Umwanditsi: Changji Zhou, Hongbo Li, nibindi

Inkomoko y'Ingingo: Ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi bw'ubuhinzi bw'imboga n'imbuto mu bidukikije

Aha niho hakorerwa igerageza ry’Ikigo cy’Ubumenyi bw’Ubuhinzi mu Karere ka Haidian, ndetse n’Imurikagurisha ry’Ubuhinzi n’Ubumenyi bw’Ikoranabuhanga rya Haidian. Mu 2017, umwanditsi yayoboye igikorwa cyo gutangiza ububiko bw’ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi buturuka muri Koreya y’Epfo. Kuri ubu, Umuyobozi Zheng yabuhinduye ububiko bw’ibikoresho bya strawberry buhuza ikoranabuhanga, gusura no gutoragura, imyidagaduro n’imyidagaduro. Byitwa "5G Cloud Strawberry", kandi nzajyana namwe kubibonera hamwe.

Gutera imboga za sitroberi n'uburyo zikoreshwa mu gusana

Uburyo bwo guterura no kumanika shelegi y'ibishyimbo

Uburyo bwo guhinga n'uburyo bwo guhinga

Ahantu ho guhinga hahuzwa amazi n'amazi yo mu mazi ari hepfo y'aho guhinga, kandi inkombe izamuka hagati y'ubuso bwo hasi bw'aho guhinga mu cyerekezo kirekire (kuva imbere mu mwanya wo guhinga, hakorwa umuyoboro wo hasi hepfo). Amazi nyamukuru ajyana aho guhinga ashyirwa muri uyu mwobo wo hasi, kandi amazi ava mu buryo bwo guhinga na yo akusanywa muri uyu mwobo mu buryo bumwe, hanyuma agasohorwa mu mpera imwe y'aho guhinga.

Ibyiza byo gutera inkeri hakoreshejwe inkono yo guhinga ni uko hasi mu nkono yo guhinga hatandukanijwe n'ubuso bwo hasi bw'aho guhinga, kandi nta muyoboro munini w'amazi uzakorwa mu gice cyo hasi cy'aho amazi azanyura, kandi umwuka wose w'aho amazi azanyura uzarushaho guhumeka; Bizakwirakwira hamwe n'amazi yo kuhira; icya gatatu, nta gusohoka kw'amazi kuzabaho iyo aho amazi azanyura hashyizwe mu nkono yo guhinga, kandi aho amazi azanyura hazaba heza kandi heza muri rusange. Ingorane z'ubu buryo ahanini ni uko kuhira no gutera inkono yo guhinga byongera ishoramari mu bwubatsi bw'ibikoresho.

Imiterere n'inkono bihingwa

Sisitemu yo kumanika no guterura inkingi z'ubuhinzi

Uburyo bwo kumanika no guterura ku gikoresho cyo guhinga ni bumwe n’ubwo mu gikoresho gisanzwe cyo guhinga imyumbati. Igikoresho cyo kumanika ku gikoresho cyo guhinga kizenguruka agace ko guhinga, kandi kigahuza agakoresho ko kumanika n’uruziga rwo gusubira inyuma n’akabuto k’indabyo gashobora guhindurwa (gakoreshwa mu guhindura uburebure bw’agace ko guhinga). Ku gice cyo hasi, impera y’urundi ruhande ihambiriye ku ruziga rufatanye n’agace ko gukurura moteri.

Uburyo bwo kumanika shefu y'ubuhinzi

Hashingiwe kuri sisitemu rusange yo guhambira ahantu hose, kugira ngo hahuzwe n'ibikenewe by'imiterere yihariye y'ahantu ho guhinga ndetse n'ibikenewe byo kwerekana ahantu nyaburanga, hari ibikoresho byihariye n'ibikoresho byakozwe hano mu buryo bugezweho.

