Ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka z'urumuri rw'inyongera rwa LED ku musaruro wiyongereye ingaruka za Hydroponic Lettuce na Pakchoi mu icunga ry'ubutaka mu gihe cy'itumba
[Incamake] Imbeho i Shanghai ikunze guhura n'ubushyuhe buke n'izuba rike, kandi gukura kw'imboga z'amababi ya hydroponic mu busitani buragenda buhoro kandi umusaruro ukaba muremure, ibyo bikaba bitashobora guhaza ibyifuzo by'isoko. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, amatara y'inyongera ku bimera bya LED yatangiye gukoreshwa mu buhinzi no mu musaruro w'ibimera, ku rugero runaka, kugira ngo habeho ikibazo cy'uko urumuri rwa buri munsi mu busitani ruba rudashobora guhaza ibyifuzo by'ibihingwa mu gihe urumuri rusanzwe rudahagije. Mu igerageza, ubwoko bubiri bw'amatara y'inyongera ya LED afite ubwiza butandukanye bw'urumuri yashyizwe muri busitani kugira ngo hakorwe igerageza ryo kongera umusaruro wa salade ya hydroponic n'igiti cy'icyatsi mu gihe cy'itumba. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko ubwoko bubiri bw'amatara ya LED bushobora kongera uburemere bushya bwa pakchoi na salade. Ingaruka zo kongera umusaruro wa pakchoi zigaragarira cyane cyane mu kunoza ubwiza bw'amatwi muri rusange nko kwaguka kw'amababi no kwiyongera, kandi ingaruka zo kongera umusaruro wa salade zigaragarira cyane cyane mu kwiyongera kw'umubare w'amababi n'ibimera byumye.

Umucyo ni igice cy'ingenzi mu gukura kw'ibimera. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, amatara ya LED yakoreshejwe cyane mu guhinga no gukora ahantu hakorerwa ubushyuhe bitewe n'uko ahinduka cyane mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi, imiterere y'amashanyarazi ihinduka, ndetse n'igihe kirekire [1]. Mu bihugu by'amahanga, bitewe n'uko ubushakashatsi butangira hakiri kare ndetse n'uburyo bwo gushyigikira bumaze gukura, umusaruro munini w'indabyo, imbuto n'imboga ufite ingamba zuzuye zo kongera urumuri. Gukusanya amakuru menshi y'umusaruro nyawo bituma abakora bamenya neza ingaruka zo kongera umusaruro. Muri icyo gihe, inyungu nyuma yo gukoresha sisitemu y'urumuri rwa LED irasuzumwa [2]. Ariko, ubushakashatsi bwinshi bw'imbere mu gihugu ku rumuri rw'inyongera bubogamiye ku bwiza bw'urumuri ruto no kunoza imiterere ya spectral, kandi nta ngamba z'urumuri rw'inyongera zishobora gukoreshwa mu musaruro nyawo [3]. Abakora mu gihugu benshi bazakoresha uburyo bwo gutanga urumuri rw'inyongera mu mahanga mu buryo butaziguye iyo bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga ry'urumuri rw'inyongera mu musaruro, hatitawe ku miterere y'ikirere cy'agace gakorerwamo, ubwoko bw'imboga zikorwamo, n'imiterere y'ibikoresho n'ibikoresho. Byongeye kandi, ikiguzi kinini cy'ibikoresho by'urumuri rw'inyongera n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nyinshi akenshi bitera icyuho kinini hagati y'umusaruro nyawo w'ibihingwa n'inyungu z'ubukungu n'ingaruka zitezwe. Ibihe nk'ibi biriho ubu ntabwo bifasha iterambere no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryo kongera urumuri no kongera umusaruro mu gihugu. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa byihutirwa gushyira mu buryo bukwiye ibikoresho by'urumuri rwa LED rukuze mu bikorwa nyabyo byo mu gihugu, kunoza ingamba zo gukoresha, no gukusanya amakuru ajyanye nabyo.

