Greenhouse horticultural tekinoroji yubuhinziYatangajwe 17: 30 ku ya 14 Ukwakira 2022 i Beijing

Hamwe n’ubwiyongere bukabije bw’abatuye isi, abantu bakeneye ibiribwa bagenda biyongera umunsi ku munsi, kandi hasabwa ibisabwa cyane kugira ngo imirire n’umutekano bibe.Guhinga umusaruro mwinshi kandi wujuje ubuziranenge nuburyo bwingenzi bwo gukemura ibibazo byibiribwa.Nyamara, uburyo gakondo bwo korora bufata igihe kirekire cyo guhinga ubwoko bwiza, bugabanya iterambere ryubworozi.Ku bihingwa byangiza buri mwaka, birashobora gufata imyaka 10 ~ 15 uhereye kubabyeyi bambere bambuka kugeza kubyara ubwoko bushya.Kubwibyo, kugirango byihutishe iterambere ry’ubworozi bw’ibihingwa, birihutirwa kunoza imikorere y’ubworozi no kugabanya igihe cyo kubyara.

Ubworozi bwihuse bisobanura kongera umuvuduko ukura wibimera, kwihutisha indabyo nimbuto, no kugabanya ubworozi bw’imyororokere hagamijwe kugenzura ibidukikije mu cyumba gikura cy’ibidukikije kigenzurwa neza.Uruganda rw’ibihingwa ni gahunda y’ubuhinzi ishobora kugera ku musaruro w’ibihingwa neza binyuze mu kugenzura neza ibidukikije mu bigo, kandi ni ahantu heza ho korora vuba.Ibidukikije byatewe nkumucyo, ubushyuhe, ubushuhe hamwe nubushuhe bwa CO2 muruganda birashobora kugenzurwa, kandi ntibishobora cyangwa biterwa cyane nikirere cyo hanze.Mugihe ibidukikije bigenzurwa, ubukana bwiza bwumucyo, igihe cyumucyo nubushyuhe burashobora kwihutisha inzira zitandukanye zumubiri wibimera, cyane cyane fotosintezeza nindabyo, bityo bikagabanya igihe cyigihe cyo gukura kwibihingwa.Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryuruganda kugirango ugenzure imikurire niterambere, gusarura imbuto hakiri kare, mugihe imbuto nke zifite ubushobozi bwo kumera zishobora guhaza ubworozi.

Photoperiod, ibintu nyamukuru bidukikije bigira ingaruka kumikurire yibihingwa

Umucyo wumucyo bivuga guhinduranya ibihe byumucyo nigihe cyumwijima kumunsi.Umucyo urumuri ni ikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kumikurire, iterambere, kurabyo no kwera imbuto.Mu kumva ihinduka ryumucyo, ibihingwa birashobora guhinduka kuva kumera yibimera bikura kumyororokere no kumera neza no kwera.Ubwoko butandukanye bwibihingwa na genotypes bifite ibisubizo bitandukanye bya physiologique kumihindagurikire ya Photoperiod.Ibimera birebire-izuba, igihe izuba rirenze uburebure bwizuba bukomeye, igihe cyo kurabyo gisanzwe cyihuta nukwiyongera kwa fotoperiod, nka oati, ingano na sayiri.Ibimera bidafite aho bibogamiye, hatitawe kuri Photoperiod, bizera, nk'umuceri, ibigori na combre.Ibimera byigihe gito, nka pamba, soya na millet, bikenera fotoperiod munsi yuburebure bwizuba ryinshi kugirango bimera.Mubidukikije byubukorikori bwumucyo wa 8h nubushyuhe bwo hejuru 30, igihe cyo kumera kwa amaranth kirenze iminsi 40 mbere ugereranije nibidukikije.Mugihe cyo kuvura urumuri rwa 16/8 h (urumuri / umwijima), genotypes zose za barley zarabye kare: Franklin (iminsi 36), Gairdner (iminsi 35), Gimmett (iminsi 33), Komanda (iminsi 30), Fleet (29 iminsi), Baudin (iminsi 26) na Lockyer (iminsi 25).

