[Incamake] Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho byo gutera mu rugo akenshi bigira igishushanyo mbonera gihuriweho, ibyo bikaba bitera ingorane nyinshi mu kugenda no gupakira no gupakurura. Hashingiwe ku miterere y'aho batuye mu mijyi n'intego yo gushushanya umusaruro w'ibimera by'imiryango, iyi ngingo itanga ubwoko bushya bw'ibikoresho byo gutera mu miryango byateguwe mbere. Iki gikoresho kigizwe n'ibice bine: uburyo bwo gushyigikira, uburyo bwo guhinga, uburyo bwo gukoresha amazi n'ifumbire, na sisitemu y'inyongeramusaruro (akenshi, amatara ya LED akura). Gifite ahantu hato, gikoresha umwanya munini, imiterere mishya, uburyo bworoshye bwo gusenya no guteranya, gihendutse, kandi gishobora gukoreshwa neza. Gishobora guhaza ibyifuzo by'abatuye mu mijyi ku bijyanye na salade yo guteka seleri, imboga zihuse, amashu meza na begonia fimbristipula. Nyuma yo guhindura ingano nto, gishobora no gukoreshwa mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi ku bimera.

Igishushanyo rusange cy'ibikoresho byo guhinga

Amahame y'igishushanyo mbonera

Igikoresho cyo guhinga cyateguwe mbere cyibanda cyane cyane ku batuye mu mijyi. Itsinda ryasuzumye byimazeyo imiterere y'aho batuye mu mijyi. Agace ni gato kandi igipimo cyo gukoresha ahantu ni kinini; imiterere ni mishya kandi ni nziza; biroroshye gusenya no guteranya, byoroshye kandi byoroshye kwiga; bihendutse kandi bifite ubushobozi bwo gushyira mu bikorwa. Aya mahame ane akurikirana inzira yose yo gushushanya, kandi aharanira kugera ku ntego nyamukuru yo guhuza ibidukikije byo mu rugo, imiterere myiza kandi ikwiye, hamwe n'agaciro gahendutse kandi gafatika ko gukoreshwa.

Ibikoresho bizakoreshwa

Urufunguzo rw'inkunga rugurwa mu gicuruzwa cy’isoko gifite uburebure bwa metero 1.5, ubugari bwa metero 0.6, na metero 2.0 z'uburebure. Ibikoresho ni icyuma, gisutsweho imiti kandi kidatwarwa n'ingese, kandi impande enye z'urufunguzo rw'inkunga zisutsweho amapine ya feri; icyuma gikozwe mu migozi gitoranywa kugira ngo gikomeze urufunguzo rw'inkunga rukozwe mu cyuma gifite ubugari bwa mm 2 hamwe n'uburyo bwo kurwanya ingese, ibice bibiri kuri buri urwego. Aho guhinga hakozwe mu muyoboro wa PVC hydroponic square tube ufunguye, cm 10 × cm 10. Ibikoresho ni ikibaho gikomeye cya PVC, gifite ubugari bwa mm 2.4. Umurambararo w'imyobo yo guhinga ni cm 5, kandi intera y'imyobo yo guhinga ni cm 10. Ikigega cy'amazi cyangwa ikigega cy'intungamubiri gikozwe mu gasanduku ka pulasitiki gafite ubugari bwa mm 7, gafite uburebure bwa cm 120, ubugari bwa cm 50, n'uburebure bwa cm 28.

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imiterere y'ibikoresho byo guhinga

Dukurikije igishushanyo mbonera rusange, igikoresho cyo guhinga cyateguwe mbere kigizwe n'ibice bine: uburyo bwo gushyigikira, uburyo bwo guhinga, uburyo bwo gukoresha amazi n'ifumbire, hamwe n'uburyo bwo kongeramo urumuri (akenshi, amatara ya LED). Uburyo imiterere y'uburyo ikwirakwira igaragara ku Ishusho ya 1.

Ishusho ya 1, ikwirakwizwa muri sisitemu rigaragazwa muri.

Igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu y'ubufasha

Uburyo bwo gushyigikira igikoresho cyo guhinga cyateguwe mbere kigizwe n'inkingi ihagaze, igiti n'isahani y'urwego. Inkingi n'igiti bishyirwa mu mwobo w'ikinyugunyugu, byoroshye kubikuraho no guteranya. Inkingi ifite isahani y'urwego rw'urwego rw'imbere. Inguni enye z'urukuta rw'ubuhinzi zihambiriwe n'amapine y'isi yose hamwe na feri kugira ngo byongere ubushobozi bwo kugenda kw'igikoresho cyo guhinga.