Mu gihe cy'itumba ni igihe imboga mbisi zikenerwa cyane. Inzu zitunganya imboga zishobora gutanga ahantu heza ho gukura imboga mbisi mu gihe cy'itumba kurusha mu mirima yo hanze. Ariko, hari ingingo yagaragaje ko zimwe mu nzu zitunganya imboga zishaje cyangwa zitanduye neza zigira urumuri ruri munsi ya 50% mu gihe cy'itumba. Byongeye kandi, ikirere cy'imvura igihe kirekire nacyo gikunze kubaho mu gihe cy'itumba, bigatuma urugo rugira ubushyuhe buke kandi rukagera ku rumuri ruto, ibyo bigira ingaruka ku mikurire isanzwe y'ibimera. Umucyo wabaye ikintu kibangamira imikurire y'imboga mu gihe cy'itumba [4]. Green Cube yashyizwe mu musaruro nyawo ikoreshwa muri ubwo bushakashatsi. Sisitemu yo gutera imboga mbisi zitemba amazi ihuzwa na module ebyiri za LED za Signify (China) Investment Co., Ltd. zifite urumuri rw'ubururu butandukanye. Gutera salade na pakchoi, ari zo mboga ebyiri zifite isoko rikenewe cyane, zigamije kwiga ukwiyongera nyako k'umusaruro w'imboga mbisi zikoresha amatara ya LED mu nzu zitunganya imboga zitunganya ibiti mu gihe cy'itumba.

Ibikoresho n'Uburyo
Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe mu igerageza

Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe mu igerageza ni salade na packchoi. Ubwoko bwa salade, Letesi y'Ikibabi Gito, ikomoka muri Beijing Dingfeng Modern Agriculture Development Co., Ltd., naho ubwoko bwa pakchoi, Brilliant Green, ikomoka muri Horticulture Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Uburyo bwo kugerageza

Igerageza ryakorewe mu busitani bw’ibirahuri bwo mu bwoko bwa Wenluo bw’aho Sunqiao iherereye muri Shanghai green cube Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. kuva mu Gushyingo 2019 kugeza Gashyantare 2020. Hakozwe igerageza ryiyongera inshuro ebyiri. Icyiciro cya mbere cy’igerageza cyari mu mpera za 2019, naho icyiciro cya kabiri cyari mu ntangiriro za 2020. Nyuma yo gutera, ibikoresho by’igerageza byashyizwe mu cyumba cy’urumuri rw’ubukorano kugira ngo haterwe imbuto, maze hakoreshwa kuhira amazi mu mazi. Mu gihe cyo gutera imbuto, hakoreshejwe umuti rusange w’ibinyampeke by’imboga zifite EC ya 1.5 na pH ya 5.5 mu kuhira. Nyuma y’uko ingemwe zikuze kugeza ku mababi 3 n’igice kimwe cy’umutima, zatewe ku butaka bw’imboga zifite shallow flow leafy. Nyuma yo gutera, sisitemu yo kuzenguruka shallow flow nutrient solution ya EC 2 na pH 6 mu kuhira buri munsi. Inshuro yo kuhira yari iminota 10 amazi atangwa n’amazi n’iminota 20 amazi atangwa. Itsinda ry’igenzura (nta nyongeramusaruro y’urumuri) n’itsinda ry’ubuvuzi (inyongeramusaruro y’urumuri rwa LED) byashyizwe mu igerageza. CK yatewe mu gikoni cy’ibirahure nta nyongeramusaruro y’urumuri. LB: drw-lb Ho (200W) yakoreshejwe mu kongeramo urumuri nyuma yo gutera mu gikoni cy’ibirahure. Ubucucike bw’urumuri (PPFD) ku buso bw’igiti cy’imboga cya hydroponic bwari hafi 140 μmol/(㎡·S). MB: nyuma yo gutera mu gikoni cy’ibirahure, drw-lb (200W) yakoreshejwe mu kongeramo urumuri, naho PPFD yari hafi 140 μmol/(㎡·S).

