Umwimerere Zhang Zhiping Greenhouse Horticulture Ubuhinzi Bwubuhanga Bwubuhanga 2022-08-26 17:20 Byoherejwe i Beijing

Ubushinwa bwashyizeho gahunda yo gukumira no kurwanya icyatsi no gukura kwa zeru-zero, kandi ikoranabuhanga rishya rikoresha amafoto y’udukoko mu kurwanya udukoko twangiza ubuhinzi ryatejwe imbere kandi rikoreshwa.

Amahame yubuhanga bwo kurwanya udukoko twangiza

Kurwanya udukoko hakoreshejwe tekinoroji ya spekitroscopique ishingiye ku miterere ya physiologique iranga udukoko.Udukoko twinshi dufite urwego rusanzwe rugaragara, igice kimwe cyibanze mumurongo utagaragara wa UVA, ikindi gice kiri mubice bigaragara.Mu gice kitagaragara, kubera ko kiri hanze yurumuri rugaragara na fotosintezeza, bivuze ko ibikorwa byubushakashatsi muri iki gice cyitsinda ntacyo bizagira ku kazi no gufotora fotosintezeza.Abashakashatsi basanze mu guhagarika iki gice cy’itsinda, gishobora gutera ahantu hatabona udukoko, kugabanya ibikorwa byazo, kurinda ibihingwa ibyonnyi no kugabanya kwanduza virusi.Muri iki gice cyumucyo ugaragara, birashoboka gushimangira iki gice cyitsinda mugace ka kure y ibihingwa kugirango bibangamire icyerekezo cyibikorwa by’udukoko kugirango turinde ibihingwa.

Udukoko dusanzwe muri icyo kigo

Udukoko dukunze kuboneka mu gutera harimo thrips, aphide, isazi zera, hamwe n’ibabi, n'ibindi.

kurwara

Indwara ya aphid

kwanduza umweru

kwanduza amababi

Ibisubizo byo kurwanya udukoko twangiza nindwara

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko udukoko twavuze haruguru dufite akamenyero ko kubaho.Ibikorwa, guhaguruka no gushakisha ibiryo by'udukoko bishingiye ku kugendagenda kwerekanwa mu itsinda runaka, nka aphide n'ibisazi byera mu mucyo wa ultraviolet (uburebure bw'umuraba hafi 360 nm) n'icyatsi kibisi n'umuhondo (520 ~ 540 nm) bifite ingingo zakira.Kwivanga niyi mitwe yombi bibangamira ibikorwa by’udukoko kandi bigabanya umuvuduko w’imyororokere.Thrips nayo ifite sensibilité igaragara mugice cyumucyo kigaragara cya 400-500 nm.

Itara ryamabara igice rishobora gukurura udukoko kubutaka, bityo bigatuma habaho uburyo bwiza bwo gukurura no gufata udukoko.Byongeye kandi, urwego rwo hejuru rwerekana izuba (hejuru ya 25% yimirasire yumucyo) birashobora kandi kubuza udukoko kwangiza ibintu byiza.Nkuburemere, uburebure bwumurabyo no gutandukanya ibara, nabyo bigira ingaruka cyane kurwego rwo kurwanya udukoko.Udukoko tumwe na tumwe dufite ibice bibiri bigaragara, aribyo UV n'umuhondo-icyatsi kibisi, naho bimwe bifite ibice bitatu bigaragara, aribyo UV, itara ry'ubururu n'itara ry'umuhondo-icyatsi.

bigaragara urumuri rworoshye rwudukoko dusanzwe

Byongeye kandi, udukoko twangiza dushobora guhungabanywa na Phototaxis mbi.Mu kwiga ingeso zubuzima bw’udukoko, hashobora gukemurwa ibisubizo bibiri byo kurwanya udukoko.Imwe muriyo ni uguhindura ibidukikije muri parike igaragaramo imbogamizi, kuburyo urwego rwimikorere yudukoko turimo pariki, nkurumuri rwa ultraviolet, rugabanuka kugera kurwego rwo hasi cyane, kugirango habeho "ubuhumyi" kuri udukoko muri iri tsinda;icya kabiri, kumwanya udahagarikwa, kugaragariza cyangwa gutatanya urumuri rwamabara yabandi bakira muri parike birashobora kwiyongera, bityo bikabangamira icyerekezo cyo kuguruka no kugwa kw’udukoko.

Uburyo bwo guhagarika UV

Uburyo bwo guhagarika UV nuburyo bwo kongeramo UV ikumira muri parike ya parike hamwe nudukoko tw’udukoko, kugirango duhagarike neza imirongo minini yumuraba wunvikana nudukoko mumucyo winjira muri parike.Gutyo, guhagarika ibikorwa by’udukoko, kugabanya imyororokere no kugabanya kwanduza udukoko n’indwara mu bihingwa muri pariki.

