantu, bityo rero birashoboka ko umuyaga wafunguwe hakiri kare cyangwa bitinze.Kugira ngo ukemure ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru, Yin Yilei nibindi byashushanyije igisenge gifite ubwenge bwo guhumeka, gishobora kugena igihe cyo gufungura nubunini bwo gufungura no gufunga imyobo ihumeka ukurikije impinduka z’ibidukikije.Hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku itegeko ry’imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije no gukenera ibihingwa, ndetse no kumenyekanisha no gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho nko kumenya ibidukikije, gukusanya amakuru, gusesengura no kugenzura, gutangiza imiyoborere ihumeka muri pariki y’izuba bigomba kuba an icyerekezo cyingenzi cyiterambere mugihe kizaza.

Izindi ngamba zo kuyobora

Muburyo bwo gukoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwa firime yamenetse, ubushobozi bwo kohereza urumuri bizagenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro, kandi umuvuduko wo kugabanuka ntujyanye gusa numubiri wabo bwite, ahubwo ujyanye nibidukikije hamwe nubuyobozi mugihe cyo gukoresha.Muburyo bwo gukoresha, ikintu cyingenzi kiganisha ku kugabanuka kwimikorere yumuriro ni umwanda wubuso bwa firime.Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa cyane gukora isuku buri gihe no gukora isuku mugihe ibintu byemewe.Byongeye kandi, imiterere y'uruzitiro rwa pariki igomba kugenzurwa buri gihe.Iyo hari imyenge mu rukuta no hejuru yinzu, igomba gusanwa mugihe kugirango hirindwe ko pariki itagira ingaruka kumyuka ikonje.

Ibibazo biriho hamwe nicyerekezo cyiterambere

Abashakashatsi bakoze ubushakashatsi kandi baniga uburyo bwo kubika ubushyuhe no kubika ubushyuhe, ikoranabuhanga mu micungire n’uburyo bwo gushyushya pariki mu majyaruguru y’iburengerazuba bw’ubuhinzi budahingwa mu myaka myinshi, ibyo bikaba byaragaragaye ahanini ko umusaruro w’imbeho w’imbeho, byongereye cyane ubushobozi bwa parike yo kurwanya ubukonje bukabije bw’ubukonje bukabije , kandi mubyukuri twabonye umusaruro wimbeho yimboga.Yatanze umusanzu w'amateka mu kugabanya kwivuguruza hagati y'ibiribwa n'imboga bihatanira ubutaka mu Bushinwa.Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, haracyari ibibazo bikurikira muburyo bwikoranabuhanga ryubushyuhe mu majyaruguru yuburengerazuba bwUbushinwa.

Ubwoko bwa Greenhouse bugomba kuzamurwa

Kugeza ubu, ubwoko bwa pariki buracyari busanzwe bwubatswe mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20 no mu ntangiriro z'iki kinyejana, bufite imiterere yoroshye, igishushanyo mbonera kidafite ishingiro, ubushobozi buke bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije by’ubushyuhe bwa parike no kurwanya ibiza, no kutagira ubuziranenge.Kubwibyo, mugihe kizaza gishushanya pariki, imiterere nuburinganire bwigisenge cyimbere, inguni ya azimuth ya parike, uburebure bwurukuta rwinyuma, ubujyakuzimu bwa parike, nibindi bigomba gutondekwa muguhuza byimazeyo uburinganire bwaho. n'ibiranga ikirere.Muri icyo gihe, igihingwa kimwe gusa ni cyo gishobora guterwa muri pariki uko bishoboka kose, ku buryo guhuza ibimera bisanzwe bishobora gukorwa hakurikijwe urumuri n’ubushyuhe by’ibihingwa byatewe.

Igipimo cya pariki ni gito.

Niba igipimo cya pariki ari gito cyane, bizagira ingaruka kumiterere yubushyuhe bwamashyanyarazi no guteza imbere imashini.Hamwe no kwiyongera buhoro buhoro ibiciro byakazi, iterambere ryimashini nicyerekezo cyingenzi mugihe kizaza.Kubwibyo, mugihe kizaza, dukwiye gushingira kurwego rwiterambere rwibanze, tukazirikana ibikenewe mu iterambere ry’imashini, tugashyira mu gaciro umwanya w’imbere n’imiterere ya pariki, kwihutisha ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ibikoresho by’ubuhinzi bikwiranye n’akarere, kandi kuzamura igipimo cya mashini yumusaruro wa parike.Muri icyo gihe, ukurikije ibikenerwa n’ibihingwa n’uburyo bwo guhinga, ibikoresho bijyanye bigomba guhuzwa n’ibipimo, kandi ubushakashatsi n’iterambere bihuriweho, guhanga udushya no kumenyekanisha umuyaga, kugabanya ubushuhe, kubika ubushyuhe n’ibikoresho byo gushyushya bigomba gutezwa imbere.

Ubunini bwinkuta nkumucanga nuduce twinshi buracyari mwinshi.

Niba urukuta ari runini cyane, nubwo ingaruka zo gukumira ari nziza, bizagabanya igipimo cyo gukoresha ubutaka, byongere ikiguzi ningorane zo kubaka.Kubwibyo, mugihe kizaza cyiterambere, kuruhande rumwe, uburebure bwurukuta burashobora gutezimbere muburyo bwa siyansi ukurikije ikirere cyaho;Kurundi ruhande, dukwiye guteza imbere urumuri no koroshya iterambere ryurukuta rwinyuma, kugirango urukuta rwinyuma rwa parike rugumane gusa umurimo wo kubungabunga ubushyuhe, dukoreshe ibyuma bikoresha izuba nibindi bikoresho kugirango dusimbuze ububiko bwubushyuhe no kurekura urukuta .Ikusanyirizo ry'izuba rifite ibiranga uburyo bwo gukusanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushobozi bwo gukusanya ubushyuhe bukomeye, kuzigama ingufu, karubone nkeya n'ibindi, kandi benshi muribo barashobora kumenya kugenzura no kugenzura neza, kandi barashobora gukora ubushyuhe bugenewe ingufu bakurikije ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije. nijoro, hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse bwo gukoresha ubushyuhe.

Ikariso idasanzwe yubushyuhe bwumuriro igomba gutezwa imbere.

Igisenge cy'imbere ni umubiri nyamukuru wo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe muri pariki, kandi imikorere yubushyuhe bwumuriro wuburiri bwumuriro bugira ingaruka itaziguye mubidukikije.Kugeza ubu, ubushyuhe bw’ibidukikije mu bice bimwe na bimwe ntabwo ari byiza, igice kubera ko igitanda cyo gutwika amashyuza ari gito cyane, kandi imikorere y’ubushyuhe bw’ibikoresho ntibihagije.Muri icyo gihe, igitanda cyo gutwika amashyuza kiracyafite ibibazo bimwe na bimwe, nk’ubushobozi buke bw’amazi ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo gusiganwa ku maguru, gusaza byoroshye ku buso hamwe n’ibikoresho fatizo, n'ibindi. Kubwibyo rero, mu gihe kiri imbere, ibikoresho bikwiye byo gutwika amashyuza bigomba gutoranywa mu buhanga ukurikije aho hantu Ibiranga ikirere nibisabwa, hamwe nibidasanzwe byumuriro wibikoresho bikoreshwa mugukoresha no kumenyekanisha bigomba gutegurwa no gutezwa imbere.

IHEREZO

Amakuru yatanzwe

Luo Ganliang, Cheng Jieyu, Wang Pingzhi, n'ibindi.Ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi, 2022.42 (28): 12-20.