Itariki ya mbere yo gutera igerageza ni ku ya 8 Ugushyingo 2019, naho itariki yo gutera ni ku ya 25 Ugushyingo 2019. Igihe cy'inyongeramusaruro y'itsinda ry'igerageza ni 6:30-17:00; igihe cya kabiri cyo gutera igerageza ni ku ya 30 Ukuboza 2019 Umunsi, itariki yo gutera ni ku ya 17 Mutarama 2020, naho igihe cy'inyongeramusaruro y'itsinda ry'igerageza ni 4:00-17:00
Mu gihe cy'izuba ryinshi mu gihe cy'itumba, greenhouse izafungura sunroof, side film na fan kugira ngo bibe byahumeka buri munsi kuva saa kumi n'ebyiri kugeza saa kumi n'ebyiri z'umugoroba. Iyo ubushyuhe buri hasi nijoro, greenhouse izafunga skylight, side roll film na fan saa kumi n'ebyiri z'umugoroba kugeza saa kumi n'ebyiri z'umugoroba (umunsi ukurikiyeho), hanyuma igafungura umwenda ukingira ubushyuhe muri greenhouse kugira ngo ubushyuhe bwinjire nijoro.

Gukusanya amakuru

Uburebure bw'ikimera, umubare w'amababi, n'uburemere bushya kuri buri kimera byabonetse nyuma yo gusarura ibice bya Qingjingcai na salade byo hejuru y'ubutaka. Nyuma yo gupima uburemere bushya, byashyizwe mu ifuru biyumishwa kuri 75°C mu gihe cy'amasaha 72. Nyuma yo kurangira, uburemere bwumye bwaragenwe. Ubushyuhe mu busitani n'ubucucike bwa Photon Flux (PPFD, Photon Flux Density) bikusanywa kandi bigafatwa buri minota 5 na sensor y'ubushyuhe (RS-GZ-N01-2) na sensor y'imirasire ikora (GLZ-CG).

Isesengura ry'amakuru

Kubara uburyo urumuri rukoreshwa neza (LUE, Ubushobozi bwo gukoresha urumuri neza) ukurikije formula ikurikira:
LUE (g/mol) = umusaruro w'imboga kuri buri gice cy'ubuso/umubare wose w'urumuri rw'imboga ruboneka kuri buri gice cy'ubuso kuva igihe cyo gutera kugeza igihe cyo gusarura
Kubara ibikubiye mu bimera byumye ukurikije formula ikurikira:
Ibipimo byumye (%) = uburemere bwumye kuri buri kimera / uburemere bushya kuri buri kimera x 100%
Koresha Excel2016 na IBM SPSS Statistics 20 kugira ngo usesengure amakuru ari mu igerageza kandi usesengure akamaro k'itandukaniro.

Ibikoresho n'Uburyo
Umucyo n'ubushyuhe

Icyiciro cya mbere cy’igerageza cyafashe iminsi 46 kuva ihinga kugeza igihe ryasaruwe, naho icya kabiri cyafashe iminsi 42 kuva igihe ryasaruwe kugeza igihe ryasaruwe. Mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’igerageza, ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe bwa buri munsi mu busitani bwari hagati ya 10-18 ℃; mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy’igerageza, ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe bwa buri munsi mu busitani ryari rikomeye cyane kurusha mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’igerageza, aho ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane bwa buri munsi bwa 8.39 ℃ n’ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane bwa buri munsi bwa 20.23 ℃. Ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe bwa buri munsi bwagaragaje ko buri kwiyongera muri rusange mu gihe cy’ikura (Ishusho ya 1).

Mu cyiciro cya mbere cy'igerageza, urumuri rw'umunsi (DLI) mu busitani bwa greenhouse rwahindutse munsi ya mol 14/(㎡·D). Mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy'igerageza, urumuri rw'umwimerere rwa buri munsi mu busitani bwa greenhouse rwagaragaje iterambere muri rusange, ryari hejuru ya mol 8/(㎡·D), kandi agaciro ntarengwa kagaragaye ku ya 27 Gashyantare 2020, kari 26.1 mol/(㎡·D). Impinduka z'urumuri rw'umwimerere rwa buri munsi mu busitani bwa greenhouse mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy'igerageza zari nini kurusha izari mu cyiciro cya mbere cy'igerageza (Ishusho ya 2). Mu cyiciro cya mbere cy'igerageza, urumuri rw'umunsi wose (igiteranyo cy'urumuri rw'umwimerere DLI n'urumuri rw'inyongera rwa led DLI) rw'itsinda ry'urumuri rw'inyongera ryari hejuru ya mol 8/(㎡·D) igihe kinini. Mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy'igerageza, urumuri rw'umunsi wose rwakusanyijwe rw'itsinda ry'urumuri rw'inyongera rwari hejuru ya mol 10/(㎡·D) igihe kinini. Igiteranyo cy'urumuri rw'inyongera cyakusanyijwe mu cyiciro cya kabiri cyari 31.75 mol/㎡ kiruta icyo mu cyiciro cya mbere.

