Inkomoko y'umwimerere: Houcheng Liu.Imiterere yiterambere hamwe ninganda za LED inganda zimurika [J] .Ikinyamakuru cya Illumination Engineering, 2018,29 (04): 8-9.
Ingingo Inkomoko: Ibikoresho Iyo Byimbitse

Umucyo nicyo kintu cyibanze cyibidukikije cyo gukura no gutera imbere.Umucyo ntabwo utanga gusa imbaraga zo gukura kw'ibimera binyuze muri fotosintezeza, ariko kandi ni ningirakamaro mugukuza ibimera niterambere.Umucyo wongeyeho cyangwa urumuri rwuzuye rushobora guteza imbere imikurire yibihingwa, kongera umusaruro, kunoza imiterere yibicuruzwa, ibara, kuzamura ibice bikora, no kugabanya indwara nudukoko.Uyu munsi, nzabagezaho uko iterambere ryifashe ninganda zinganda zimurika.
Ikoranabuhanga ryumucyo utanga ibikoresho birakoreshwa cyane murwego rwo kumurika ibimera.LED ifite ibyiza byinshi nkumucyo mwinshi, kubyara ubushyuhe buke, ubunini buto, kuramba nibindi byiza byinshi.Ifite ibyiza bigaragara murwego rwo gukura kumurika.Gukura inganda zimurika bizagenda buhoro buhoro bifata amatara ya LED yo guhinga ibihingwa.

A.Iterambere ryiterambere rya LED rikura inganda 

1.LED yamashanyarazi yo gukura kumurika

Mu rwego rwo gukura urumuri rwa LED ipakira, hari ubwoko bwinshi bwibikoresho bipakira, kandi nta sisitemu yo gupima no gusuzuma ihuriweho.Kubwibyo, ugereranije nibicuruzwa byo murugo, abanyenganda bo mumahanga bibanda cyane cyane kububasha bukomeye, cob na module icyerekezo, hitawe kumurongo wera wumucyo wera wumucyo ukura, urebye hamwe nibiranga imikurire yikimera hamwe n’ibidukikije bimurika, bifite ibyiza bya tekiniki mu kwizerwa, mu mucyo imikorere, imishwarara ya fotosintetike yibiranga ibihingwa bitandukanye muburyo butandukanye bwo gukura, harimo ubwoko butandukanye bwingufu nyinshi, ingufu ziciriritse hamwe ningufu nkeya zinganda zinganda zitandukanye, kugirango bikemure ibihingwa bitandukanye mubidukikije bitandukanye bikura, biteze kubigeraho intego yo kwagura ibihingwa no kuzigama ingufu.

Umubare munini wibanze kuri chip epitaxial wafers uracyari mumaboko yamasosiyete akomeye nka Nichia yu Buyapani na Career y'Abanyamerika.Abakora chip mu gihugu baracyafite ibicuruzwa byemewe hamwe no guhangana ku isoko.Muri icyo gihe, ibigo byinshi nabyo biteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rishya mu rwego rwo gukura ibyuma bipakira amatara.Kurugero, tekinoroji ya firime ya Osram yoroheje ituma chip zipakirwa hamwe kugirango habeho ubuso bunini bwo kumurika.Hashingiwe kuri iri koranabuhanga, sisitemu yo kumurika cyane LED ifite uburebure bwa 660nm irashobora kugabanya 40% byingufu zikoreshwa mukarere kahingwamo.