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'uburyo bwo guhinga

Ikigega cyo guhinga ni umuyoboro wa kare wa cm 10 × 10 ufite igishushanyo mbonera gifunguye, byoroshye gusukura, kandi gishobora gukoreshwa mu guhinga intungamubiri, guhinga ubutaka cyangwa guhinga ubutaka. Mu guhinga intungamubiri, agaseke ko gutera gashyirwa mu mwobo wo guteramo, maze ingemwe zigashyirwaho siponji ifite imiterere ijyanye nayo. Iyo ubutaka buhinzwe, siponji cyangwa gaze bishyirwa mu myobo ihuza impande zombi z'aho guhinga kugira ngo hirindwe kosi cyangwa ubutaka buzafunga inzira yo kuvoma. Impera zombi z'ikigega cyo guhinga zihuzwa n'uburyo bwo kuzenguruka hakoreshejwe umuyoboro wa rubber ufite umurambararo w'imbere wa mm 30, ibyo bikaba birinda inenge zo gukomera kw'imiterere ziterwa no guhuza kole ya PVC, idatuma habaho kugenda.

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'uburyo bwo kuzenguruka amazi n'ifumbire

Mu buhinzi bw'ibinyabutabire, koresha ipompo ishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo wongeremo umuti w'ibinyabutabire mu gikoresho cyo guhinga cyo ku rwego rwo hejuru, kandi ugenzure icyerekezo cy'umuti w'ibinyabutabire unyuze mu gice cy'imbere cy'umuyoboro wa PVC. Kugira ngo wirinde ko umuti w'ibinyabutabire utembera mu buryo butari bumwe, umuti w'ibinyabutabire uri mu gikoresho cyo guhinga gifite urwego rumwe ukoresha uburyo bwo gutemba bukoresha "imiterere ya S". Kugira ngo wongere ingano ya ogisijeni mu muti w'ibinyabutabire, iyo urwego rwo hasi rw'umuti w'ibinyabutabire rusohotse, hashyirwaho icyuho runaka hagati y'aho amazi asohokera n'urugero rw'amazi mu gikoresho cy'amazi. Mu buhinzi bw'ubutaka cyangwa ubutaka, ikigega cy'amazi gishyirwa ku rwego rwo hejuru, kandi kuhira no gufumbira bikorwa binyuze mu buryo bwo kuhira amazi. Umuyoboro mukuru ni umuyoboro wa PE w'umukara ufite umurambararo wa mm 32 n'ubugari bw'urukuta bwa mm 2.0, kandi umuyoboro w'ishami ni umuyoboro wa PE w'umukara ufite umurambararo wa mm 16 n'ubugari bw'urukuta bwa mm 1.2. Buri muyoboro w'ishami Shyiramo valve yo kugenzura buri muntu ku giti cye. Umwambi wo gutonyanga ukoresha umuyoboro ugororotse urimo umuvuduko, 2 kuri buri mwobo, ushyirwa mu muzi w'igiti mu mwobo wo guhinga. Amazi arenze urugero akusanywa binyuze mu nzira yo gusohora amazi, akayungururwa hanyuma agakoreshwa.

Sisitemu y'inyongera y'urumuri

Iyo igikoresho cyo guhinga gikoreshwa mu gutunganya balkoni, urumuri rusanzwe ruturuka kuri balkoni rushobora gukoreshwa nta rumuri rw'inyongera cyangwa urumuri ruto rw'inyongera. Mu gihe uhinga mu cyumba cyo kubamo, ni ngombwa gukora igishushanyo cy'urumuri rw'inyongera. Urumuri ni urumuri rwa LED rufite uburebure bwa metero 1.2, kandi igihe cy'urumuri kigenzurwa na icyuma gipima igihe cyikora. Igihe cy'urumuri gishyirwa ku masaha 14, naho igihe cy'urumuri kidahinduka ni amasaha 10. Hari amatara 4 ya LED muri buri cyiciro, ashyirwa hasi ku gice cy'urwego. Imiyoboro ine ku gice kimwe ihujwe mu buryo bukurikiranye, kandi ibice bihujwe mu buryo bungana. Hakurikijwe ibyo ibimera bitandukanye bisaba kugira urumuri, urumuri rwa LED rufite spectrum zitandukanye rurashobora gutoranywa.

Guteranya Ibikoresho

Igikoresho cyo guhinga mu rugo cyateguwe mbere kirimo imiterere yoroshye (Ishusho ya 2) kandi uburyo bwo guteranya ni bworoshye. Mu ntambwe ya mbere, nyuma yo kumenya uburebure bwa buri cyiciro hakurikijwe uburebure bw'ibihingwa bihingwa, shyiramo umuyoboro mu mwobo w'ikinyugunyugu cy'inkingi ihagaze kugira ngo hubakwe igishishwa cy'igikoresho; mu ntambwe ya kabiri, shyira umuyoboro w'urumuri rwa LED ku rubavu rwo gushimangira inyuma y'urwego, hanyuma ushyire urwego mu mwobo w'imbere w'urumuri rw'ifatizo ry'ubuhinzi; intambwe ya gatatu, umuyoboro w'ubuhinzi n'uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amazi n'ifumbire bihujwe n'umuyoboro wa rubber; intambwe ya kane, shyiramo umuyoboro wa LED, shyiramo igihe cyikora, hanyuma ushyiremo ikigega cy'amazi; intambwe ya gatanu yo gukemura ikibazo, shyiramo amazi mu kigega cy'amazi Nyuma yo guhindura umutwe wa pompe n'amazi, reba uburyo amazi n'ifumbire bikora n'aho ikigega gitera amazi gihurira, fungura kandi urebe uburyo amatara ya LED akorana n'uko imikorere yacyo ikora.