Umusaruro w'imboga z'amababi n'ingufu zoroheje mu gukoresha neza

●Ikizamini cya mbere cy'ikizamini
Bigaragara ku ishusho ya 3 ko pakchoi yiyongereyeho LED ikura neza, imiterere y'ikimera ni ntoya, kandi amababi ni manini kandi akomeye kurusha CK idasuzumwe. Amababi ya pakchoi ya LB na MB ni icyatsi kibisi cyijimye kandi cyijimye kurusha CK. Bigaragara ku ishusho ya 4 ko salade ifite urumuri rw'inyongera rwa LED ikura neza kurusha CK idafite urumuri rw'inyongera, umubare w'amababi ni munini, kandi imiterere y'ikimera ni myinshi.

Bigaragara ku mbonerahamwe ya 1 ko nta tandukaniro rigaragara mu burebure bw'ibimera, umubare w'amababi, ingano y'ibintu byumye n'uburyo bwo gukoresha ingufu z'urumuri bya pakchoi yavuwe na CK, LB na MB, ariko uburemere bushya bwa pakchoi yavuwe na LB na MB buri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'ubwa CK; Nta tandukaniro rigaragara mu buremere bushya bwa buri kimera hagati y'amatara abiri ya LED akura afite ikigereranyo cy'urumuri rw'ubururu butandukanye mu kuvura LB na MB.

Bigaragara ku mbonerahamwe ya 2 ko uburebure bw'ibimera bya salade mu miti ya LB bwari hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'ubwo mu miti ya CK, ariko nta tandukaniro rinini ryagaragaye hagati yo kuvura LB n'imiti ya MB. Hari itandukaniro rinini mu mubare w'amababi mu miti itatu, kandi umubare w'amababi mu miti ya MB wari hejuru cyane, wari 27. Uburemere bushya kuri buri kimera cyo kuvura LB bwari hejuru cyane, bwari 101g. Hari kandi itandukaniro rinini hagati y'amatsinda abiri. Nta tandukaniro rinini ryagaragaye mu bimera byumye hagati yo kuvura CK na LB. Ibipimo bya MB byari hejuru ya 4.24% ugereranyije n'imiti ya CK na LB. Hari itandukaniro rinini mu mikoreshereze y'urumuri mu miti itatu. Umusaruro munini wo gukoresha urumuri wari mu miti ya LB, wari 13.23 g/mol, naho hasi wari mu miti ya CK, wari 10.72 g/mol.

●Ikizamini cya kabiri cy'ikizamini

Bigaragara ku mbonerahamwe ya 3 ko uburebure bw'ikimera cya Pakchoi cyavuwe na MB bwari hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'ubwa CK, kandi nta tandukaniro rinini ryabayeho hagati yacyo n'ubuvuzi bwa LB. Umubare w'amababi ya Pakchoi yavuwe na LB na MB wari hejuru cyane ugereranije n'ubwa CK, ariko nta tandukaniro rinini ryabayeho hagati y'amatsinda abiri y'ubuvuzi bw'inyongera. Hari itandukaniro rinini mu buremere bushya kuri buri kimera mu buryo butatu bwo kuvura. Uburemere bushya kuri buri kimera muri CK bwari hasi cyane kuri 47 g, naho ubuvuzi bwa MB bwari hejuru cyane kuri 116 g. Nta tandukaniro rinini ryagaragaye mu bipimo byumye hagati y'uburyo butatu bwo kuvura. Hari itandukaniro rinini mu mikoreshereze y'ingufu z'urumuri. CK iri hasi kuri 8.74 g/mol, naho ubuvuzi bwa MB ni bwo hejuru kuri 13.64 g/mol.