Mugihe cyibidukikije, igihe cyo gukura cy ingano gishobora kugabanywa ukoresheje umuco wa urusoro kugirango ubone ingemwe, hanyuma ukazimya amasaha 16, kandi ibisekuruza 8 bishobora kubyara buri mwaka.Igihe cyo gukura kwamashaza cyaragabanutse kuva muminsi 143 mubidukikije kugeza kuminsi 67 muri parike yubukorikori hamwe numucyo wa 16h.Mugukomeza kongera fotoperiod kugeza 20h ukayihuza na 21 ° C / 16 ° C (amanywa / nijoro), igihe cyo gukura kwamashaza gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kumunsi 68, naho igipimo cyimbuto ni 97.8%.Ukurikije ibidukikije bigenzurwa, nyuma yamasaha 20 yo kuvura Photoperiod, bifata iminsi 32 kuva kubiba kugeza kumurabyo, kandi igihe cyose cyo gukura ni iminsi 62-71, kikaba kigufi ugereranije nuko mubihe byimirima iminsi irenga 30.Ukurikije pariki yubukorikori hamwe na 22h Photoperiod, igihe cyo kurabya ingano, sayiri, gufata kungufu na soya bigabanywa niminsi 22, 64, 73 na 33 ugereranije.Ugereranije no gusarura imbuto hakiri kare, igipimo cyo kumera kwimbuto kare gishobora kugera kuri 92%, 98%, 89% na 94% ugereranije, ibyo bikaba bishobora guhaza ubworozi.Ubwoko bwihuse burashobora gukomeza gutanga ibisekuruza 6 (ingano) nibisekuru 7 (ingano).Ukurikije fotoperiyo yamasaha 22, igihe cyo kurabyo cya oati cyaragabanutseho iminsi 11, kandi nyuma yiminsi 21 nyuma yindabyo, hashobora kubaho byibuze imbuto 5 nzima, kandi ibisekuruza bitanu bishobora gukomeza gukwirakwizwa buri mwaka.Muri pariki yubukorikori ifite amatara yamasaha 22, igihe cyo gukura kwindabyo kigabanywa kugeza ku minsi 115, kandi gishobora kubyara ibisekuruza 3-4 kumwaka.Ukurikije amasaha 24 akomeza kumurikirwa muri parike yubukorikori, imikurire yikimera yagabanutse kuva muminsi 145 ikagera kumunsi 89, kandi irashobora gukwirakwizwa mubisekuru 4 mumwaka umwe.

Ubwiza bworoshye

Umucyo ugira uruhare runini mu mikurire no gukura kw'ibimera.Umucyo urashobora kugenzura indabyo mugukora ingaruka zifotora.Ikigereranyo cyurumuri rutukura (R) nurumuri rwubururu (B) ni ingenzi cyane kumurabyo wibihingwa.Uburebure bwumucyo utukura wa 600 ~ 700nm burimo impinga ya chlorophyll ya 660nm, ishobora guteza imbere fotosintezeza.Uburebure bwurumuri rwubururu bwa 400 ~ 500nm bizagira ingaruka kumafoto yibimera, gufungura stomatal no gukura kwingemwe.Mu ngano, igipimo cy'itara ritukura n'umucyo w'ubururu ni 1, gishobora gutera indabyo hakiri kare.Munsi yumucyo wa R: B = 4: 1, igihe cyo gukura cyubwoko bwa soya hagati na nyuma yo gukura cyatinze cyaragabanutse kuva muminsi 120 kigera kumunsi 63, kandi uburebure bwibimera hamwe na biomass yintungamubiri byagabanutse, ariko umusaruro wimbuto ntiwagize ingaruka , ishobora guhaza byibuze imbuto imwe kuri buri gihingwa, kandi ikigereranyo cyo kumera kwimbuto zidakuze cyari 81.7%.Ukurikije kumurika 10h hamwe no kongeramo urumuri rwubururu, ibihingwa bya soya byabaye bigufi kandi bikomeye, birabya nyuma yiminsi 23 nyuma yo kubiba, bikura muminsi 77, kandi bishobora kubyara ibisekuruza 5 mumwaka umwe.

Ikigereranyo cy'itara ritukura n'umucyo utukura cyane (FR) nacyo kigira ingaruka kumurabyo wibimera.Ibibyimba bifotora bibaho muburyo bubiri: kwinjiza umutuku kure cyane (Pfr) no kwinjiza urumuri rutukura (Pr).Ku gipimo gito R: FR, pigmentensens pigment ihindurwa kuva Pfr ikajya muri Pr, biganisha kumurabyo wibiti byigihe kirekire.Gukoresha amatara ya LED kugirango ugenzure R: FR (0.66 ~ 1.07) irashobora kongera uburebure bwibimera, bigatera imbere kurabyo kwibihingwa byigihe kirekire (nkicyubahiro cya mugitondo na snapdragon), kandi bikabuza kurabya ibimera byigihe gito (nka marigold ).Iyo R: FR irenze 3.1, igihe cyo kurabyo cyindabyo kiratinda.Kugabanya R: FR kugeza kuri 1.9 birashobora kubona ingaruka nziza yindabyo, kandi irashobora kumera kumunsi wa 31 nyuma yo kubiba.Ingaruka yumucyo utukura kubuza indabyo guhuzwa na fotosensitif pigment Pr.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko igihe R: FR irenze 3.5, igihe cyo kumera cyibiti bitanu byitwa legine (amashaza, inkeri, ibishyimbo bigari, lentile na lupine) bizatinda.Muri genotypes zimwe na zimwe za amaranth n'umuceri, urumuri rutukura-rukoreshwa mugutezimbere indabyo iminsi 10 niminsi 20.