2. Gukura urumuri n'ibikoresho
Ikirangantego cyo kumurika ibimera kiragoye kandi kiratandukanye.Ibimera bitandukanye bifite itandukaniro rinini mubisabwa bisabwa muburyo butandukanye bwo gukura ndetse no mubidukikije bitandukanye.Kugirango uhuze ibyo ukenera bitandukanye, kuri ubu hariho gahunda zikurikira mu nganda: mesImikorere myinshi ya monochromatic urumuri rwo guhuza.Ibintu bitatu byingenzi byerekana amafoto yibihingwa ni cyane cyane urwego rufite impinga ya 450nm na 660nm, umurongo wa 730nm wo gutera indabyo, hiyongereyeho urumuri rwatsi rwa 525nm hamwe na ultraviolet iri munsi ya 380nm.Huza ubu bwoko bwa spekure ukurikije ibikenerwa bitandukanye byibimera kugirango ukore ibintu byiza cyane.Gahunda yuzuye ya spekiteri kugirango igere ku buryo bwuzuye bwo gukenera ibihingwa.Ubu bwoko bwa spekiteri ihuye na chip ya SUNLIKE ihagarariwe na Seoul Semiconductor na Samsung ntibishobora kuba byiza cyane, ariko birakwiriye kubimera byose, kandi ikiguzi kiri hasi cyane ugereranije nibisubizo byumucyo umwe.Se Koresha urumuri rwuzuye-rumuri rwera nkibanze, wongeyeho 660nm itara ritukura nka gahunda yo guhuza kugirango utezimbere imikorere.Iyi gahunda irakomeye mubukungu kandi ifatika.

Ibihingwa bikura amatara ya monochromatic LED chip (uburebure bukuru ni 450nm, 660nm, 730nm) ibikoresho bipakira bipfundikirwa namasosiyete menshi yo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga, mugihe ibicuruzwa byo murugo bitandukanye cyane kandi bifite ibisobanuro byinshi, kandi ibicuruzwa by’abakora mu mahanga birasanzwe.Muri icyo gihe, kubijyanye na fotosintetike ya foton flux, imikorere yumucyo, nibindi, haracyari icyuho kinini hagati yabakora ibicuruzwa bipfunyika murugo no mumahanga.Kubikoresho byo kumurika ibimera bipima urumuri rwa monochromatique, usibye ibicuruzwa bifite imirongo minini yumurambararo wa 450nm, 660nm, na 730nm, abayikora benshi nabo barimo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bishya mubindi bice byumuraba kugirango bamenye neza ko imirasire ikora (PAR) uburebure bw'umuraba (450-730nm).

Amatara yo gukura ya Monochromatic LED ntabwo akwiranye no gukura kwibimera byose.Kubwibyo, ibyiza bya LED-byuzuye byerekanwe.Ikirangantego cyuzuye kigomba kubanza kugera kumurongo wuzuye wumucyo ugaragara (400-700nm), no kongera imikorere yaya matsinda yombi: itara ry'ubururu-icyatsi kibisi (470-510nm), itara ritukura cyane (660-700nm).Koresha ubururu busanzwe bwa LED cyangwa ultraviolet LED chip hamwe na fosifore kugirango ugere kumurongo "wuzuye", kandi imikorere ya fotosintetike ifite uburyo bwo hejuru kandi buke.Benshi mubakora ibimera bimurika LED ibikoresho bipfunyika bakoresha chip yubururu + fosifore kugirango bagere kumurongo wuzuye.Usibye uburyo bwo gupakira urumuri rwa monochromatique nu rumuri rwubururu cyangwa ultraviolet chip wongeyeho fosifore kugirango umenye urumuri rwera, ibikoresho byo gupakira ibimera nabyo bifite uburyo bwo gupakira ibintu bikoresha ibyuma bibiri cyangwa byinshi birebire byumuraba, nkumutuku icumi wubururu / ultraviolet, RGB, RGBW.Ubu buryo bwo gupakira bufite ibyiza byinshi mu gucana.

Kubyerekeranye nibicuruzwa bigufi bya LED ibicuruzwa, abatanga ibicuruzwa byinshi barashobora guha abakiriya ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byumurongo wa 365-740nm.Kubyerekeranye no kumurika ibimera byahinduwe na fosifore, abakora ibicuruzwa byinshi bapakira bafite ibintu bitandukanye kubakiriya bahitamo.Ugereranije na 2016, umuvuduko wacyo wo kugurisha muri 2017 umaze kwiyongera cyane.Muri byo, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bwa 660nm LED itanga urumuri rwibanze kuri 20% -50%, naho umuvuduko w’igurisha ry’uruganda rwahinduwe na fosifori LED urumuri rugera kuri 50% -200%, ni ukuvuga kugurisha ibihingwa byahinduwe na fosifore. LED itanga urumuri rukura vuba.