Urusobe rw'udukoko

Urushundura rwa mesh 50 (rwinshi rwa mesh) rushobora kwangiza udukoko gusa nubunini bwa mesh.Ibinyuranye nibyo, mesh iraguka kandi guhumeka ni byiza, ariko udukoko ntidushobora kurwanya.

ingaruka zo gukingira urusobe rwinshi rwinshi

Urushundura rw'udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twongeramo inyongeramusaruro ya anti-ultraviolet kubikoresho fatizo.Kubera ko bidashingiye gusa ku bucucike bwa mesh mu kurwanya udukoko, birashoboka kandi gukoresha urushundura rwo hasi rwo kurwanya udukoko kugira ngo tugere ku ngaruka nziza yo kurwanya udukoko.Nukuvuga ko, nubwo bihumeka neza, bigera no kurwanya udukoko neza.Kubwibyo rero, kwivuguruza hagati yo guhumeka no kurwanya udukoko mu kigo cy’ibihingwa nabyo byakemutse, kandi ibisabwa byombi birashobora gukorwa kandi hagereranijwe uburinganire bugereranijwe..

Uhereye ku kugaragariza umurongo uri munsi ya 50-meshi yo kurwanya udukoko twangiza udukoko, urashobora kubona ko umurongo wa UV (urumuri rwangiza udukoko twangiza) rwinjiye cyane, kandi ntirugaragara munsi ya 10%.Mubice bya windows ihumeka ya parike ifite inshundura zinzitane zidasanzwe, iyerekwa ry’udukoko ntirishoboka muri iri tsinda.

Ikarita yerekana udukoko twangiza udukingirizo (50 mesh)

inshundura zudukoko hamwe nuburyo butandukanye

Kugirango hamenyekane imikorere ikingira urushundura rwangiza udukoko, abashakashatsi bakoze ibizamini bifatika, ni ukuvuga mu busitani butanga inyanya, inshundura-50 zisanzwe zangiza udukoko, inshundura 50-zangiza udukoko, 40- mesh udukoko dusanzwe -urushundura, hamwe na mesh 40-mesh yerekana udukoko twangiza udukoko.Urushundura rw'udukoko hamwe nibikorwa bitandukanye hamwe n'ubucucike butandukanye bwa mesh byakoreshejwe kugereranya ibipimo byo kubaho kw'ibisazi byera na thrips.Muri buri mubare, umubare w’ibisazi byera munsi ya 50-mesh ya sprifike yo kurwanya udukoko twaragabanutse cyane, kandi umubare wibisazi byera munsi ya meshi 40 ya mesh bisanzwe byari byinshi.Birashobora kugaragara neza ko munsi yumubare umwe wurushundura rwangiza udukoko, umubare wibisazi byera munsi yurushundura rwangiza udukoko ni bike cyane ugereranije nurushundura rusanzwe.Munsi imwe ya meshi, umubare wibisumizi munsi yurushundura rwangiza udukoko nturi munsi ugereranije nurushundura rusanzwe rwangiza udukoko, ndetse numubare wibisumizi munsi ya mesh 40 ya meshi yerekana udukoko twangiza udukoko ni munsi yu munsi inshundura 50-inshundura zisanzwe zangiza udukoko.Muri rusange, urushundura rwangiza udukoko rushobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye zo kurwanya udukoko kuruta inshundura nini zisanzwe zangiza udukoko mu gihe zitanga umwuka mwiza.

Ingaruka zo gukingira inshundura zitandukanye zangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko

Muri icyo gihe, abashakashatsi bakoze kandi ubundi bushakashatsi, ni ukuvuga, gukoresha inshundura 50-inshundura zisanzwe zangiza udukoko, inshundura 50-zangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko, hamwe ninshundura 68-inshundura zisanzwe zangiza udukoko kugira ngo bagereranye umubare w’ibisambo muri pariki yo kubyara inyanya.Nkuko ishusho ya 10 yabigaragaje, inshundura imwe isanzwe yo kurwanya udukoko, 68-mesh, kubera ubwinshi bwayo meshi, ingaruka zurushundura rwangiza udukoko ziri hejuru cyane ugereranije n’urushundura rusanzwe rwangiza udukoko 50.Ariko urushundura rumwe-50-mesh nkeya-meshi yerekana udukoko twangiza udukoko dufite thrips nkeya ugereranije na mesh-68-mesh zisanzwe zangiza udukoko.

kugereranya umubare wa thrips munsi yinshundura zitandukanye

Byongeye kandi, mugihe ugerageza inshundura 50-mesh zisanzwe zidashobora kwangiza udukoko hamwe na mesh 40-yerekana inshundura zangiza udukoko hamwe nibikorwa bibiri bitandukanye hamwe nubucucike butandukanye bwa mesh, mugihe ugereranije numubare wamafaranga kuri buri kibaho gifatanye mukarere k’umusemburo, abashakashatsi basanze ko hamwe na meshi yo hasi, umubare winshundura nawo ufite ingaruka nziza zokwirinda udukoko kuruta inshundura-zisanzwe zangiza udukoko.

kugereranya numero ya thrip munsi yinshundura zitandukanye zo kurwanya udukoko mubikorwa

kugereranya kwukuri kwingaruka-zangiza udukoko twa meshi hamwe nibikorwa bitandukanye

 Filime yica udukoko

Ubusanzwe pariki itwikiriye firime izakuramo igice cyumucyo UV, nayo niyo mpamvu nyamukuru yo kwihutisha gusaza kwa firime.Inyongeramusaruro zibuza UVA kumva udukoko twiyongera kuri parike itwikiriye parike hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga ridasanzwe, kandi hashingiwe ku kureba niba ubuzima busanzwe bwa firime butagira ingaruka, bukozwe muri firime ifite udukoko twangiza udukoko. imitungo.

