Chen Tongqiang, nibindi.

Kugenzura neza rhosikori EC na pH nibisabwa kugirango umuntu agere ku musaruro mwinshi winyanya muburyo bwumuco utagira ubutaka muri parike yubwenge yikirahure.Muri iyi ngingo, inyanya zafashwe nkikintu cyo gutera, kandi incamake ikwiye ya rhizosifike EC na pH mu byiciro bitandukanye byavuzwe mu ncamake, hamwe n’ingamba zijyanye na tekiniki zo kugenzura mu gihe zidasanzwe, kugira ngo zitange ibisobanuro ku musaruro nyirizina wo gutera muri pariki gakondo.

Dukurikije imibare ituzuye, ubuso bwahinzweho ibirahuri byinshi bifite ibirahuri bifite ubwenge mu Bushinwa bigeze kuri 630hm2, kandi biracyaguka.Ikirahuri kibisi gihuza ibikoresho nibikoresho bitandukanye, bigakora ibidukikije bikwiye kugirango bikure.Kugenzura neza ibidukikije, kuhira neza amazi n’ifumbire, gukora neza ubuhinzi no kurinda ibihingwa ni ibintu bine byingenzi bigera ku musaruro mwinshi no ku nyanya nziza.Kubijyanye no kuhira neza, intego yacyo ni ukubungabunga imvubu ikwiye EC, pH, amazi yubutaka hamwe nubutaka bwa ioni.Rhizosifike nziza EC na pH bihaza iterambere ryimizi no kwinjiza amazi nifumbire, nicyo gisabwa nkenerwa mugukomeza gukura kw'ibimera, fotosintezeza, transpiration hamwe nindi myitwarire ya metabolike.Kubwibyo, kubungabunga ibidukikije byiza bya rhosikori nikintu gikenewe kugirango umusaruro ushimishije.

Kutagenzura EC na pH muri rhosikori bizagira ingaruka zidasubirwaho kuburinganire bwamazi, iterambere ryumuzi, kwinjiza imizi-ifumbire mvaruganda-ibura ryintungamubiri, imizi ya ion yibanze-ifumbire-ifumbire mvaruganda nibindi.Gutera inyanya no kubyaza umusaruro ibirahuri byakira umuco utagira ubutaka.Amazi n'ifumbire bimaze kuvangwa, gutanga amazi hamwe nifumbire bigerwaho muburyo bwo guta imyambi.EC, pH, inshuro, formula, ingano yo kugaruka kwamazi no kuhira igihe cyo gutangira kuhira bizagira ingaruka kuri rhosikori EC na pH.Muri iyi ngingo, havuzwe incamake ikwiye ya rhosikori EC na pH muri buri cyiciro cyo gutera inyanya, hanasesengurwa ibitera rhizosifike idasanzwe EC na pH hanyuma hasubirwamo ingamba zo gukosora, zitanga ibisobanuro hamwe na tekiniki byerekana umusaruro nyawo w’ibirahure gakondo pariki.

Rhizosifike ikwiye EC na pH mubyiciro bitandukanye byo gukura kwinyanya

Rhizosifike EC igaragarira cyane cyane muri ion yibanze yibintu nyamukuru muri rhosikori.Ifumbire yo kubara ifatika ni uko igiteranyo cyamafaranga ya anion na cation yagabanijwe na 20, kandi agaciro kangana, niko rhizosikori EC.Rhizosifike ikwiye EC izatanga ibintu bikwiye kandi bimwe ion yibanze kuri sisitemu ya mizi.

Muri rusange, agaciro kayo ni gake (rhizosiporo EC <2.0mS / cm).Kubera umuvuduko ukabije w'uturemangingo tw'imizi, bizatuma abantu benshi basaba amazi mu mizi, bikavamo amazi menshi mu bimera, kandi amazi arenze urugero azakoreshwa mu gucira amababi, kurambura ingirabuzimafatizo-gukura ku busa;Agaciro kayo kari muruhande rwo hejuru (rhizosifike EC> 8 ~ 10mS / cm, rhizosifike yo mu cyi EC> 5 ~ 7mS / cm).Hamwe no kwiyongera kwa rhizosifike EC, ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amazi mu mizi ntibihagije, ibyo bigatuma habaho ikibazo cyo kubura amazi y’ibimera, kandi mu bihe bikomeye, ibimera bizuma (Ishusho 1).Muri icyo gihe, guhatana hagati yamababi n'imbuto kumazi bizatuma igabanuka ryamazi yimbuto, bizagira ingaruka kumusaruro nubwiza bwimbuto.Iyo rhizosifike EC yiyongereye ku buryo bugereranije na 0 ~ 2mS / cm, igira ingaruka nziza zo kugenzura iyongerekana ryisukari yibishishwa / ibishishwa bikomeye byimbuto, ihinduka ryimikurire yibimera hamwe nuburinganire bwimyororokere, bityo abahinzi b'inyanya ninde gukurikirana ubuziranenge akenshi ufata rhizosire yo hejuru EC.Byagaragaye ko isukari ishonga ya combre yashizwemo yari hejuru cyane ugereranije n’ubugenzuzi mu gihe cyo kuhira amazi meza (3g / L y’amazi yihitiyemo yakozwe na NaCl: MgSO4: CaSO4 ya 2: 2: 1 yariyongereye kubisubizo byintungamubiri).Ibiranga inyanya ya 'Honey' yo mu Buholandi ni uko igumana rhizosifike EC (8 ~ 10mS / cm) mu gihe cyose cy’umusaruro, kandi imbuto zikaba zifite isukari nyinshi, ariko umusaruro w’imbuto urangiye ni muto (5kg / m2).