Ibigo byose bipakira birashobora gutanga 0.2-0.9 W na 1-3 W ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bipakira.Inkomoko yumucyo ituma abakora amatara bagira ihinduka ryiza mugushushanya.Mubyongeyeho, bamwe mubakora ibicuruzwa nabo batanga imbaraga zo murwego rwo hejuru rwo gupakira ibicuruzwa.Kugeza ubu, ibice birenga 80% byoherezwa mu nganda nyinshi ni 0.2-0.9 W cyangwa 1-3 W. Muri byo, ibyoherezwa mu masosiyete mpuzamahanga apakira ibicuruzwa byibanda kuri 1-3 W, mu gihe ibyoherezwa mu bito n'ibiciriritse- amasosiyete manini apakira yibanda kuri 0.2-0.9 W.

3.Imbaraga zo gukoresha ibimera bikura

Kuva murwego rwo kubishyira mu bikorwa, ibiti bikura byamatara bikoreshwa cyane cyane mumatara ya parike, inganda zose zikora amatara yubukorikori, umuco wibihingwa, amatara yo guhinga hanze, imboga zo murugo no gutera indabyo, nubushakashatsi bwa laboratoire.

①Mu pariki yizuba hamwe nicyatsi kibisi kinini, igipimo cyumucyo wubukorikori kumatara yinyongera kiracyari gito, kandi amatara ya halide yamatara hamwe namatara ya sodium yumuvuduko mwinshi nibyo byingenzi.Igipimo cyo kwinjira muri LED ikura sisitemu yo kumurika ni mike, ariko umuvuduko wo gukura utangira kwihuta uko ibiciro bigabanuka.Impamvu nyamukuru nuko abakoresha bafite uburambe bwigihe kirekire bwo gukoresha amatara ya halide yamatara hamwe namatara ya sodium yumuvuduko mwinshi, no gukoresha amatara ya halide yamatara hamwe namatara ya sodium yumuvuduko mwinshi birashobora gutanga hafi 6% kugeza 8% yingufu zubushyuhe kuri pariki mugihe wirinze gutwika ibimera.Sisitemu yo gukura ya LED ntabwo yatanze amabwiriza yihariye kandi yingirakamaro hamwe ninkunga yamakuru, yatinze kuyikoresha kumanywa na pariki nyinshi.Kugeza ubu, ntoya-yerekana imyiyerekano iracyari ishingiro.Nkuko LED ari isoko yumucyo ukonje, irashobora kuba hafi yikimera cyibimera, bigatuma ubushyuhe buke bugabanuka.Ku manywa na parike nyinshi, LED ikura cyane ikoreshwa muguhinga hagati y’ibimera.

②Ibikorwa byo guhinga hanze.Kwinjira no gukoresha amatara y’ibimera mu buhinzi bw’ibikorwa byagiye bitinda cyane, mu gihe ikoreshwa rya sisitemu yo kumurika ibimera bya LED (kugenzura Photoperiod) ku bihingwa byo hanze bimaze iminsi bifite agaciro gakomeye mu bukungu (nk'imbuto z'ikiyoka) byageze ku iterambere ryihuse.

