Ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka ya LED itangira urumuri rwiyongera kumusaruro wiyongera ingaruka za Hydroponic saliki na pakchoi muri parike mugihe cyitumba
[Abstract] Igihe cy'itumba muri Shanghai akenshi uhura n'ubushyuhe buke n'izuba rito, kandi imikurire y'imiyobe y'inyamanswa muri Greenrohouse itinda kandi ntishobora kuzuza ibyifuzo byo gutanga isoko. Mu myaka yashize, yatumye amatara yinyongera yinyongera yatangiye gukoreshwa mu kwihingamo no gutanga umusaruro, ku rugero runaka, kugira ngo umucyo woguhurize muri Placehouse udashobora kuzuza ibikenewe mu bihingwa igihe urumuri rusanzwe rudashobora kuba bidahagije. Mu bushakashatsi, ubwoko bubiri bw'amatara yiyongera hamwe n'ubwiza butandukanye bwashyizwe mu bushakashatsi kugira ngo bukore ubushakashatsi bwo kongera umusaruro w'ikibazo cya hydroponic na Green Stem mu gihe cy'itumba. Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko ubwoko bubiri bwimicyo buyoborwa bushobora kongera uburemere bushya kuri pakchoi na salitusi. Ingaruka-yongera umusaruro wa Pakchoi igaragara cyane mugutezimbere ubuziranenge bwumva muri rusange nko kwaguka kw'amababi no kwinuba, kandi umusaruro wa sasita ugaragarira cyane cyane mu kwiyongera kw'amababi n'ibintu byumye.

Umucyo ni igice cyingenzi cyiterambere ryibimera. Mu myaka yashize, amatara ya LED yakoreshejwe cyane mu guhinga no gutanga umusaruro mu bidukikije bya parike kubera igipimo cya fototerict. Mu bihugu by'amahanga, kubera intangiriro yo hambere yubushakashatsi bujyanye nubushakashatsi bujyanye nubushakashatsi bujyanye nubushakashatsi bukuze, indabyo nyinshi nini nini, imbuto nimboga hamwe ningamba zuzuye zingamba zo kuzungura urumuri. Kwegeranya umubare munini wamakuru afatika yatangajwe kandi bituma abaproducer bahanura ingaruka zo kongera umusaruro. Muri icyo gihe, kugaruka nyuma yo gukoresha sisitemu yoroheje yoroheje irasuzumwa [2]. Ariko, ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwo mubushakashatsi bwo murugo bubogamye bubogamye kumwanya muto woroheje no guhitamo neza, kandi harabura ingamba zoroheje zishobora gukoreshwa muburyo nyabwo [3]. Abaguzi benshi bo murugo bazakoresha mu buryo butaziguye ibisubizo by'amahanga bihari iyo bakoresheje imiterere y'inyongera kugira ngo umusaruro uhantu, ubwoko bw'imboga byakozwe, n'ibikoresho. Byongeye kandi, ikiguzi kinini cyibikoresho byoroheje hamwe no gukoresha ingufu nyinshi akenshi bivamo icyuho kinini kiri hagati yumusaruro nyacyo nubukungu ningaruka ziteganijwe. Ibintu nk'ibi ntabwo bifasha iterambere no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryo kuzura urumuri no kongera umusaruro mu gihugu. Kubwibyo, birakenewe byihutirwa shyira mu buryo bwo gukura ibicuruzwa byoroheje byongerera ibintu bifatika mu gihugu, uburyo bwo gukoresha ingamba, no gukusanya amakuru ajyanye.

