Intangiriro

Umucyo ugira uruhare runini mugikorwa cyo gukura kw'ibimera.Nifumbire nziza yo guteza imbere kwinjiza chlorophyll yibihingwa no kwinjiza imico itandukanye yo gukura nka karotene.Nyamara, ikintu gikomeye kigena imikurire y’ibimera ni ibintu byuzuye, ntabwo bifitanye isano n’umucyo gusa, ariko kandi ntibishobora gutandukana n’imiterere y’amazi, ubutaka n’ifumbire, imiterere y’ibidukikije ndetse no kugenzura tekinike.

Mu myaka ibiri cyangwa itatu ishize, hari raporo zidashira zerekeye ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya semiconductor yerekeye inganda z’ibiti bitatu cyangwa imikurire y’ibihingwa.Ariko nyuma yo kuyisoma witonze, burigihe hariho ibyiyumvo bitoroshye.Muri rusange, ntabwo byumvikana neza uruhare urumuri rugomba kugira mu mikurire yikimera.

Ubwa mbere, reka dusobanukirwe nizuba ryizuba, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 1. Birashobora kugaragara ko izuba ryizuba ari umurongo uhoraho, aho ubururu nicyatsi kibisi bikomera kuruta umutuku, kandi urumuri rugaragara rutandukana kuva 380 kugeza 780 nm.Gukura kw'ibinyabuzima muri kamere bifitanye isano n'uburemere bw'imiterere.Kurugero, ibimera byinshi mukarere kegereye ekwateri bikura vuba cyane, kandi mugihe kimwe, ubunini bwikura ryabyo ni binini.Ariko ubukana bwinshi bw'imirasire y'izuba ntabwo buri gihe ari bwiza, kandi hariho urwego runaka rwo guhitamo gukura kw'inyamaswa n'ibimera.

Igishushanyo 1, Ibiranga izuba ryizuba hamwe nurumuri rugaragara

Icya kabiri, igishushanyo cya kabiri cyerekana ibintu byinshi byingenzi byo kwinjiza ibimera bigaragara mu gishushanyo cya 2.

Igishushanyo 2, Absorption spectra ya auxins nyinshi mu mikurire yikimera

Birashobora kugaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2 ko urumuri rwinjiza urumuri rwimfashanyo nyinshi zingenzi zigira ingaruka kumikurire yibihingwa bitandukanye cyane.Kubwibyo, gukoresha amatara yo gukura ya LED ntabwo ari ibintu byoroshye, ariko bigamije cyane.Hano birakenewe kumenyekanisha imyumvire yibintu bibiri byingenzi bikura byamafoto yubukorikori.

Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll nimwe mubintu byingenzi bifitanye isano na fotosintezeza.Ibaho mubinyabuzima byose bishobora gukora fotosintezeza, harimo ibimera byatsi, prokaryotic yubururu-icyatsi kibisi (cyanobacteria) na algae ya eukaryotic.Chlorophyll ikuramo ingufu ziva mu mucyo, hanyuma igakoreshwa mu guhindura dioxyde de carbone muri karubone.

Chlorophyll ikurura cyane itara ritukura, na chlorophyll b ikurura cyane urumuri rwubururu-violet, cyane cyane gutandukanya ibicucu nigiterwa nizuba.Ikigereranyo cya chlorophyll b na chlorophyll a ibihingwa byigicucu ni gito, bityo ibihingwa byigicucu birashobora gukoresha urumuri rwubururu cyane kandi bigahuza no gukura mugicucu.Chlorophyll a ni ubururu-icyatsi, na chlorophyll b ni umuhondo-icyatsi.Hariho ibintu bibiri bikurura chlorophyll a na chlorophyll b, imwe mukarere gatukura ifite uburebure bwa 630-680 nm, naho ubundi mukarere k'ubururu-violet ifite uburebure bwa 400-460 nm.

• Carotenoide

Carotenoide nijambo rusange mubyiciro byingenzi byingenzi, bikunze kuboneka mumuhondo, orange-umutuku cyangwa umutuku utukura mubikoko, ibimera byo hejuru, ibihumyo, na algae.Kugeza ubu, karotenoide zirenga 600 zimaze kuvumburwa.

Kwinjiza urumuri rwa karotenoide bitwikiriye urugero rwa OD303 ~ 505 nm, rutanga ibara ryibiryo kandi bikagira ingaruka kumubiri wibiryo.Muri algae, ibimera, na mikorobe, ibara ryayo bitwikiriwe na chlorophyll kandi ntibishobora kugaragara.Mu ngirabuzimafatizo, karotenoide ntiyabyara gusa no kohereza ingufu zifasha fotosintezeza, ahubwo ifite n'umurimo wo kurinda ingirabuzimafatizo kurimburwa na molekile ya elegitoronike yishimye.