(1) Agakoresho ko gupakira ububiko bw'ubuhinzi. Agakoresho ko kumanika k'agakoresho ko guhinga ubwa mbere ni agakoresho gafunganye, gakorwa no gupfunyika no gusudira insinga y'icyuma. Igice cya buri gice cy'agakoresho ko kumanika ni kimwe, kandi imiterere ya mekanike irahuye; Igice cyo hasi cy'agakoresho nacyo gifata uburyo bwo kuzunguruka bujyanye nacyo; icya gatatu ni ukuzunguza hagati y'agakoresho mu nguni idasanzwe, kandi agakoresho ko hejuru gafatanwa neza aho gapfundikiye, ibyo ntibituma gusa hagati y'uburemere bw'agakoresho ko guhinga gakomera, ahubwo ntibinagire impinduka mu ruhande, kandi binatuma agakoresho gafatanwa neza kandi ntikameneke cyangwa ngo gasenyuke.

Igipfunyika cyo guhinga

(2) Umugozi wo kumanikaho. Hashingiwe kuri sisitemu isanzwe yo kumanikaho, hashyirwaho indi sisitemu yo kumanikaho umutekano buri metero 6 ku burebure bw'umwanya wo guhingaho. Ibisabwa kuri sisitemu yo kumanikaho umutekano ni, mbere na mbere, gukorana na sisitemu yo kumanikaho imodoka; icya kabiri, kugira ubushobozi buhagije bwo gutwara. Kugira ngo ibisabwa byavuzwe haruguru bigerweho, hakozwe kandi hatoranywa sisitemu yo kumanikaho ibikoresho byo kumanikaho impera kugira ngo ikureho umugozi wo kumanikaho umwanya wo guhingaho. Imashini ihunika impera ishyirwa hamwe n'umugozi wo kumanikaho, kandi imanikwa kandi igashyirwa ku gice cyo hasi cy'igiti cy'ubushyuhe.

Sisitemu y'inyongera yo guhagarika umutekano

Ibikoresho by'inyongera mu gukora agasanduku k'ubuhinzi

(1) Sisitemu yo gushushanya ibimera. Sisitemu yo gushushanya ibimera ivugwa hano igizwe ahanini n'ibice bibiri: agasanduku k'ikarita y'ibimera n'umugozi w'ifeza w'amabara. Muri byo, agasanduku k'ikarita y'ibimera ni ihuriro rigizwe n'ikarita ipfundikiye ifite ishusho ya U kandi isanzwe hamwe n'ikarita ifite ishusho ya U ifite inkoni ebyiri. Igice cyo hasi n'igice cyo hasi cy'ikarita ipfundikiye ifite ishusho ya U bihuye n'ibipimo byo hanze by'umwanya wo guhinga, kandi bikazenguruka umwanya wo guhinga uhereye hasi; nyuma y'uko amashami yayo abiri arenze aho umwanya wo guhinga ufunguye, kora uruziga kugira ngo uhuze inkoni ebyiri, kandi inagira uruhare mu kugabanya ubwinshi bw'umwanya wo guhinga; ni uruziga ruto rufite ishusho ya U rurerure ruzamuka, rukoreshwa mu gufunga umugozi wo gutandukanya amababi y'imbuto z'inkeri; igice cyo hejuru cy'ikarita ifite ishusho ya U ni uruziga rufite ishusho ya W rwo gushushanya amashami y'inkeri n'amababi yo gukurura umugozi. Ikarita ipfundikiye ifite ishusho ya U n'inkoni ifite ishusho ebyiri zose zikozwe n'insinga y'icyuma ipfundikiye.

Umugozi wo gutandukanya amababi y'imbuto ukoreshwa mu gukusanya amashami n'amababi y'inkeri mu bugari bw'aho ihingwa, no kumanika imbuto z'inkeri hanze y'aho ihingwa, ibyo bikaba byoroshye gusa mu gusoroma imbuto, ahubwo binarinda inkeri gutera umuti w'amazi mu buryo butaziguye, kandi bishobora kunoza ubwiza bw'imitako yo gutera inkeri.

Sisitemu yo gushyira amakarita ku bimera

(2) agasanduku k'umuhondo kagenda. Agasanduku k'umuhondo kagendanwa kagenewe by'umwihariko, ni ukuvuga ko inkingi ihagaze yo kumanikaho imbaho ​​z'umuhondo n'ubururu ihambiriwe ku mpande eshatu, ishobora gushyirwa ku butaka bw'ubusitani kandi ishobora kwimurwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose.