Igihe cy'itumba nigihe cyigihe imboga zibabi zibabi zikenewe cyane. Greenhouses irashobora gutanga ibidukikije bibereye imboga yamababi mugihe cyimbeho kuruta imirima yo hanze. Ariko, ikiganiro cyagaragaje ko icyatsi kibisi cyangwa kibi gifite icyatsi kibisi cyoherejwe munsi ya 50% mu gihe cy'itumba .. Kwiyongera, Ikirere cyimvura kirekire nacyo cyakunze kubaho mugihe cyimbeho, Ubushyuhe n'ibidukikije byoroheje, bigira ingaruka ku mikurire isanzwe y'ibimera. Umucyo wahindutse ibintu bigabanya imikurire y'imboga mu gihe cy'itumba [4]. Icyatsi kibisi cyashyizwe mubikorwa nyabyo ikoreshwa mubushakashatsi. Sisitemu idahwitse yimboga imboga zihujwe hamwe nigisobanuro cyagenwe (Ubushinwa) Co., Ltd. ibiri yayoboye Top Top Modules hamwe nubururu butandukanye. Gutera lekitusi na pakchoi, aribyo binini binini bifite amababi bifitebwa isoko ryinshi, bigamije kwiga ubwiyongere nyabwo mu mboga z'ibabi rya hydroponic mu musatsi w'imbeho.

Ibikoresho nuburyo
Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu kizamini

Ibikoresho byo gupima byakoreshejwe mubushakashatsi byari letter nimboga ya galchoi. Lettuce zitandukanye, icyatsi kibisi gisohoka muri salijing deptipt zigezweho muri Co., Ltd.

Uburyo bwo kugerageza

Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu kirahure cya Wenluo greenhouse ya sucehouse ya Sunqiao ya Shanghai Icyatsi Cube Ubuhinzi Co., Ltd. Kuva mu Gushyingo 2019 kugeza 20%. Icyiciro cya mbere cy'ubushakashatsi cyari mu mpera za 2019, kandi icyiciro cya kabiri cyari intangiriro ya 2020. Nyuma yo kubiba, ibikoresho byo ubushakashatsi bwashyizwe mu cyumba cyo mu kirere cyo kuzamura urugero, kandi kuhira kwamavuriro. Mugihe cyo gukaza ingemwe, igisubizo cyintungamubiri rusange yimboga ya hydroponic hamwe na EC ya 1.5 na PH ya 5.5 yakoreshejwe muguhingwa. Ingeso zimaze gukura kumababi 3 nigice 1 cyumutima, batewe kucyatsi kibisi Cube Kurikirana Ubwoko bwibibabi byimboga. Nyuma yo gutera, gupfobya igiti cyintungamubiri zikwirakwizwa cyakoreshejwe EC 2 na ph 6 igisubizo cyintungamubiri yo kuhira buri munsi. Inshuro yo kuhira yari iminota 10 n'amazi atangwa n'amazi na 20 min n'amazi yahagaritswe. Itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura (nta nyubako yoroheje) no kuvura itsinda (ryayoboye inyongeramucyo) zashyizwe mubushakashatsi. CK yatewe muri parike yikirahure idafite inyongeramucyo. LB: Driw-lb Ho (200w) yakoreshejwe mu rwego rwo kuzuza urumuri nyuma yo gutera murahure. Umucyo wa flux (ppfd) hejuru yimboga yimboga yimboga yari hafi 140 μmol / (㎡ · s). MB: Nyuma yo gutera mu kirahure, drw-lb (200w) yakoreshejwe mu rwego rwo kuzuza urumuri, kandi PPFD yari hafi 140 μmol / (㎡ · s).

Icyiciro cya mbere cyitariki yo gutera kugerageza ni 8 Ugushyingo 2019, n'itariki yo gutera ni 25 Ugushyingo 2019. Igihe cyo kwipimisha ikizamini ni 6: 30-17: 00; Icyiciro cya kabiri cyitariki yo gutera kugerageza ni 30 Ukuboza 2019, itariki yo gutera ni 17 Mutarama, 2020, hamwe nigihe cyo kwiyongera cyitsinda ryageragejwe ni 4: 00-17: 00
Mu bihe by'izuba mu gihe cy'itumba, icyatsi kizakingura izuba, filime mbi n'umufana wo guhumeka buri munsi kuva 6: 00-17: 00. Iyo ubushyuhe buke nijoro, icyatsi kizafunga skylight film na fan kuri 17: 00-6: 00 (bukeye bwaho), hanyuma ufungure umwenda wubushyuhe mukirondera cya nijoro.

