Umwanditsi: Changji Zhou, Hongbo Li, nibindi

Inkomoko: Greenhouse Horticulture Technology Technology Technology Technology

Ngiyo ishingiro ryubushakashatsi bwikigo cyubumenyi bwubuhinzi mu karere ka Haidian, hamwe n’imurikagurisha ry’ubuhinzi n’ikoranabuhanga rya Haidian.Muri 2017, umwanditsi yayoboye ishyirwaho rya parike ya plasitike ya plastike igizwe na parike ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi buturuka muri Koreya yepfo.Kugeza ubu, Umuyobozi Zheng yayihinduye pariki itanga umusaruro wa parike ihuza ikoranabuhanga, gutembera no gutoranya, kwidagadura no kwidagadura.Yiswe "5G Cloud Strawberry", kandi nzagutwara kubimenyera hamwe.

Gutera ibiti bya Strawberry hamwe no gukoresha umwanya wacyo

Liftable strawberry shelf na sisitemu yo kumanika

Ahantu ho guhinga nuburyo bwo guhinga

Ahantu ho guhinga hibandwa ku gutanga amazi no gutemba munsi y’ahantu ho guhinga, kandi inkombe izamurwa hanze hagati yubuso bwo hasi bw’ahantu ho guhinga mu cyerekezo kirekire (uhereye imbere y’ahantu ho guhinga, mu nsi yo hepfo. ni i Hasi).Amazi nyamukuru atanga ahantu ho guhinga ashyirwa mu buryo butaziguye muri iki kibaya cyo hasi, kandi amazi yavuye mu buhinzi nayo akusanyirizwa muri iki cyatsi kimwe, hanyuma akava mu mpera imwe y’ahantu ho guhinga.

Ibyiza byo gutera strawberry hamwe ninkono yo guhinga ni uko hepfo yinkono yo guhinga itandukanijwe nubutaka bwo hasi bwahantu ho guhinga, kandi amazi maremare ntazakorwa mugice cyo hepfo ya substrate, hamwe no guhumeka muri rusange substrate yatezimbere;Bizakwirakwira n'amazi yo kuhira;icya gatatu, ntihazabaho kumeneka mugihe substrate yashizwe mumasafuriya yo guhinga, kandi akazu ko guhingamo ni keza kandi keza muri rusange.Ingaruka zubu buryo ni cyane cyane ko kuhira imyaka no gutera inkono yo guhinga byongera ishoramari mu kubaka ibikoresho.

Gukura ahantu hamwe n'amasafuriya

Sisitemu yo guhinga kumanika no guterura

Sisitemu yo kumanika no guterura ikigega cyo guhinga usanga ahanini ari kimwe nubwa gakondo bwo guterura ibyatsi.Impapuro zimanikwa ahantu ho guhinga zizengurutse ahantu ho guhinga, kandi zihuza indobo zimanikwa hamwe n’uruziga ruhinduranya hamwe n’icyuma cy’indabyo gishobora guhinduka uburebure (bwakoreshejwe mu guhuza uburebure bw’uburebure bw’ahantu ho guhinga).Kuri chord yo hepfo, urundi mpera rwakomerekejwe kumuziga uhujwe na shitingi ya moteri igabanya moteri.

Sisitemu yo guhinga yamanitse sisitemu

Hashingiwe kuri sisitemu rusange yo kumanika isi yose, kugirango ihuze ibikenewe byuburyo bwihariye bwambukiranya ahantu ho guhinga no gukenera kwerekana ahantu nyaburanga, ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byihariye kandi byateguwe hano.

(1) Guhinga ibihingwa.Impapuro zimanikwa kumurima wubuhinzi nubwa mbere ifunze-ifunguye, ikorwa no kunama no gusudira insinga zicyuma.Kwambukiranya igice cya buri gice cyimanitse ni kimwe, kandi imiterere yubukanishi irahuye;Igice cyo hepfo yikibanza nacyo gifata kimwe cya kabiri kizenguruka;icya gatatu nugukingura hagati yindobo muburyo bukaze, kandi impfuruka yo hejuru ifatanyirizwa mu buryo butaziguye aho yunamye, ntabwo itanga gusa ihame rihamye ryuburemere bwikibanza cyo guhinga, ariko kandi ntigaragara no guhindagurika kuruhande, kandi iremeza kandi ko indobo ifashwe neza kandi ntizanyerera kandi ikagenda.