(3) Ikinyabiziga kirinda uruganda cyikorera. Iki kinyabiziga gishobora gushyirwaho imashini irinda uruganda, ni ukuvuga imashini ikoresha imashini ikoresha imashini, ishobora gukora ibikorwa byo kurinda uruganda nta muntu uyikoresha mu nzu hakurikijwe inzira yateguwe na mudasobwa, ishobora kurinda ubuzima bw'abakoresha imashini zirinda ubudahangarwa bw'ubutaka.

ibikoresho byo kurinda ibimera

Sisitemu yo gutanga intungamubiri no kuhira

Uburyo bwo gutanga no kuhira intungamubiri muri uyu mushinga bugabanyijemo ibice bitatu: kimwe ni igice cyo gutegura amazi meza; icya kabiri ni uburyo bwo kuhira no gufumbira intungamubiri; icya gatatu ni uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha amazi mu buhinzi bw'intungamubiri. Ibikoresho byo gutegura amazi meza n'uburyo bwo gutanga intungamubiri byose byitwa umutwe w'amazi yo kuhira, naho ibikoresho byo gutanga no gusubiza amazi mu myaka byitwa ibikoresho byo kuhira.

Sisitemu yo gutanga intungamubiri no kuhira

Imbere y'izuba

Ibikoresho byo gutegura amazi meza muri rusange bigomba gushyirwamo ibyuma biyungurura umucanga n'amabuye kugira ngo bikureho umucanga, n'ibikoresho byo koroshya amazi kugira ngo bikureho umunyu. Amazi meza ayunguruye kandi yoroshye abikwa mu kigega cyo kubikamo amazi kugira ngo azakoreshwe nyuma.

Ibikoresho byo gutunganya umuti w’intungamubiri muri rusange birimo ibigega bitatu by’ibikoresho fatizo byo gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda A na B, n’ikigega cya aside cyo guhindura pH, hamwe n’itsinda ry’abavanga ifumbire. Mu gihe cyo gukora, umuti w’intungamubiri uri mu bigega A, B n’ikigega cya aside ushyirwaho kandi ukavangwa hakurikijwe uburyo bwashyizweho kugira ngo habeho umuti w’intungamubiri mbisi, kandi umuti w’intungamubiri mbisi washyizweho n’imashini ifumbire ubikwa mu kigega cyo kubika umuti w’intungamubiri mbisi kugira ngo ukomeze gukoreshwa.