Rhizosiporo pH (idafite aho ihuriye) yerekeza cyane cyane kuri pH yumuti wa rhosikori, bigira ingaruka cyane cyane kumvura no gusenyuka kwa buri kintu ion mumazi, hanyuma bikagira ingaruka kumikorere ya buri ion yakirwa na sisitemu yumuzi.Kubintu byinshi ion, urugero rwiza rwa pH ni 5.5 ~ 6.5, rushobora kwemeza ko buri ion ishobora kwinjizwa na sisitemu yumuzi bisanzwe.Kubwibyo, mugihe cyo gutera inyanya, rhizosiporo pH igomba guhora ibungabunzwe kuri 5.5 ~ 6.5.Imbonerahamwe 1 irerekana urwego rwa rhizosifike EC na pH kugenzura mubyiciro bitandukanye byo gukura kwinyanya nini-mbuto.Ku nyanya ntoya-imbuto, nk'inyanya za cheri, rhosikori EC mu byiciro bitandukanye ni 0 ~ 1mS / cm hejuru y'inyanya nini-mbuto, ariko zose zahinduwe ukurikije icyerekezo kimwe.

Impamvu zidasanzwe hamwe ningamba zo guhindura inyanya rhizosikori EC

Rhizosphere EC bivuga EC yumuti wintungamubiri ukikije sisitemu yumuzi.Iyo ubwoya bw'inyanya bwatewe mu Buholandi, abahinzi bazakoresha syringes kugirango banywe intungamubiri ziva mu bwoya bw'urutare, kandi ibisubizo birahagarariwe.Mubihe bisanzwe, kugaruka EC byegereye rhizosifike EC, kubwibyo icyitegererezo cyo kugaruka EC ikoreshwa nka rhosikori EC mubushinwa.Itandukaniro rya buri munsi rya rhosikori EC muri rusange irazamuka nyuma yizuba rirashe, igatangira kugabanuka kandi igakomeza guhagarara neza mugihe cyo kuhira, kandi ikazamuka buhoro buhoro nyuma yo kuhira, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2.

Impamvu nyamukuru zo kugaruka kwinshi EC nigipimo gito cyo kugaruka, inlet ya EC nyinshi no kuhira imyaka.Amafaranga yo kuhira kumunsi umwe ni make, byerekana ko igipimo cyo kugaruka cyamazi ari gito.Intego yo kugaruka kwamazi nugukaraba neza substrate, kwemeza ko rhosikori EC, ibirimo amazi yubutaka hamwe nubutumburuke bwa ion ya rhizosiferi biri murwego rusanzwe, kandi igipimo cyo kugaruka cyamazi kiri hasi, kandi sisitemu yumuzi ikurura amazi menshi kuruta ion yibanze, ibyo bikaba byerekana kwiyongera kwa EC.Inlet yo hejuru EC iganisha muburyo butaziguye EC.Ukurikije amategeko yintoki, kugaruka EC ni 0.5 ~ 1.5ms / cm hejuru ya EC yinjira.Kuvomera bwa nyuma byarangiye mbere yuwo munsi, kandi ubukana bwurumuri bwari hejuru (300 ~ 450W / m2) nyuma yo kuhira.Kubera guhinduranya ibimera biterwa nimirasire, sisitemu yumuzi yakomeje kunyunyuza amazi, amazi ya substrate yagabanutse, intumbero ya ion yiyongera, hanyuma rhosikori EC yiyongera.Iyo rhosikori EC iri hejuru, ubukana bwimirasire iba myinshi, nubushuhe buri hasi, ibimera bihura nihungabana ryamazi, bigaragarira cyane nkukamye (Ishusho 1, iburyo).