Guhinga buckle

(2) Umutekano umanika umugozi.Hashingiwe kuri sisitemu gakondo yo kumanika, hiyongereyeho uburyo bwo kumanika umutekano buri 6m ukurikije uburebure bwahantu ho guhinga.Ibisabwa kuri sisitemu yinyongera kumanika sisitemu, ubanza, gukora hamwe na sisitemu yo kumanika;kabiri, kugira ubushobozi buhagije bwo gutwara.Kugirango ugere ku bisabwa byavuzwe haruguru, hashyizweho uburyo bwo kumanika ibikoresho byo kumanika isoko byateguwe kandi byatoranijwe kugirango bikureho umugozi umanika ahantu ho guhinga.Umuyaga wimpeshyi utunganijwe ugereranije nu gutwara umugozi umanika, kandi umanikwa kandi ugashyirwa kumurongo wo hasi wa parike ya parike.

Sisitemu Yongeyeho Guhagarika Umutekano

Ibikoresho bifasha ibikoresho byo guhinga rack

(1) Sisitemu yo gufata amakarita.Sisitemu yo gufata amakarita yavuzwe hano igizwe ahanini nibice bibiri: ikarito yikarita yikimera hamwe nu mugozi wifeza wamabara.Muri byo, amakarita yikarita yibihingwa ni inteko igizwe nigice kigoramye kandi muri rusange U-ikarita yikarita hamwe n ikarita ya U ifite inkoni ebyiri.Igice cyo hepfo no hepfo yikarita U ifunitse ikarita ihuye nubunini bwo hanze bwahantu ho guhinga, hanyuma ikikiza ahantu ho guhinga uhereye hasi;nyuma yamashami yacyo abiri arenze umwanya ufunguye ahahingwa, kora umugozi kugirango uhuze inkoni ebyiri, kandi nanone igira uruhare mukubuza guhindura imiterere yo gufungura ahahingwa;ni akantu gato gafite U gafite epfo na ruguru hejuru, ikoreshwa mugukosora umugozi utandukanya amababi yimbuto za strawberry;igice cyo hejuru cyikarita U ifite ishusho ya W igizwe no gukosora amashami ya strawberry namababi ahuza umugozi.Ikarita U-ifunze ikarita hamwe ninkoni ya kabiri igizwe no kugoreka insinga zicyuma.

Umugozi wo gutandukanya amababi yimbuto ukoreshwa mugukusanya amashami namababi ya strawberry mubugari bwagutse bwahantu ho guhinga, no kumanika imbuto za strawberry hanze y’ahantu ho guhinga, ntabwo byoroshye guhitamo imbuto gusa, ahubwo binarinda ibyatsi. gutera imiti itaziguye, kandi irashobora kuzamura ubwiza bwimitako yo gutera strawberry.

Sisitemu yo gufata amakarita

(2) ibara ry'umuhondo rigenda.Umuhondo wimukanwa wimukanwa wakozwe muburyo bwihariye, ni ukuvuga, inkingi ihagaritse kumanika imbaho ​​z'umuhondo nubururu irasudwa kuri trapode, ishobora gushyirwa muburyo bwa parike kandi ishobora kwimurwa igihe icyo aricyo cyose.

(3) Ikinyabiziga kirinda ibinyabiziga.Iyi modoka irashobora kuba ifite ibikoresho byo gukingira ibihingwa, ni ukuvuga imashini itwara ibinyabiziga, ishobora gukora ibikorwa byo kurinda ibimera idafite abayikorera mu nzu ukurikije inzira yateguwe na mudasobwa, ishobora kurengera ubuzima bw’abakora parike.

ibikoresho byo kurinda ibimera

Sisitemu yo gutanga intungamubiri no kuhira imyaka

Sisitemu yintungamubiri yo gutanga no kuhira uyu mushinga igabanijwemo ibice 3: kimwe nigice cyo gutegura amazi meza;icya kabiri ni uburyo bwo kuhira no gusama;icya gatatu ni sisitemu yo gutunganya amazi yo guhinga strawberry.Ibikoresho byo gutegura amazi meza hamwe na sisitemu yo gukemura intungamubiri hamwe hamwe bita umuyobozi wo kuhira, naho ibikoresho byo gutanga no gusubiza amazi mubihingwa byitwa ibikoresho byo kuhira.

Sisitemu yo gutanga intungamubiri no kuhira imyaka

Kuhira imbere

Ibikoresho byo gutegura amazi meza bigomba kuba bifite ibikoresho byungurura umucanga na kaburimbo kugirango bikureho umucanga, nibikoresho byoroshya amazi kugirango bikuremo umunyu.Amazi meza yungurujwe kandi yoroshye abikwa mubigega byo kubikamo nyuma.