Ibikoresho byo gutegura umuti w'intungamubiri

Uburyo bwo gutanga amazi n'uburyo bwo kugarura amazi mu gutera sitroberi

Uburyo bwo gutanga amazi no kugarura amazi mu gutera inkeri bukoresha uburyo bwo gutanga amazi mu buryo buhuriweho no kugarura amazi ku mpera imwe y'aho guhinga. Kubera ko aho guhinga hakoresha uburyo bwo guterura no kumanika, hakoreshwa imiterere ibiri ku miyoboro y'amazi n'aho kugarura amazi mu mwanya w'aho guhinga: umwe ni umuyoboro ukomeye udahinduka; undi ni umuyoboro woroshye uzamuka umanuka n'aho guhinga. Mu gihe cyo kuhira no gufumbira, amazi ava mu kigega cy'amazi gisukuye n'ikigega kibika amazi yoherezwa mu mashini ivanze n'amazi n'ifumbire kugira ngo bivangwe hakurikijwe igipimo cyashyizweho (uburyo bworoshye bushobora gukoresha icyuma gikoresha ifumbire, nka Venturi, nibindi, gishobora gukoreshwa cyangwa kidakoreshejwe imbaraga) hanyuma kigashyirwa hejuru y'aho guhinga kinyuzwa mu muyoboro mukuru w'amazi (umuyoboro mukuru w'amazi ushyirwa ku gisenge cy'ubutaka ku ruhande rw'aho guhinga), kandi umuyoboro woroshye w'ingufu uyobora amazi yo kuhira kuva mu muyoboro mukuru w'amazi kugeza ku mpera ya buri gikoresho cyo guhinga, hanyuma ugahuzwa n'umuyoboro w'ishami ry'amazi washyizwe mu mwanya w'aho guhinga. Imiyoboro y'amazi iri mu mwanya w'ubuhinzi ishyirwa ku burebure bw'umwanya w'ubuhinzi, kandi mu nzira, imiyoboro y'amazi ihuzwa hakurikijwe aho ubuhinzi buherereye, kandi intungamubiri zijugunywa mu gice cy'umuyoboro w'ubuhinzi binyuze mu miyoboro y'amazi. Umuti w'intungamubiri urenze urugero uva mu gice cy'ubutaka unyuzwa mu mwobo w'ubuhinzi unyuze mu mwobo w'amazi uri hepfo y'umuyoboro w'amazi hanyuma uhurizwa mu mwobo w'amazi uri hepfo y'umwanya w'ubuhinzi. Hindura uburebure bw'aho ubuhinzi bushyirwa kugira ngo habeho amazi ahoraho ava ku mpera imwe ujya ku yindi. Ku misozi ihanamye, amazi agarura amazi ava hasi y'umuyoboro azagera ku mpera y'umuyoboro. Hashyizweho umwobo ku mpera y'umwanya w'ubuhinzi kugira ngo hubakwe ikigega gihuza amazi agarura amazi, hanyuma umuyoboro w'amazi ugarura amazi uhuzwa munsi y'ikigega gikusanya amazi, hanyuma amazi agarura amazi akusanywa agashyirwa mu kigega gisubiza amazi.

Sisitemu yo kuhira no kugarura amazi mu buryo bwo kuhira

Gukoresha amazi agarura

Iyi ruhushya yo kuhira ibiti mu buryo bwo kuhira ntabwo ikoresha uburyo bwo kuzenguruka bufunze bw’uburyo bwo gukora sitroberi, ahubwo ikusanya amazi agaruka mu mwanya wo gutera sitroberi hanyuma ikawukoresha mu gutera imboga z’imitako. Urwego rumwe rudahinduka nk’urwo guhinga sitroberi rushyirwa ku nkuta enye z’uruziga, kandi aho guhinga huzuyemo ubutaka bwo guhinga imboga z’imitako. Amazi agaruka mu ruhushya yo kuhira sitroberi anyuzwa muri izi mboga z’imitako, agakoresha amazi meza mu gikoresho cyo kubikamo kugira ngo anyurwe buri munsi. Byongeye kandi, imiyoboro y’amazi n’iy’imiyoboro y’aho guhinga bihurizwa hamwe mu buryo bumwe mu miterere y’imiyoboro y’amazi n’iy’imitako. Uburyo bwo kuhira bukoreshwa mu mwanya wo guhinga. Mu gihe cyo gutanga amazi, valve y’umuyoboro w’amazi irafungurwa kandi valve y’umuyoboro w’amazi irafungwa. Valve y’umuyoboro irafungwa kandi valve y’imiyoboro irafunguye. Ubu buryo bwo kuhira buzigama imiyoboro y’amazi n’imiyoboro mito mu mwanya wo guhinga, buzigama ishoramari, kandi nta ngaruka bigira ku musaruro w’imboga z’imitako.

Guhinga imboga z'imitako hakoreshejwe amazi agaruka

Inzu itunganya ikirere n'ibikoresho biyifasha

Iyi greenhouse yatumijwe muri Koreya y'Epfo yose mu 2017. Uburebure bwayo ni metero 47, ubugari bwayo ni metero 23, ifite ubuso bwa metero 1081.² . Ubugari bw'ubusitani ni metero 7, ikigobe ni metero 3, uburebure bw'inkuta ni metero 4.5, n'uburebure bw'inkombe ni metero 6.4, hamwe n'ubugari butatu n'ubugari 15. Kugira ngo hongerwe ubushyuhe bw'ubusitani, hashyizweho inzira y'ubushyuhe ya metero 1 ikikije ubusitani, kandi hakozwe umwenda wo mu nzu ufite ubushyuhe bubiri. Mu gihe cyo guhindura imiterere, imigozi itambitse hejuru y'inkingi hagati y'ubugari bw'ubusitani bwa mbere yasimbuwe n'imitako y'inkingi.