Bigaragara ku mbonerahamwe ya 4 ko nta tandukaniro rigaragara mu burebure bw'ibimera bya salade mu buryo butatu bwo kuvura. Umubare w'amababi mu miti ya LB na MB wari hejuru cyane ugereranije n'uwa CK. Muri yo, umubare w'amababi ya MB wari hejuru cyane kuri 26. Nta tandukaniro rigaragara mu mubare w'amababi hagati y'imiti ya LB na MB. Uburemere bushya kuri buri kimera mu matsinda abiri y'imiti y'inyongera bwari hejuru cyane ugereranije n'ubwa CK, kandi uburemere bushya kuri buri kimera bwari hejuru cyane mu miti ya MB, bwari 133g. Hari kandi itandukaniro rigaragara hagati y'imiti ya LB na MB. Hari itandukaniro rigaragara mu mibare y'ibimera byumye muri ubwo buryo butatu bwo kuvura, kandi ingano y'ibimera byumye mu miti ya LB yari hejuru cyane, yari 4.05%. Imikoreshereze y'ingufu z'urumuri mu miti ya MB iri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'imiti ya CK na LB, ari yo 12.67 g/mol.

Mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy'igerageza, DLI yose y'itsinda ry'urumuri rw'inyongera yari hejuru cyane ugereranije na DLI mu minsi imwe y'ubukoloni mu cyiciro cya mbere cy'igerageza (Ishusho ya 1-2), n'igihe cy'urumuri rw'inyongera cy'itsinda ry'urumuri rw'inyongera mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy'igerageza (4:00-00-17:00). Ugereranyije n'icyiciro cya mbere cy'igerageza (6:30-17:00), yiyongereyeho amasaha 2.5. Igihe cyo gusarura mu byiciro bibiri bya Pakchoi cyari iminsi 35 nyuma yo guterwa. Uburemere bushya bw'igihingwa cya CK ku giti cyacyo mu byiciro bibiri bwari busa. Itandukaniro mu buremere bushya kuri buri gihingwa mu kuvura LB na MB ugereranije na CK mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy'igerageza ryari rinini cyane ugereranyije n'uburemere bushya kuri buri gihingwa ugereranije na CK mu cyiciro cya mbere cy'igerageza (Imbonerahamwe ya 1, Imbonerahamwe ya 3). Igihe cyo gusarura mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy'igerageza cya salade cyari iminsi 42 nyuma yo guterwa, kandi igihe cyo gusarura mu cyiciro cya mbere cy'igerageza cya salade cyari iminsi 46 nyuma yo guterwa. Iminsi yo kwigarurira igihe CK yageraga ku cyiciro cya kabiri cy’imbuto za lettuce zakorewe igerageza yari munsi y’iminsi 4 y’iya mbere, ariko uburemere bushya kuri buri gihingwa ni inshuro 1.57 z’ubwa mbere bw’igerageza (Imbonerahamwe ya 2 n’Imbonerahamwe ya 4), kandi ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ingufu z’urumuri burangana. Bigaragara ko uko ubushyuhe bugenda burushaho gushyuha buhoro buhoro n’urumuri rusanzwe mu busitani buto bwiyongera buhoro buhoro, ukwezi kw’umusaruro wa lettuce kuragabanuka.