Ikusanyamakuru

Uburebure bw'ibimera, umubare w'amababi, n'uburemere bushya ku gihingwa byabonetse nyuma yo gusarura ibice byavuzwe haruguru bya Qingjingcai na salitusi. Nyuma yo gupima uburemere bushya, yashyizwe mu kigero kandi bwumye kuri 75 ℃ kuri 72 h. Nyuma yimpera, uburemere bwumye bwaribwagenwe. Ubushyuhe muri Grost na Proton Flux intege nkeya (PPFD, Amafoto ya Photon Flux) yakusanyijwe kandi yanditswe kuri buri minota 5 ya sensor (GL-GZ-GRS SENSICTION ikora (Glz-cg).

Isesengura ryamakuru

Kubara urumuri Koresha imikorere (Lue, urumuri rukoresha neza) ukurikije formula ikurikira:
Lue (g / mol) = umusaruro wimboga kumurima / umubare wuzuye wumucyo wabonetse nimboga kuri buri gice cyo gutera gusarura
Kubara ibintu byumye ukurikije formula ikurikira:
Ibintu byumye (%) = uburemere bwumye kuri cote / uburemere bushya kuri cote x 100%
Koresha Excel2016 n'imibare ya IBM 20 yo gusesengura amakuru mubushakashatsi no gusesengura akamaro k'itandukaniro.

Ibikoresho nuburyo
Umucyo n'ubushyuhe

Icyiciro cya mbere cyubushakashatsi cyatwaye iminsi 46 gutera imbere, icyumba cya kabiri gifata iminsi 42 gutera mu gusarura. Mugihe cyicyiciro cya mbere cyubushakashatsi, ubushyuhe buri munsi muri Greenhouse ahanini ahanini biri murwego rwa 10-18 ℃; Mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy'ikigereranyo, ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe buri munsi muri Greenhouse byari bikabije kuruta uko mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo cya mbere cy'ikigereranyo, hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwo hasi bwa buri munsi bwa 20.23 ℃. Ubushyuhe bwa buri munsi bwerekanye muri rusange murwego rwo gukura (Ishusho 1).

Mugihe cyicyiciro cya mbere cyubushakashatsi, urumuri rwa buri munsi (dli) muri parike ihindagurika munsi ya 14 mol / (㎡ · d). Mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy'ikigereranyo, umubare wa buri munsi wo kwivuza mu kiraro gisanzwe muri parike yagaragaje muri rusange, byari hejuru ya mol / (㎡ · d), ndetse n'agaciro kakuru ka Gashyantare 2020 / (㎡ · d). Guhindura umubare munini wa buri munsi wumucyo karemano muri parike mugihe cya kabiri cyubushakashatsi bwari bunini kuruta uko mugihe cyicyiciro cya mbere cyubushakashatsi (Ishusho 2). Mugihe cyicyiciro cya mbere cyubushakashatsi, amafaranga yose ya buri munsi yoroheje (igiteranyo cyumucyo kamere dli kandi iyoboye urumuri rwiyongera dli) yitsinda ryinyongera ryari hejuru ya mol / (㎡ · d) igihe kinini. Mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy'ubushakashatsi, ibishoboka byose buri munsi byoroheje byo mu mucyo w'itsinda ryiyongera ryarenze 10 mol / (㎡ · d) igihe kinini. Umubare wuzuye wo kwegeranya urumuri rwiyongera mu cyiciro cya kabiri rwari 31.75 Mol / ㎡ kurenza iyo mizingu.

Amababi yimboga umusaruro kandi ingufu zikoreshwa neza

● Icyiciro cya mbere cyibisubizo
Irashobora kugaragara kuva ku gishushanyo cya 3 ko pakchoi yuzuyemo yuzuye, imiterere yibihingwa irarimbuka, kandi amababi arakomeye kandi abyimbye kuruta ck idafite ishingiro. Ibibabi bya LB na MBI PAKCHOI birabagirana kandi byijimye icyatsi kuruta ck. Birashobora kugaragara kuva ku gishushanyo cya 4 ko umuswa akoresheje urumuri rwiyongera iruta CK idafite urumuri rwiyongera, umubare wamababi uri hejuru, kandi imiterere yibihingwa irahuzuye.