Ibikoresho byo kuboneza intungamubiri muri rusange birimo ibigega bitatu byibanze byifumbire ya A na B, hamwe na tank ya aside yo guhindura pH, hamwe nuruvange rwifumbire.Mugihe cyo gukora, igisubizo cyibigega mu bigega A, B na acide byashyizweho kandi bivangwa ugereranije n’imashini y’ifumbire ukurikije formulaire yashizweho kugirango bibe igisubizo cyintungamubiri mbisi, kandi igisubizo cyintungamubiri mbisi cyagenwe nimashini ifumbire kibikwa mububiko ikigega cyo kubika igisubizo kugirango gihagarare.

Ibikoresho byo gutegura intungamubiri

Gutanga amazi no gusubiza gahunda yo gutera strawberry

Uburyo bwo gutanga amazi no kugarura ibihingwa byangiza ibyatsi bifata uburyo bwo gutanga amazi hamwe no kugaruka kumpera yumurima.Kubera ko ahantu ho guhinga hifashishijwe uburyo bwo guterura no kumanika, uburyo bubiri bukoreshwa mugutanga amazi no gusubiza imiyoboro yo guhinga: imwe ni umuyoboro uhamye;ikindi ni umuyoboro woroshye uzamuka ukamanuka hamwe nubuhinzi.Mu gihe cyo kuhira no gufumbira, amazi ava mu kigega cy’amazi meza hamwe n’ikigega kibitse cy’amazi yoherejwe mu mazi n’ifumbire mvaruganda yo kuvanga ukurikije igipimo cyagenwe (uburyo bworoshye bushobora gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda, nka Venturi , etc. icyuma cyoroshye cya reberi kiyobora amazi yo kuhira kuva mumiyoboro nyamukuru itanga amazi kugeza kumpera ya buri gihingwa cyo guhinga, hanyuma ugahuza umuyoboro wogutanga amazi yashizwe mumurima.Imiyoboro y'amazi itanga amazi mumwanya wo guhinga itunganijwe muburebure bwahantu ho guhinga, kandi munzira, imiyoboro itonyanga irahuzwa hakurikijwe aho inkono ihingwa ihagaze, kandi intungamubiri zijugunywa muburyo bwo guhinga. inkono inyuze mu miyoboro itonyanga.Umuti wintungamubiri urenze usohoka muri substrate ujugunywa mumurima wubuhinzi unyuze mu mwobo wamazi uri munsi yinkono yo guhinga hanyuma ukusanyirizwa mu mwobo wamazi hepfo yumurima.Hindura uburebure bwo kwishyiriraho ahantu ho guhinga kugirango ube urujya n'uruza ruva kumurongo umwe ujya kurundi.Ahantu hahanamye, kuvomera amazi byakusanyirijwe munsi yikibanza amaherezo bizakusanyiriza kumpera yikibanza.Gufungura byateguwe kumpera yikibanza cyo guhinga kugirango gihuze ikigega gihuza amazi yagarutse, kandi umuyoboro wogusubiza amazi uhujwe munsi yikigega cyo gukusanya, hanyuma amazi yakusanyirijwe hamwe arangije gukusanywa hanyuma asohorwa mumazi yagarutse.

Uburyo bwo kuhira no gutanga amazi

Gukoresha amazi yo kugaruka

Iyi parike yo kuhira imyaka ntishobora gukoresha uburyo bwo kuzenguruka bwa sisitemu yo gutunganya ibyatsi, ahubwo ikusanya amazi yo kugaruka avuye ahantu hateye strawberry hanyuma ikayikoresha muguhinga imboga zumurimbo.Ahantu ho guhinga hameze nkubuhinzi bwa strawberry bushyirwa kurukuta enye rwa pariki ya pariki, kandi ahantu ho guhinga huzuyemo insimburangingo yo guhinga imboga zisharira.Amazi agaruka ya strawberry yuhira neza muri izo mboga zumurimbo, akoresha amazi meza mububiko bwo kuhira buri munsi.Byongeye kandi, gutanga amazi no gusubiza imiyoboro yo guhinga byahujwe hamwe muburyo bwo gutanga amazi no kugaruka.Uburyo bwo kuhira bwamazi bwakoreshejwe ahantu ho guhinga.Mugihe cyo gutanga amazi, hafunguwe valve yumuyoboro wogutanga amazi harafungurwa na valve yumuyoboro ugaruka.Umuyoboro wa pipine urafunzwe kandi imiyoboro ya drain irakinguye.Ubu buryo bwo kuhira bukiza imiyoboro y’amazi yo kuhira hamwe n’imiyoboro mito yo guhinga, ikiza ishoramari, kandi ahanini nta ngaruka igira ku musaruro w’imboga zisharira.