EC nkeya muri rhosikori ahanini iterwa nigipimo kinini cyo kugaruka kwamazi, kurangiza gutinda kuhira, hamwe na EC nkeya mumazi yinjira, bizamura ikibazo.Igipimo kinini cyo kugaruka cyamazi kizaganisha ku ntera itagira umupaka hagati ya EC yinjira na EC.Iyo kuhira birangiye bitinze, cyane cyane muminsi yibicu, bifatanije numucyo muke nubushuhe bwinshi, guhinduranya ibimera birakomeye, igipimo cyo kwinjiza ion yibanze kiri hejuru y’amazi, kandi igabanuka ryikigereranyo cyamazi ya matrix kiri munsi yibyo ya ion kwibanda mubisubizo, bizaganisha kuri EC yo hasi yo kugaruka.Kuberako umuvuduko wo kubyimba uturemangingo twumusatsi wibimera uri munsi yubushobozi bwamazi yumuti wintungamubiri wa rhizosiporo, sisitemu yumuzi ikurura amazi menshi kandi uburinganire bwamazi ntiburinganiza.Iyo transpiration idakomeye, igihingwa kizasohoka muburyo bwamazi acira (ishusho 1, ibumoso), kandi niba ubushyuhe buri hejuru nijoro, igihingwa kizakura kubusa.

Ingamba zo guhindura mugihe rhizosifike EC idasanzwe: ① Iyo kugaruka EC ari hejuru, EC yinjira igomba kuba murwego rushimishije.Mubisanzwe, EC yinjira yinyanya nini yimbuto ni 2,5 ~ 3.5mS / cm mugihe cyizuba na 3.5 ~ 4.0mS / cm mugihe cy'itumba.Icya kabiri, kunoza igipimo cyo kugaruka kwamazi, kibanziriza kuhira inshuro nyinshi saa sita, kandi urebe ko kugaruka kwamazi bibaho buri kuhira.Igipimo cyo kugaruka cyamazi gifitanye isano neza no gukwirakwiza imirasire.Mu mpeshyi, iyo ubukana bwimirasire bukiri hejuru ya 450 W / m2 kandi igihe kirenze 30 min, amazi yo kuhira (50 ~ 100mL / igitonyanga) agomba kongerwaho intoki rimwe, kandi nibyiza ko ntamazi ugaruka Bibaho.② Iyo igipimo cyo kugaruka cyamazi ari gito, impamvu nyamukuru nigipimo kinini cyo kugaruka kwamazi, EC nkeya no gutinda kuvomera.Urebye igihe cyo kuhira cya nyuma, kuhira kwanyuma mubisanzwe birangira 2 ~ 5h mbere yuko izuba rirenga, bikarangira muminsi yibicu nimbeho mbere yigihe giteganijwe, no gutinda muminsi yizuba nizuba.Igenzura igipimo cyo kugaruka, ukurikije imirasire yo hanze.Mubisanzwe, igipimo cyo kugaruka cyamazi kiri munsi ya 10% mugihe ikwirakwizwa ryimirasire iri munsi ya 500J / (cm2.d), na 10% ~ 20% mugihe imirasire yumuriro ari 500 ~ 1000J / (cm2.d), nibindi. .

Impamvu zidasanzwe hamwe ningamba zo guhindura inyanya rhizosiporo pH

Mubisanzwe, pH yabakomeye ni 5.5 naho pH ya leachate ni 5.5 ~ 6.5 mubihe byiza.Ibintu bigira ingaruka kuri rhosikori pH ni formula, umuco wo hagati, igipimo cyamazi, ubwiza bwamazi nibindi.Iyo rhosikori pH iri hasi, izatwika imizi kandi ishongeshe matrike yubwoya bwamabuye, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3. Iyo rhizosiporo pH iri hejuru, kwinjiza Mn2 +, Fe 3+, Mg2 + na PO4 3- bizagabanuka. , bizaganisha ku kwibura kw'ibintu, nko kubura manganese biterwa na rhizosifike pH nyinshi, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 4.