Inganda zikora.Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwihuta kandi bukoreshwa cyane mu gucana ibimera ni uruganda rukora ibimera byose byoroheje, bigabanijwemo ibice byinshi bikomatanyirijwe hamwe kandi bigakwirakwizwa n’inganda zimuka byimuka ku byiciro.Iterambere ryinganda zikora ibihingwa byoroheje mubushinwa birihuta cyane.Urwego nyamukuru rwishoramari rwuruganda rukomatanyirijwe hamwe rugizwe ninganda zose zubukorikori ntabwo arirwo ruganda rukora ubuhinzi, ahubwo ni amasosiyete menshi akora ibikorwa bya semiconductor nibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki, nka Zhongke San'an, Foxconn, Panasonic Suzhou, Jingdong, ndetse na COFCO na Xi Cui hamwe nandi masosiyete mashya yubuhinzi agezweho.Mu nganda zikwirakwizwa kandi zigendanwa, ibicuruzwa byoherejwe (kontineri nshya cyangwa kongera kubaka ibikoresho bya kabiri) biracyakoreshwa nkabatwara bisanzwe.Sisitemu yo kumurika ibimera byose byubukorikori ahanini ikoresha umurongo cyangwa umurongo utondekanya urumuri, kandi umubare wubwoko bwatewe ukomeje kwiyongera.Inzira zitandukanye zigerageza urumuri LED zitanga urumuri rwatangiye gukoreshwa cyane kandi zikoreshwa cyane.Ibicuruzwa ku isoko ahanini ni imboga rwatsi.

Gutera ibihingwa byo murugo.LED irashobora gukoreshwa mumatara yameza yibihingwa murugo, ibiti byo gutera urugo, imashini zikura imboga murugo, nibindi.

Guhinga ibihingwa bivura.Guhinga ibihingwa bivura birimo ibimera nka Anoectochilus na Lithospermum.Ibicuruzwa muri aya masoko bifite agaciro k’ubukungu kandi kuri ubu ni inganda zifite porogaramu nyinshi zo kumurika ibihingwa.Byongeye kandi, kwemererwa guhinga urumogi muri Amerika ya Ruguru ndetse no mu bice by’Uburayi byateje imbere ikoreshwa ry’urumuri rwa LED mu rwego rwo guhinga urumogi.

Amatara.Nka gikoresho cyingirakamaro muguhindura igihe cyururabyo rwindabyo muruganda rwo guhinga indabyo, ikoreshwa rya mbere ryamatara yindabyo ni amatara yaka, agakurikirwa namatara azigama ingufu za fluorescent.Hamwe niterambere ryinganda za LED, ibikoresho byinshi byo mu bwoko bwa LED byo kumurika indabyo byasimbuye buhoro buhoro amatara gakondo.

Umuco wumubiri.Umuco wa tissue gakondo urumuri rwumucyo ahanini ni amatara yera ya fluorescent, afite ubushobozi buke bwo kumurika no kubyara ubushyuhe bunini.LED irakwiriye cyane kubikorwa byumuco wibihingwa bikora neza, bigenzurwa kandi byoroheje bitewe nibintu byihariye bigaragara nko gukoresha ingufu nke, kubyara ubushyuhe buke no kuramba.Kugeza ubu, imiyoboro yera ya LED igenda isimbuza buhoro buhoro amatara yera ya fluorescent.

4. Ikwirakwizwa ryakarere ryamasosiyete akura

Dukurikije imibare, muri iki gihe mu gihugu cyanjye hari amasosiyete arenga 300 akura amatara akura, kandi akura amasosiyete akora amatara mu gace ka Pearl River Delta angana na 50%, kandi asanzwe ari mu mwanya ukomeye.Gukura ibigo bitanga amatara muri Yangtze River Delta bingana na 30%, kandi biracyari agace gakomeye ko kongera ibicuruzwa bimurika.Isosiyete ikora amatara gakondo ikwirakwizwa cyane cyane mu mugezi wa Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta na Bohai Rim, muri yo Delta ya Delta ya Yangtze igera kuri 53%, naho Pearl River Delta na Bohai Rim bingana na 24% na 22%. .Ahantu henshi hakwirakwizwa LED ikura yamashanyarazi ni Pearl River Delta (62%), Delta ya River Yangtze (20%) na Bohai Rim (12%).