Irashobora kugaragara ku mbonerahamwe ya 1 ko nta tandukaniro rikomeye mu burebure bw'ibihingwa, umubare w'amababi, ibintu bifatika bikoreshwa neza na ck, LB na MB, ariko uburemere bushya bwa Pakchoi yavuwe na LB na MB ni hejuru cyane kuruta icya ck; Nta tandukaniro rikomeye muburemere bushya kuri star hagati ya LID ikura amatara hamwe nubururu butandukanye bwubururu mu kuvura LB na MB.

Irashobora kugaragara ku mbonerahamwe ya 2 ko igihingwa uburebure bwa salituce mu kuvura lb cyari kirenze cyane kuruta uko muri CK yavumye, ariko nta tandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati ya LB no kuvurwa na MB. Hariho itandukaniro rikomeye mu mubare w'amababi mu bihe bitatu, kandi umubare w'amababi mu kuvura MB niwe hejuru, wari ufite imyaka 27. Hariho kandi itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yiryo tsinda. Nta tandukaniro rikomeye mubintu byumye birimo kuvura CK na LB. Ibiri muri MB byari 4.24% hejuru yubuvuzi bwa CK na LB. Hariho itandukaniro rikomeye mu mucyo rikoresha neza mu kuvura inshuro eshatu. Umucyo wo hejuru ukoreshe imikorere wari mu kuvura lb, wari 13.23 g / mol, kandi hasi cyane yari muri ck kuvura, yari 10.72 G / Mol.

● Icyiciro cya kabiri cyibisubizo byibizamini

Irashobora kugaragara ku mbonerahamwe ya 3 ko igihingwa uburebure bwa Pakchoi cyavuwe na MB cyarushijeho kuba hejuru cyane kuruta icya CK, kandi nta tandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati yacyo na LB. Umubare w'amababi ya Pakchoi wavuwe na LB na MB iri hejuru cyane kurenza iyo hamwe na ck, ariko nta tandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati yitsinda ryinshi ryibitabo byoroheje. Hariho itandukaniro rikomeye muburemere bushya kuri buri gihingwa mubyarimo bitatu. Uburemere bushya kuri CAT muri CK yari hasi cyane kuri 47 g, kandi uburyo bwa MB bwari hejuru kuri 116 g. Nta tandukaniro rikomeye mubintu byumye biri hagati yubuvuzi butatu. Hariho itandukaniro ryingenzi mubikorwa byo gukoresha ingufu zubukoresha. CK iri hasi kuri 8.74 G / MOL, na MB ivura ni hejuru kuri 13.64 G / Mol.

Irashobora kugaragara ku mbonerahamwe ya 4 ko nta tandukaniro rikomeye mu burebure bw'ibihingwa bya salitusi mu mirimo itatu. Umubare w'amababi mu kuvura umwobo na MB uri hejuru cyane kuruta uko muri CK. Muri bo, umubare w'amababi ya MB wari hejuru kuri 26. Nta tandukaniro rikomeye mu mubare w'amababi hagati yo kuvura LB na MB. Uburemere bushya kuri buri tsinda ryamatsinda abiri yo kuvura urumuri rwinshi rwari hejuru cyane kurenza uko Ck, kandi uburemere bushya kuri page yari hejuru muri MB, yari 133g. Hariho kandi itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yo kuvura LB na MB. Hariho itandukaniro rikomeye mubintu byumye mubice bitatu, kandi ibintu byumye byibiri mu kuvura LB byari hejuru, byari 4.05%. Ingufu zikoresha ingufu za MB zirarenze cyane kurenza iya CK na LB ivura, ari 12.67 G / Mol.