Ingaruka za firime ya UV-firime na firime isanzwe kubantu bera, thrips, na aphids

Hamwe no kwiyongera kwigihe cyo gutera, birashobora kugaragara ko umubare w udukoko munsi ya firime isanzwe wiyongereye cyane ugereranije nu munsi ya UV ibuza firime.Twakagombye kwerekana ko ikoreshwa ryubu bwoko bwa firime risaba abahinzi kwita cyane cyane kubyinjira no gusohoka no guhumeka igihe bakorera muri parike ya buri munsi, bitabaye ibyo ingaruka zo gukoresha film zizagabanuka.Bitewe no kurwanya neza udukoko na firime yo guhagarika UV, gukoresha imiti yica udukoko n’abahinzi iragabanuka.Mu gutera eustoma muri kiriya kigo, hamwe na firime ya UV ihagarika, yaba umubare wibibabi, thrips, isazi yera cyangwa ingano yica udukoko twangiza, ntabwo ari munsi ya firime isanzwe.

Kugereranya ingaruka za UV guhagarika firime na firime isanzwe

kugereranya gukoresha imiti yica udukoko muri parike ukoresheje UV ikumira firime & firime isanzwe

Uburyo bworoshye-ibara ryivanga / uburyo bwo gufata imitego

Ibara tropism ni ukwirinda kuranga udukoko twibonekeje kumabara atandukanye.Ukoresheje ubukangurambaga bw’udukoko kuri amabara amwe agaragara kugira ngo abangamire icyerekezo cy’udukoko twangiza, bityo bigabanye kwangiza udukoko ku bihingwa no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’udukoko.

Kwivanga kwa firime

Mu gutunganya, uruhande rwumuhondo rwa firime yumuhondo-umukara rureba hejuru, kandi udukoko nka aphide nisazi zera bigwa kuri firime ari nyinshi kubera gufotora.Muri icyo gihe, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa firime buri hejuru cyane mu cyi, ku buryo umubare w’udukoko twinshi twiziritse ku buso bwa firime twicwa, bityo bikagabanya ibyangiritse ku bihingwa byangiza udukoko nk'utwo twangiza imyaka. .Ifeza-imvi ya firime ikoresha tropism mbi ya aphide, thrips, nibindi kugirango urumuri rwamabara.Gupfundikanya imyumbati hamwe na strawberry gutera pariki hamwe na firime ya silver-gray irashobora kugabanya neza ingaruka ziterwa nudukoko.

ukoresheje ubwoko butandukanye bwa firime

Ingaruka ifatika ya firime yumuhondo-umukara mugikorwa cyo gukora inyanya

Kwerekana kwifata kwizuba ryamabara

Gupfukirana inshundura zizuba zamabara atandukanye hejuru ya pariki zirashobora kugabanya kwangirika kwibihingwa ukoresheje ibara ryamabara yibiranga udukoko.Umubare wibisazi byera biguma murushundura byari byinshi cyane kurenza urushundura rutukura, urushundura rwubururu hamwe nurushundura rwirabura.Umubare wibisazi byera muri pariki bitwikiriwe nurushundura rwumuhondo byari bike cyane ugereranije nurushundura rwumukara hamwe nurushundura rwera.

gusesengura ibyonnyi byangiza udukoko twizuba ryamabara atandukanye

Kwerekana kwivanga kwa aluminium foil yerekana izuba ryizuba

Urushundura rwa aluminiyumu rushyirwa hejuru kuruhande rwa parike, kandi umubare wibisazi byaragabanutse cyane.Ugereranije n'urusobe rusanzwe rwangiza udukoko, umubare wa thrips wagabanutse uva kumutwe 17.1 / m²kugeza ku mitwe 4.0 / m².

ikoreshwa rya aluminium foil yerekana net

Ikibaho

Mu musaruro, imbaho ​​z'umuhondo zikoreshwa mu gufata no kwica aphide na cyera.Mubyongeyeho, thrips yunvikana ubururu kandi ifite tagisi ikomeye y'ubururu.Mu musaruro, imbaho ​​z'ubururu zirashobora gukoreshwa mu gufata no kwica thrips, nibindi, bishingiye ku nyigisho y’amabara y’udukoko-tagisi.Muri byo, lente ifite bullseye cyangwa ishusho irashimishije cyane gukurura udukoko.

kaseti ifatanye hamwe na bullseye cyangwa igishushanyo

Ibisobanuro

Zhang Zhiping.Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji yo kurwanya udukoko mu bikoresho [J].Ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi, 42 (19): 17-22.