Ku bijyanye n’amazi meza, amazi yimvura na RO membrane yungurura amazi ni acide, naho pH yinzoga yababyeyi muri rusange ni 3 ~ 4, biganisha kuri pH nkeya yinzoga zinjira.Potasiyumu hydroxide na potasiyumu bicarbonate ikoreshwa muguhindura pH yinzoga zinjira.Nibyiza amazi n'amazi yo mubutaka akenshi bigengwa na aside nitric na aside fosifori kuko irimo HCO3-ari alkaline.Inlet idasanzwe pH izagira ingaruka itaziguye kugaruka pH, bityo inlet ikwiye pH niyo shingiro ryamabwiriza.Naho ibihingwa byo guhinga, nyuma yo gutera, pH yamazi yagarutse ya cocout bran substrate yegereye iy'amazi yinjira, kandi pH idasanzwe yamazi yinjira ntabwo bizatera ihindagurika rikabije rya rhosikori pH mugihe gito kubera imitungo myiza ya buffering ya substrate.Munsi yo guhinga ubwoya bwamabuye, pH agaciro kamazi yo kugaruka nyuma yo gukoronizwa ni menshi kandi bimara igihe kirekire.

Kubijyanye na formula, ukurikije ubushobozi butandukanye bwo kwinjiza ion kubihingwa, birashobora kugabanywamo umunyu wa acide physiologique hamwe nu munyu wa alkaline physiologique.Dufashe NO3- nkurugero, mugihe ibimera byinjije 1mol ya NO3-, sisitemu yumuzi izarekura 1mol ya OH-, bizatuma kwiyongera kwa rhizosifike pH, mugihe iyo sisitemu yumuzi yakiriye NH4 +, izarekura intumbero imwe ya H +, bizaganisha ku kugabanuka kwa rhosikori pH.Kubwibyo, nitrate ni umunyu wibanze wumubiri, mugihe umunyu wa amonium numunyu wa acide physiologique.Muri rusange, potasiyumu sulfate, nitrate ya calcium ammonium na sulfate ya amonium ni ifumbire ya acide physiologique, nitrat ya potasiyumu na nitrate ya calcium ni imyunyu ngugu ya alkaline, na nitrate ya amonium ni umunyu utabogamye.Ingaruka yumuvuduko ukabije wamazi kuri rhizosifike pH igaragarira cyane cyane muguhindura intungamubiri zintungamubiri za rhizosiporo, kandi rhizosifike idasanzwe pH iterwa nuburinganire bwa ion butaringaniye muri rhosikori.

Ingamba zo guhindura mugihe rhizosiporo pH idasanzwe: ① Icya mbere, reba niba pH yingirakamaro iri murwego rushimishije;.Nyuma yisesengura, impamvu ishoboka nuko pH yariyongereye kubera buffer ya HCO3-, bityo rero birasabwa gukoresha aside nitricike nkigenzura mugihe ukoresheje amazi meza nkisoko yo kuhira;.Muri iki gihe, pH yumuti winjira igomba kugabanuka kuburyo bukwiye kugera kuri 5.2 ~ 5.5, kandi mugihe kimwe, hagomba kongerwa urugero rwumunyu wa acide physiologique, na nitrate ya calcium ammonium nitrati aho kuba nitrate ya calcium na potasiyumu sulfate igomba gukoreshwa mu mwanya wa nitrate ya potasiyumu.Twabibutsa ko dosiye ya NH4 + itagomba kurenga 1/10 cya N yose hamwe.Kurugero, mugihe igiteranyo cya N cyose (NO3- + NH4 +) mubigaragaramo ari 20mmol / L, NH4 + yibanze munsi ya 2mmol / L, kandi sulfate ya potasiyumu irashobora gukoreshwa aho kuba nitrate ya potasiyumu, ariko twakagombye kumenya ko the kwibanda kuri SO4^2-mu kuhira imyaka ntibisabwa kurenza 6 ~ 8 mmol / L;. umunyu wa aside, bityo umubare wuhira ugomba kongerwa kugirango uhindure rhosikori pH kurwego rushimishije vuba bishoboka.

Incamake

Ikigereranyo cyiza cya rhizosifike EC na pH nicyo kintu cyerekana ko amazi n'ifumbire byinjira mu mizi y'inyanya.Indangagaciro zidasanzwe ziganisha ku kubura intungamubiri ziterwa n’ibimera, kutaringaniza kuringaniza amazi (ikibazo cyo kubura amazi / amazi arenze urugero), gutwika imizi (EC nyinshi na pH nkeya) nibindi bibazo.Kubera gutinda kw'ibimera bidasanzwe biterwa na rhizosifike idasanzwe EC na pH, ikibazo nikimara kubaho, bivuze ko rhizosifike idasanzwe EC na pH bimaze iminsi myinshi, kandi inzira yibimera isubira mubisanzwe bizatwara igihe, bigira ingaruka muburyo butaziguye kuri ibisohoka n'ubwiza.Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kumenya EC na pH byamazi yinjira kandi yagarutse buri munsi.

IHEREZO

Chen Tongqiang, Xu Fengjiao, Ma Tiemin, n'ibindi.Ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi, 2022.42 (31): 17-20.