Mugihe cya kabiri cyubushakashatsi, dli yose yitsinda ryinyongera ryinshi ryari hejuru cyane kurenza DLI mugihe kimwe cyurwego rwabakoloni mugihe cyambere cyubushakashatsi (Ishusho 1-2), hamwe nigihe cyo kwiyongera kwumucyo winyongera Itsinda ryo kuvura mu cyiciro cya kabiri cyubushakashatsi (4: 00-00- 17:00). Ugereranije n'icyiciro cya mbere cy'ubushakashatsi (6: 30-17: 00), byiyongereye n'amasaha 2.5. Igihe cyo gusarura cyimigezi ibiri ya Pakchoi yari nyuma yiminsi 35 nyuma yo gutera. Uburemere bushya bwigitero cya CK kugiti cye cyari gisa nacyo. Itandukaniro muburemere bushya kuri buri gihingwa muri lb na MB na CK muburyo bwa kabiri bwubushakashatsi bwari burenze urugero ugereranije na CK murwego rwa mbere rwibigeragezo (Imbonerahamwe 1). Igihe cyo gusarura cyicyiciro cya kabiri cya salitusi yubushakashatsi cyari iminsi 42 nyuma yo gutera, kandi igihe cyo gusarura cyicyiciro cya mbere cya salitusi yubushakashatsi yari iminsi 46 nyuma yo gutera. Umubare wumunsi wubukoloni mugihe icyiciro cya kabiri cya santice ck yasaruwe yari iminsi 4 munsi yicyiciro cya mbere, ariko uburemere bushya kuri 1,57 ku cyiciro cya mbere cyubushakashatsi (Imbonerahamwe ya 2), Kandi ingufu zikoresha ingufu zirasa. Birashobora kugaragara ko uko ubushyuhe bususurutsa buhoro buhoro kandi urumuri rusanzwe muri Greenhouse rwiyongera buhoro buhoro, umusaruro wa saliki wiyongera buhoro buhoro, umusaruro wa salitusi uragufi.

Ibikoresho nuburyo
Ibice bibiri byo kwipimisha ahanini bitwikiriye imbeho yose muri Shanghai, hamwe nitsinda rishinzwe kugenzura (CK) ryashoboye kugarura imiterere yicyatsi kibisi nigiti cyicyatsi kibisi nimbeho. Itsinda ryinyongera ryinshi ryagize ingaruka zikomeye zo kuzamurwa kumutwe kubintu byingenzi (uburemere bushya kuri cote) mubyiciro bibiri byubushakashatsi. Muri bo, umusaruro wongera ingaruka za Pakchoi zagaragaye mubunini, ibara nubwinshi bwibibabi icyarimwe. Ariko santice ikunda kongera umubare wamababi, hamwe nuburyo bwibimera busa byuzuye. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byerekana ko inzitizi zoroheje zishobora kuzamura uburemere bushya nimiterere yibicuruzwa mugutera ibyiciro byombi byimboga, bityo byongera ubucuruzi bwibicuruzwa byimboga. Pakchoi yuzuzanijwe numweru-wera-cyera, ubururu-butukura-cyera-cyera, hagati yubururu bwamababi nicyijimye, amababi arakomeye kandi abyimbye Ubwoko bwibihingwa byose birasa neza kandi bifite imbaraga. Ariko, "lesaic letuce" ni iy'imboga z'icyatsi kibisi, kandi nta mabara agaragara yo guhindura inzira yo gukura. Guhindura ibara ryibabi ntabwo bigaragara kumaso yabantu. Umubare ukwiye urumuri rwubururu rushobora guteza imbere iterambere ryibabi na synthesic pigment pigment, kandi ibuza internode kuramya. Kubwibyo, imboga mumatsinda yinyongera yoroheje rutoneshwa nabaguzi muburyo bugaragara.