Gukura imboga zumurimbo Ukoresheje kugaruka Amazi

Pariki n'ibikoresho bifasha

Pariki yatumijwe muri Koreya yepfo yuzuye muri 2017. Uburebure bwayo ni 47m, ubugari ni 23m, hamwe n'ubuso bwa m 1081² .Uburebure bwa pariki ni 7m, ikigobe ni 3m, uburebure bwa eva ni 4.5m, naho uburebure bwimisozi ni 6.4m, hamwe nibice 3 byose hamwe 15.Mu rwego rwo kuzamura ubushyuhe bw’amashyanyarazi, hashyizweho umuhanda wa metero 1 z'ubugari bw’ubushyuhe bwa parike, kandi hateguwe umwenda wo mu nzu wubatswe kabiri.Mugihe cyo guhindura imiterere, inyuguti zitambitse hejuru yinkingi hagati yumurambararo wa parike yambere yasimbujwe ibiti bya truss.

Imiterere ya parike

Ivugurura rya sisitemu yubushyuhe bwa parike igumana igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu yo kubika amashyuza hejuru yinzu no kurukuta hamwe nubushyuhe bwimbere bwimbere.Ariko, nyuma yimyaka 3 ikora, urushundura rwigicucu rwumwimerere rwashaje kandi rwangiritse.Mu kuvugurura pariki, imyenda yose yo gukumira yaravuguruwe kandi isimbuzwa imyenda yo mu bwoko bwa acrylic pamba, yoroheje kandi ikozwe neza cyane, ikorerwa mu gihugu.Uhereye kubikorwa nyirizina, ingingo zuzuzanya hagati yumwenda ukingiriza igisenge, igitereko cyo gukingira urukuta hamwe nigitanda cyo hejuru yinzu, kandi sisitemu yose yo gufunga irafunze cyane.

Sisitemu yo kubika parike

Kugirango hamenyekane urumuri rusabwa kugirango imikurire ikure, hiyongereyeho urumuri rwiyongera mugusana pariki.Umucyo winyongera ukoresha ingaruka yibinyabuzima LED yamurika, buri LED ikura urumuri rufite imbaraga za 50 W, tegura inkingi 2 kuri buri mwanya.Umwanya wa buri tara ryinkingi ni 3m.Imbaraga zumucyo zose hamwe ni 4.5 kW, zihwanye na 4.61 W / m² kuri buri gace.Uburemere bwurumuri rwa 1m burashobora kugera kuri lx zirenga 2000.

Mugihe kimwe cyo gushiraho amatara yinyongera ya plnat, umurongo wa UVB lghts nawo ushyirwa kuri buri mwanya ufite intera ya m 2, zikoreshwa cyane cyane mukwanduza ikirere kidasanzwe muri parike.Imbaraga z'umucyo umwe UVB ni 40 W, naho ingufu zose zashyizweho ni 4.36 kW, bihwanye na 4.47 W / m² kuri buri gace.

Sisitemu yo gushyushya parike ikoresha ingufu zisukuye zangiza ibidukikije zikomoka kumashanyarazi, zohereza umwuka ushyushye muri parike binyuze mumashanyarazi.Imbaraga zose za pompe yubushyuhe bwo mu kirere muri parike ni 210kW, naho ibice 38 byabafana bahanahana ubushyuhe bikwirakwizwa mucyumba.Ubushyuhe bwa buri mufana ni 5.5kw, bushobora gutuma ubushyuhe bwikirere buri muri parike iri hejuru ya 5 ℃ munsi yubushyuhe bwo hanze bwa -15 day kumunsi wubukonje bukabije i Beijing, bityo bigatuma umusaruro wibyatsi uba muri parike.

Mu rwego rwo kwemeza ko ubushyuhe bw’ikirere hamwe n’ubushuhe buri muri pariki ndetse no gukora ingendo zimwe mu kirere mu nzu, pariki nayo ifite ibyuma bifata umuyaga utambitse.Abafana bazenguruka batunganijwe hagati ya parike ya parike hamwe na metero 18, kandi imbaraga zumufana umwe ni 0,12 kWt.

Greenhouse ishyigikira ibikoresho byo kugenzura ibidukikije

Ibisobanuro byatanzwe:

Changji Zhou, Hongbo, Li, He Zheng, nibindiDr. Zhou yagenzuye Shilingi (ijana na makumyabiri na gatandatu) yo gutembera mu bwoko bwa strawberry hanger hamwe nibikoresho bifasha ibikoresho [J].Ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi, 2022.42 (7): 36-42.