B. Iterambere rya LED rikura inganda zimurika

1. Umwihariko

LED ikura ryamatara rifite ibiranga ibintu bishobora guhinduka hamwe nubushyuhe bwumucyo, kubyara ubushyuhe buke muri rusange, hamwe n’imikorere myiza y’amazi, bityo rero birakwiriye gukura amatara ahantu hatandukanye.Muri icyo gihe kandi, impinduka z’ibidukikije ndetse n’uko abantu bakurikirana ubuziranenge bw’ibiribwa byateje imbere iterambere ry’ubuhinzi bw’ibikoresho no guteza imbere inganda, kandi bituma LED ikura inganda zimurika mu gihe cy’iterambere ryihuse.Mu bihe biri imbere, urumuri rwa LED ruzagira uruhare runini mu kuzamura umusaruro w’ubuhinzi, kuzamura umutekano w’ibiribwa, no kuzamura ubwiza bw’imbuto n'imboga.LED itanga isoko yo gukura kumurika bizarushaho gutera imbere hamwe nu buhanga buhoro buhoro bwinganda kandi bigende mucyerekezo cyerekezo.

2. Gukora neza

Gutezimbere imikorere yumucyo ningufu zingirakamaro nurufunguzo rwo kugabanya cyane ibiciro byo gukora kumurika ibihingwa.Gukoresha LED kugirango bisimbuze amatara gakondo hamwe nogutezimbere no guhindura ibidukikije byumucyo ukurikije amata yumucyo asabwa nibihingwa kuva mugihe cyatewe kugeza igihe cyo gusarura nibyo byanze bikunze byubuhinzi bunoze mugihe kizaza.Mu rwego rwo kuzamura umusaruro, irashobora guhingwa mu byiciro no mu turere hamwe na formula yumucyo ukurikije imiterere yiterambere ryibimera kugirango umusaruro wiyongere kandi utange umusaruro kuri buri cyiciro.Mu rwego rwo kuzamura ireme, kugenzura imirire no kugenzura urumuri birashobora gukoreshwa mu kongera intungamubiri n’ibindi bikoresho byita ku buzima.

Dukurikije ibigereranyo, muri iki gihe igihugu gikenera ingemwe z’imboga ni miliyari 680, mu gihe ubushobozi bwo gutanga ingemwe z’uruganda butarenze 10%.Inganda zingemwe zifite ibidukikije bisabwa cyane.Igihe cy'umusaruro ahanini ni igihe cy'itumba n'itumba.Umucyo usanzwe ufite intege nke kandi urumuri rwinyongera rukenewe.Ibimera bikura kumurika bifite ibyinjira cyane nibisohoka hamwe nurwego rwo hejuru rwo kwakira ibyinjijwe.LED ifite ibyiza byihariye, kubera ko imbuto n'imboga (inyanya, imyumbati, melon, nibindi) bigomba guterwa, kandi uburyo bwihariye bwo kongeramo urumuri mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi burashobora guteza imbere gukira ingemwe zatewe.Ibihingwa byangiza imboga byatsi birashobora kuzuza ibura ryumucyo karemano, kunoza imikorere yifoto yibihingwa, guteza imbere indabyo nimbuto, kongera umusaruro, no kuzamura ubwiza bwibicuruzwa.LED ikura itara rifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoreshwa mu ngemwe z'imboga no kubyara pariki.

3. Ubwenge

Amatara akura yibimera afite icyifuzo gikomeye cyo kugenzura igihe nyacyo cyumucyo nubwinshi bwurumuri.Hamwe nogutezimbere tekinoroji yo kugenzura ubwenge no gukoresha interineti yibintu, ibintu bitandukanye bya monochromatique hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura ubwenge birashobora kumenya kugenzura igihe, kugenzura urumuri, kandi ukurikije uko imikurire ikura, guhinduranya neza ubwiza bwumucyo nibisohoka mumucyo. igomba guhinduka inzira nyamukuru mugutezimbere ejo hazaza h’ikoranabuhanga rikura.