Mugihe cya kabiri cyikizamini, igitangaza cya buri munsi cyubwinshi bwitsinda ryinyongera ryari hejuru cyane kurenza DLI mugihe kimwe cyurwego rwabakoloni mugihe cyambere cyubushakashatsi (Ishusho 1-2), hamwe numucyo wiyongera Igihe cya kabiri cyicyiciro cyitsinda ryinyongera (4: 00-17: 00), ugereranije nurwego rwa mbere rwikigereranyo (6: 30-17: 00), byiyongereye na 2.5 amasaha. Igihe cyo gusarura cyimigezi ibiri ya Pakchoi yari nyuma yiminsi 35 nyuma yo gutera. Uburemere bushya bwa ck mubyiciro bibiri byari bisa. Itandukaniro muburemere bushya kuri LB na MB kuvura na CK mubyiciro bya kabiri byubushakashatsi byari binini kuruta itandukaniro rinini kuri ceper hamwe nicyiciro cya mbere cyubushakashatsi (Imbonerahamwe 3). Kubwibyo, kwagura igihe cyo kwiyongera, birashobora guteza imbere ubwiyongere bwumusaruro wa Hydroponic Pakchoi watsinzwe mu nzu. Igihe cyo gusarura cyicyiciro cya kabiri cya salitusi yubushakashatsi cyari iminsi 42 nyuma yo gutera, kandi igihe cyo gusarura cyicyiciro cya mbere cya salitusi yubushakashatsi yari iminsi 46 nyuma yo gutera. Iyo icyiciro cya kabiri cya letuce yubushakashatsi cyasaruwe, iminsi yubukoloni yitsinda rya CK yari iminsi 4 munsi yicyiciro cya mbere. Ariko, uburemere bushya bwigihingwa kimwe bwari inshuro 1.57 yicyiciro cya mbere cyubushakashatsi (imbonerahamwe 2 n kumeza 4). Gukoresha ingufu zikoreshwa neza byari bisa. Birashobora kugaragara ko uko ubushyuhe buzamuka buhoro buhoro kandi urumuri rusanzwe muri Greenhouse rwiyongera buhoro buhoro (Ishusho 1-2), umusaruro wa salitusi urashobora kugabanywa ukurikije. Kubwibyo, ongeraho ibikoresho byoroheje byoroheje muri parike mugihe cyitumba gifite ubushyuhe buke nizuba ryinshi birashobora kunoza imikorere ya salitusi, hanyuma yongera umusaruro. Mu cyiciro cya mbere cy'ubushakashatsi, ibibabi by'ibabi byuzuza amafaranga yoroheje yari 0.95 kw. Ugereranije hagati yibice bibiri byubushakashatsi, gukoresha urumuri rwinshi rwa Pakchoi, imikorere yimikoreshereze yingufu mugerageza cya kabiri yari munsi yibyo mubushakashatsi bwa mbere. Ingufu zikoreshwa neza za saliftuce ck na lb amatsinda yo kuvura urumuri rwiyongera mugihe cya kabiri cyambere kirenze gato kurenza ibyo mubushakashatsi bwa mbere. Harashimwa ko impamvu ishoboka ari uko ubushyuhe buke bwa buri munsi nyuma yicyumweru nyuma yo gutera bituma habaho igihe kirekire Ku rwego rwo hasi, rwabujije ingufu zikoreshwa mu mboro mugihe cyo gukura muri rusange kuri hydroponics yimboga zibabi. (Ishusho 1).

Mugihe cyubushakashatsi, ikidendezi cyintungamubiri ntabwo cyari gifite ibikoresho bishyushye, kugirango imizi yimboga yamababi ya hydroponic yahoraga ari murwego rwo hasi, kandi ubushyuhe buringaniye bwari buke, butuma imboga zimaze kunanirwa gukoresha byuzuye y'umwonda wa buri munsi wiyongereye ugura urumuri rwiyongera. Kubwibyo, mugihe humura urumuri muri parike mugihe cyitumba, birakenewe kugirango dusuzume ingamba zikwiranye no gushyushya hakoreshejwe ingamba zo kugahura urumuri rwo kongera umusaruro. Kubwibyo, birakenewe gusuzuma ingamba zikwiye zo kubungabunga ubushyuhe nubushyuhe bwo kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe kugirango hakemure ingaruka zongereranyo no gutanga umusaruro wiyongereyeho. Imikoreshereze yumucyo winyongera ya LES izongera igiciro cyumusaruro ku rugero runaka, umusaruro w'ubuhinzi ubwawo ntabwo ari inganda zitanga umusaruro. Kubwibyo rero, ku buryo bwo kunoza ingamba zoroheje zoroheje kandi zifatanya nizindi ngamba mumisaruro nyayo yo gukora imisaruro yimbeho, nuburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho byiyongera kugirango ugere ku mikorere ya GreenO , biracyakeneye kurushaho ubushakashatsi ku musaruro.

Abanditsi: Yiming Ji, Kang Liu, Xianing Zhang, Honglei Mao (Shanghai Icyatsi Cube Ubuhinzi Amajyambere Co., Ltd).
Inkoko Inkomoko: Ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi (Green Horticulture).

INGINGO:
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