Ifumbire mvaruganda CO₂

CO₂ni isoko nyamukuru ya karubone ya fotosintezeza.Kwibanda cyane CO₂irashobora guteza imbere gukura no kubyara C3 yumwaka, mugihe CO yibanze cyane₂irashobora kugabanya imikurire niyororoka kubera kugabanuka kwa karubone.Kurugero, imikorere ya fotosintetike yibiti bya C3, nkumuceri ningano, byiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwa CO₂urwego, bivamo kwiyongera kwa biomass no kurabya kare.Kugirango tumenye ingaruka nziza za CO₂kwiyongera kwinshi, birashobora kuba nkenerwa guhuza amazi nintungamubiri.Kubwibyo, mugihe cyishoramari ritagira imipaka, hydroponique irashobora kurekura byimazeyo ubushobozi bwikura ryibimera.CO₂kwibanda byatinze igihe cyo kurabyo cya Arabidopsis thaliana, mugihe CO yo hejuru₂kwibanda byihutishije igihe cyo kurabya umuceri, bigabanya igihe cyo gukura kwumuceri kugeza kumezi 3, kandi ikwirakwiza ibisekuru 4 kumwaka.Mu kuzuza CO₂kugeza kuri 785.7μmol / mol mu gasanduku ko gukura, uburyo bwo korora ubwoko bwa soya 'Enrei' bwaragabanijwe kugeza ku minsi 70, kandi bushobora kubyara ibisekuruza 5 mu mwaka umwe.Iyo CO₂kwibandaho byiyongereye kugera kuri 550μmol / mol, indabyo za Cajanus cajan zatinze iminsi 8 ~ 9, kandi igihe cyo kwera imbuto nigihe cyo kwera nacyo cyatinze iminsi 9.Cajanus cajan yakusanyije isukari idashonga kuri CO nyinshi₂kwibanda, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ihererekanyabubasha ry’ibimera no gutinda kurabyo.Mubyongeyeho, mucyumba cyo gukura hamwe na CO yiyongereye₂, umubare nubwiza bwindabyo za soya byiyongera, bifasha kuvanga, kandi igipimo cyacyo cyo kuvanga kiri hejuru cyane ugereranije na soya ihingwa mumurima.

Ibyiringiro by'ejo hazaza

Ubuhinzi bugezweho bushobora kwihutisha gahunda yo korora ibihingwa hakoreshejwe ubundi buryo bwo korora no korora ibikoresho.Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, hari ibitagenda neza muri ubu buryo, nkibisabwa by’imiterere y’imiterere, imicungire y’imirimo ihenze hamwe n’imiterere karemano idahungabana, idashobora kwemeza umusaruro mwiza.Ubworozi bworoshye buterwa nikirere, kandi igihe cyo kongera ibisekuruza ni gito.Nyamara, ubworozi bwa marike bwihuta gusa guhitamo no kugena imiterere yubworozi.Kugeza ubu, tekinoroji yo korora byihuse yakoreshejwe kuri Gramineae, Leguminosae, Cruciferae n'ibindi bihingwa.Nyamara, uruganda rwibihingwa byororoka byihuta bikuraho burundu ingaruka zimiterere yikirere, kandi birashobora kugenga ibidukikije bikura bikurikije imikurire niterambere.Guhuza uruganda rwibihingwa byororoka byihuse hamwe nubworozi gakondo, ubworozi bwa marikeri nubundi buryo bwo korora neza, mugihe cyubworozi bwihuse, igihe gisabwa kugirango ubone imirongo ihuza ibitsina nyuma yo kuvanga gishobora kugabanuka, kandi mugihe kimwe, ibisekuruza byambere birashobora kuba byatoranijwe kugabanya igihe gisabwa kugirango ubone imico myiza n'ibisekuruza byororoka.

Inzitizi nyamukuru y’ikoranabuhanga ryororoka ryihuse mu nganda ni uko ibidukikije bisabwa mu mikurire n’iterambere ry’ibihingwa bitandukanye bitandukanye cyane, kandi bisaba igihe kirekire kugira ngo haboneke ibidukikije kugira ngo ubworozi bwihuse bw’ibihingwa bigerweho.Muri icyo gihe, kubera igiciro kinini cyo kubaka uruganda no gukora, biragoye gukora igeragezwa rinini ry’ubworozi bw’inyongeramusaruro, akenshi riganisha ku mbuto nkeya, zishobora kugabanya isuzuma ry’imiterere y’umurima.Hamwe nogutezimbere gahoro gahoro ibikoresho byinganda nikoranabuhanga, uruganda nigikorwa cyuruganda rugabanuka buhoro buhoro.Birashoboka kurushaho kunoza tekinoroji yororoka byihuse no kugabanya ubworozi bworozi muguhuza neza uruganda rwibihingwa byororoka byihuse hamwe nubundi buryo bwo korora.

IHEREZO

Amakuru yatanzwe

Liu Kaizhe, Liu Houcheng.Iterambere ryubushakashatsi bwuruganda rwibihingwa byihuta byororoka [J].Ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi, 2022.42 (22): 46-49.