Inyubako y'inzu ikoreshwa mu gukamura ikirere

Kuvugurura sisitemu yo gukingira ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka bikomeza imiterere y'umwimerere y'isitemu yo gukingira ubushyuhe bw'igisenge n'urukuta hamwe n'ubushyuhe bubiri bw'imbere. Ariko, nyuma y'imyaka 3 ikora, urushundura rw'umwimerere rwo gukingira ubushyuhe rwari rwarashaje igice kandi rwangiritse. Mu kuvugurura iyi sitemu yo gukingira ubushyuhe, amarido yose yo gukingira ubushyuhe yavuguruwe maze asimburwa n'amarido yo gukingira ubushyuhe y'ipamba ya acrylic, yoroshye kandi ashyushye cyane, akorerwa mu rugo. Kuva mu bikorwa nyabyo, ingingo zihurira hagati y'amarido yo gukingira ubushyuhe bw'igisenge, igitambaro cyo gukingira ubushyuhe bw'igisenge n'igitambaro cyo gukingira ubushyuhe bw'igisenge bihurirana, kandi sisitemu yose yo gukingira ubushyuhe irafunze neza.

Sisitemu yo Gukingira Ibidukikije mu Gihe cy'Izuba

Kugira ngo habeho ibisabwa kugira ngo ibihingwa bikure neza, hongeweho uburyo bw'urumuri rw'inyongera mu kuvugurura greenhouse. Urwo rumuri rw'inyongera rukoresha uburyo bw'urumuri rwa LED, buri rumuri rwa LED rufite imbaraga za wati 50, rushyireho inkingi 2 kuri buri gice. Umwanya wa buri rumuri rw'inkingi ni metero 3. Ingufu zose z'urumuri ni 4.5 kW, bingana na 4.61 W/m² kuri buri gice. Uburebure bw'urumuri bwa metero 1 bushobora kugera kuri 2000 lx.

Mu gihe kimwe cyo gushyiraho amatara y’inyongera ya plnat, umurongo w’urumuri rwa UVB nawo ushyirwa kuri buri gice gifite intera ya metero 2, zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusukura umwuka mu buryo butunguranye mu busitani. Ingufu z’urumuri rumwe rwa UVB ni 40 W, kandi ingufu zose zashyizweho ni 4.36 kW, bingana na 4.47 W/m² kuri buri gice.

Sisitemu yo gushyushya ibidukikije ikoresha pompe ishyushya ikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku bidukikije, yohereza umwuka ushyushye mu ruganda binyuze mu cyuma gihindura ubushyuhe. Ingufu zose za pompe ishyushya ikirere mu ruganda ni 210kW, kandi units 38 z'abafana bahindura ubushyuhe zirakwirakwira mu cyumba kimwe. Ubushyuhe bwa buri mufana ni 5.5kw, bishobora kwemeza ubushyuhe bw'ikirere mu ruganda buri hejuru ya 5℃ munsi y'ubushyuhe bwo hanze bwa -15℃ ku munsi ukonje cyane i Beijing, bityo bikagaragaza umusaruro mwiza w'ibishyimbo mu ruganda.

Kugira ngo ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe by'umwuka bibe bimwe mu byumba by'ubusitani no kugira ngo umwuka ugende neza imbere mu nzu, urugo rw'ubusitani rufite umufana uzenguruka umwuka utambitse. Umufana uzenguruka ushyizwe hagati mu byumba by'ubusitani ufite intera ya metero 18, kandi imbaraga z'umufana umwe ni 0.12 kW.

Inzu ifasha ibikoresho byo kugenzura ibidukikije

Amakuru yerekeye incamake:

Changji Zhou, Hongbo, Li, He Zheng, nibindiDr. Zhou yagenzuye icyuma giterura imboga cya Shiling (Ijana na Makumi abiri na gatandatu) gikoreshwa mu gukurura imboga n'ibindi bikoresho [J]. Ikoranabuhanga mu by'Ubuhinzi, 2022,42 (7):36-42.