Ishusho ya 2, igishushanyo rusange cy'igikoresho cyo guhinga cyateguwe mbere

Gushyira mu bikorwa no gusuzuma

Porogaramu yo guhinga

Mu 2019, igikoresho kizakoreshwa mu buhinzi bw'imboga zo mu nzu nk'amashu, amashu y'Abashinwa, na seleri (Ishusho ya 3). Mu 2020, hashingiwe ku incamake y'uburambe bwo guhinga bwabanje, itsinda ry'umushinga ryateguye ubuhinzi bw'imboga zikomoka ku bimera bifitanye isano n'ibiribwa n'imiti hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga ryo guhinga intungamubiri rya Begonia fimbristipula hance, byanogeye ingero z'uburyo igikoresho gikoreshwa mu rugo. Mu myaka ibiri ishize yo guhinga no gukoresha, salade n'imboga zihuta zishobora gusarurwa nyuma y'iminsi 25 nyuma yo guhinga ku bushyuhe bwo mu nzu bwa 20-25°C; seleri igomba gukura mu minsi 35-40; Begonia fimbristipula Hance n'amashu y'Abashinwa ni ibimera bihora bimara igihe kirekire bishobora gusarurwa inshuro nyinshi; Begonia fimbristipula ishobora gusarura amashami n'amababi ya cm 10 hejuru mu minsi 35, kandi amashami n'amababi bito bishobora gusarurwa mu minsi 45 yo guhinga amashu. Iyo bisaruwe, umusaruro wa salade n'amashu y'Abashinwa ni garama 100 ~ 150 kuri buri gihingwa; Umusaruro wa seleri yera na seleri itukura kuri buri gihingwa ni 100 ~ 120 g; umusaruro wa Begonia fimbristipula Hance mu isarura rya mbere ni muto, 20-30 g kuri buri gihingwa, kandi hamwe n'amashami yo ku ruhande akomeza kumera, ishobora gusarurwa ku nshuro ya kabiri, hamwe n'igihe cy'iminsi 15 n'umusaruro wa 60-80 g kuri buri gihingwa; umusaruro w'umwobo w'ibiryo bikungahaye ni 50-80 g, usarurwa rimwe mu minsi 25, kandi ushobora gusarurwa buri gihe.

Ishusho ya 3, Imikoreshereze y'igikoresho cyo guhinga cyateguwe mbere

Ingaruka ku ikoreshwa

Nyuma y'umwaka urenga wo gukora no gukoresha, igikoresho gishobora gukoresha neza umwanya w'icyumba ufite imiterere itatu mu buhinzi buciriritse bw'ibihingwa bitandukanye. Imirimo yacyo yo gupakira no gupakurura ni yoroshye kandi yoroshye kwiga, kandi nta mahugurwa y'umwuga akenewe. Mu guhindura uburyo amazi atembera n'amazi atembera, ikibazo cy'amazi atembera cyane n'umuti w'intungamubiri mu gikoresho cyo guhinga gishobora kwirindwa. Imiterere y'igipfundikizo cy'igikoresho cyo guhinga ntibyoroshye gusukura gusa nyuma yo gukoreshwa, ahubwo biroroshye no gusimbuza iyo ibikoresho byangiritse. Igikoresho cyo guhinga gihujwe n'umuyoboro wa rubber wa sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amazi n'ifumbire, ikora imiterere y'igikoresho cyo guhinga n'amazi n'ifumbire, kandi ikirinda ingaruka mbi z'igishushanyo mbonera gikoreshwa mu gikoresho gakondo cya hydroponic. Byongeye kandi, igikoresho gishobora gukoreshwa mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bugenzurwa hiyongereyeho umusaruro w'ibihingwa byo mu rugo. Ntikizigama umwanya wo gupima gusa, ahubwo gihura n'ibisabwa n'ibidukikije byo guhinga, cyane cyane ko imiterere y'ibidukikije bikura imizi ihoraho. Nyuma yo kunoza byoroshye, igikoresho cyo guhinga gishobora kandi kuzuza ibisabwa n'uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura ibidukikije bya rhizosphere, kandi cyakoreshejwe cyane mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi bw'ibimera.

Inkomoko y'ingingo: Konti ya Wechat yaIkoranabuhanga mu by'Ubwubatsi mu Buhinzi (ubuhinzi bw'imboga n'ibimera) 

Ibisobanuro: Wang Fei, Wang Changyi, Shi Jingxuan, n'abandi.Igishushanyo mbonera n'ikoreshwa ry'igikoresho cyo guhinga mu ngo cyateguwe mbere [J]. Ikoranabuhanga mu by'Ubwubatsi mu Buhinzi, 2021,41 (16): 12-15.