Ibikoresho n'Uburyo
Inshuro ebyiri z'igerageza zabaye mu gihe cy'itumba ryose i Shanghai, kandi itsinda ry'abagenzuzi (CK) ryashoboye kugarura umusaruro nyawo w'igiti cy'icyatsi kibisi cya hydroponic na salade mu busitani bugezweho munsi y'ubushyuhe buke n'izuba rike mu gihe cy'itumba. Itsinda ry'igerageza ry'inyongeramusaruro ry'urumuri ryagize ingaruka zikomeye ku gipimo cy'amakuru asobanutse neza (uburemere bushya kuri buri kimera) mu byiciro bibiri by'igerageza. Muri byo, ingaruka zo kongera umusaruro wa Pakchoi zagaragaye mu bunini, ibara n'ubugari bw'amababi icyarimwe. Ariko salade ikunda kongera umubare w'amababi, kandi imiterere y'ibimera isa neza cyane. Ibisubizo by'igerageza bigaragaza ko inyongeramusaruro y'urumuri ishobora kongera uburemere bushya n'ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa mu gutera ibyiciro bibiri by'imboga, bityo byongera ubucuruzi bw'ibikomoka ku bimera. Pakchoi yiyongereyeho Ibyuma bitukura-umweru, ubururu buke n'umutuku-umweru, ubururu bwo hagati ni icyatsi kibisi cyijimye kandi gisa neza kurusha amababi adafite urumuri rw'inyongeramusaruro, amababi ni manini kandi akomeye, kandi icyerekezo cyo gukura cy'ubwoko bwose bw'ibimera ni gito kandi gikomeye. Ariko, "salatisi ya mosaic" ni iy'imboga z'icyatsi kibisi, kandi nta buryo bugaragara bwo guhindura ibara mu mikurire. Impinduka mu ibara ry'amababi ntizigaragara ku maso y'umuntu. Igipimo gikwiye cy'urumuri rw'ubururu gishobora guteza imbere iterambere ry'amababi no gukora ibara rya photosynthesis, no kubuza uburebure bw'amabara hagati y'amababi. Kubwibyo, imboga zo mu itsinda ry'inyongera z'urumuri zikundwa cyane n'abaguzi mu bwiza bw'isura.

Mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy'igerageza, ingano y'urumuri rw'inyongera ku munsi yari hejuru cyane ugereranije na DLI mu minsi imwe y'ubukoloni mu cyiciro cya mbere cy'igerageza (Ishusho ya 1-2), n'igihe cy'urumuri rw'inyongera mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy'itsinda ry'inyongera mu kuvura urumuri (4: 00-17: 00), ugereranije n'igice cya mbere cy'igerageza (6:30-17: 00), byiyongereyeho amasaha 2.5. Igihe cyo gusarura mu byiciro bibiri bya Pakchoi cyari iminsi 35 nyuma yo guterwa. Uburemere bushya bwa CK mu byiciro bibiri bwari busa. Itandukaniro mu buremere bushya kuri buri kimera hagati ya LB na MB mu kuvura na CK mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy'igerageza ryari rinini cyane ugereranyije n'itandukaniro mu buremere bushya kuri buri kimera na CK mu cyiciro cya mbere cy'igerageza (Imbonerahamwe ya 1 n'Imbonerahamwe ya 3). Kubwibyo, kongera igihe cy'inyongera ku rumuri bishobora gutuma umusaruro wa Pakchoi ya hydroponic ihingwa mu nzu mu gihe cy'itumba. Igihe cyo gusarura cya kabiri cya salade y’igerageza cyari iminsi 42 nyuma yo gutera, naho igihe cyo gusarura cya mbere cya salade y’igerageza cyari iminsi 46 nyuma yo gutera. Ubwo icyiciro cya kabiri cya salade y’igerageza cyasarurwaga, umubare w’iminsi yo gukoloniza kw’itsinda rya CK wari munsi y’iminsi 4 y’icyiciro cya mbere. Ariko, uburemere bushya bw’igihingwa kimwe bwari inshuro 1.57 z’icyiciro cya mbere cy’igerageza (Imbonerahamwe ya 2 n’Imbonerahamwe ya 4). Imikoreshereze y’ingufu z’urumuri yari isa. Bigaragara ko uko ubushyuhe bugenda bwiyongera buhoro buhoro n’urumuri karemano mu busitani buto bwiyongera buhoro buhoro (Ishusho ya 1-2), ukwezi kw’umusaruro wa salade gushobora kugabanywa uko bikwiye. Kubwibyo, kongeramo ibikoresho by’urumuri by’inyongera ku busitani buto mu gihe cy’itumba hamwe n’ubushyuhe buke n’izuba ridakomeye bishobora kunoza umusaruro wa salade, hanyuma bikongera umusaruro. Mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’igerageza, ingufu z’urumuri ziyongera ku ruganda rw’amababi zari 0.95 kw-h, naho mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy’igerageza, ingufu z’urumuri ziyongera ku ruganda rw’amababi zari 1.15 kw-h. Ugereranyije n’igerageza ryakozwe mu byiciro bibiri, uburyo bwo gukoresha urumuri mu buryo butatu bwo kuvura Pakchoi, ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ingufu mu igerageza rya kabiri bwari hasi ugereranyije n’ubwo mu igerageza rya mbere. Uburyo bwo gukoresha ingufu z’urumuri mu matsinda yo kuvura urumuri ya CK na LB mu igerageza rya kabiri bwari hasi gato ugereranyije n’ubwo mu igerageza rya mbere. Bivugwa ko impamvu ishoboka ari uko ubushyuhe buke bwa buri munsi mu cyumweru kimwe nyuma yo gutera butuma igihe cyo gutera imbuto kigenda buhoro, kandi nubwo ubushyuhe bwongeye kuzamuka gato mu igerageza, urwego rwari ruto, kandi ubushyuhe rusange bwa buri munsi bwari bukiri ku rwego rwo hasi, ibyo bikaba byaragabanyije ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ingufu z’urumuri mu gihe cy’ikura rusange ku mboga z’amababi. (Ishusho ya 1).

Mu gihe cy'igerageza, ikigega cy'imiti y'intungamubiri cyari kitarimo ibikoresho byo gushyushya, ku buryo imizi y'imboga z'amababi ya hydroponic yahoraga iri ku rwego rwo hasi rw'ubushyuhe, kandi ubushyuhe bw'umwimerere bwa buri munsi bwari buke, byatumye imboga zinanirwa gukoresha neza urumuri rwa buri munsi rwiyongereye binyuze mu kongera urumuri rw'inyongera rwa LED. Kubwibyo, mu gihe cyo kongera urumuri mu busitani mu gihe cy'itumba, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ingamba zikwiye zo kubika ubushyuhe no gushyushya kugira ngo hamenyekane ingaruka z'urumuri rw'inyongera kugira ngo umusaruro wongere. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ingamba zikwiye zo kubika ubushyuhe no kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe kugira ngo hamenyekane ingaruka z'inyongera z'urumuri n'umusaruro wiyongera mu busitani bw'itumba. Gukoresha urumuri rw'inyongera rwa LED bizongera ikiguzi cy'umusaruro ku rugero runaka, kandi umusaruro w'ubuhinzi ubwawo si inganda zitanga umusaruro mwinshi. Kubwibyo, ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo kunoza ingamba z'urumuri rw'inyongera no gukorana n'izindi ngamba mu gukora imboga z'amababi za hydroponic mu busitani bw'itumba, n'uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho by'urumuri rw'inyongera kugira ngo haboneke umusaruro mwiza no kunoza imikorere myiza y'ingufu z'urumuri n'inyungu z'ubukungu, biracyakeneye andi magerageza yo gukora.

Abanditsi: Yiming Ji, Kang Liu, Xianping Zhang, Honglei Mao (Shanghai green cube Green Cube Development Co., Ltd.).
Inkomoko y'inyandiko: Ikoranabuhanga mu by'Ubuhinzi (Ubuhinzi bw'Imboga).

Amareferensi:
[1] Jianfeng Dai, Philips horticultural LED ikoreshwa mu gutunganya greenhouse [J]. Ikoranabuhanga mu by'ubuhinzi, 2017, 37 (13): 28-32
[2] Xiaoling Yang, Lanfang Song, Zhengli Jin, n'abandi. Imiterere y'ikoreshwa n'icyitegererezo cy'ikoranabuhanga ry'inyongeramusaruro ku mbuto n'imboga birinzwe [J]. Ubuhinzi bw'imboga bwa Northern, 2018 (17): 166-170
[3] Xiaoying Liu, Zhigang Xu, Xuelei Jiao, n'abandi. Ubushakashatsi n'imiterere y'ikoreshwa n'ingamba zo guteza imbere amatara y'ibimera [J]. Ikinyamakuru cy'ubuhanga mu by'amatara, 013, 24 (4): 1-7
[4] Jing Xie, Hou Cheng Liu, Wei Song Shi, n'abandi. Gukoresha uburyo urumuri ruboneka n'ubuziranenge bw'urumuri mu buhinzi bw'imboga [J]. Imboga zo mu Bushinwa, 2012 (2): 1-7