Kudasobanukirwa bimwe

Hatitawe ku ngaruka zo kuzigama ingufu, guhitamo urumuri no guhuza urumuri, itara rya semiconductor ryerekanye ibyiza byinshi.Ariko, duhereye ku iterambere ryihuse ryimyaka ibiri ishize, twabonye kandi kutumvikana kwinshi mugushushanya no gukoresha urumuri, bigaragarira cyane cyane mubice bikurikira.

S Mugihe cyose imituku itukura nubururu yuburebure bwumurongo runaka ihujwe mukigereranyo runaka, irashobora gukoreshwa muguhinga ibihingwa, kurugero, igipimo cyumutuku nubururu ni 4: 1, 6: 1, 9: 1 nibindi ku.

SMu gihe cyose ari urumuri rwera, rushobora gusimbuza urumuri rwizuba, nkumuyoboro wibanze wibanze wa gatatu wera ukoreshwa cyane mubuyapani, nibindi. Gukoresha ibyo bice bigira ingaruka runaka kumikurire yibimera, ariko ingaruka ni ntabwo aribyiza nkisoko yumucyo yakozwe na LED.

S Mugihe cyose PPFD (umucyo wa kwantum flux density), ikintu cyingenzi cyo kumurika, igera kumurongo runaka, kurugero, PPFD irenze 200 μ mol · m-2 · s-1.Ariko, mugihe ukoresheje iki kimenyetso, ugomba kwitondera niba ari igicucu cyangwa igihingwa cyizuba.Ugomba kubaza cyangwa gushaka indishyi zuzuye zumucyo wibi bimera, ari nacyo bita aho indishyi zumucyo.Mubikorwa nyabyo, ingemwe akenshi zirashya cyangwa zumye.Kubwibyo, igishushanyo mbonera kigomba gutegurwa ukurikije ubwoko bwibimera, ibidukikije bikura hamwe nuburyo bimeze.

Kubireba igice cya mbere, nkuko byatangijwe mu ntangiriro, urwego rusabwa kugirango imikurire ikure igomba kuba umurongo uhoraho hamwe nubugari runaka bwo gukwirakwiza.Biragaragara ko bidakwiye gukoresha isoko yumucyo ikozwe mubice bibiri byihariye byumurambararo wumutuku nubururu hamwe nubunini bugufi cyane (nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3 (a)).Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe, byagaragaye ko ibimera bikunda kuba umuhondo, ibiti byamababi byoroshye cyane, kandi ibiti byamababi bikaba bito cyane.

Kubijyanye na fluorescent ifite amabara atatu yibanze akunze gukoreshwa mumyaka yashize, nubwo umweru uhujwe, umutuku, icyatsi, nubururu bitandukanijwe (nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3 (b)), kandi ubugari bwikigereranyo ni bugufi cyane.Ubwinshi bwikurikiranya bwigice gikurikira buracyafite intege nke, kandi imbaraga ziracyari nini ugereranije na LED, inshuro 1.5 kugeza kuri 3 zikoresha ingufu.Kubwibyo, gukoresha ingaruka ntabwo ari byiza nkamatara ya LED.

Igishushanyo cya 3, Umutuku nubururu chip LED itara ryumucyo na bitatu-byibanze byamabara ya fluorescent

PPFD nubucucike bwa kwantumumucyo, bivuze ko urumuri rwumucyo urumuri rwinshi rwumucyo muri fotosintezeza, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza umubare rusange wibintu bito byumucyo wibabi ryibiti byibiti biri mumurambararo wa metero 400 kugeza kuri 700 nm mugihe cyumwanya hamwe nigice cyacyo. .Igice cyacyo ni μE · m-2 · s-1 (μmol · m-2 · s-1).Imirasire ikora ya fotosintezitike (PAR) bivuga imirasire yizuba yose hamwe nuburebure bwumurambararo uri hagati ya 400 na 700 nm.Irashobora kugaragazwa haba na kwanta yoroheje cyangwa nimbaraga zaka.

Mu bihe byashize, ubukana bw'urumuri bugaragazwa na illuminometero bwari umucyo, ariko uburyo bwo gukura kw'ibimera burahinduka kubera uburebure bw'urumuri ruva ku gihingwa, urumuri kandi niba urumuri rushobora kunyura mu mababi.Kubwibyo, ntabwo arukuri gukoresha par nkikimenyetso cyerekana ubukana bwumucyo mukwiga fotosintezeza.

Mubisanzwe, uburyo bwa fotosintezeza bushobora gutangizwa mugihe PPFD yikimera gikunda izuba kinini kuruta 50 μ mol · m-2 · s-1, mugihe PPFD yikimera gicucu ikenera 20 μ mol · m-2 · s-1 .Kubwibyo, mugihe uguze LED ikura amatara, urashobora guhitamo umubare wamatara ya LED ukura ukurikije agaciro kerekana nubwoko bwibiti utera.Kurugero, niba PPFD ya LED lght imwe ari 20 μ mol · m-2 · s-1, amatara arenga 3 LED asabwa kugirango akure ibimera bikunda izuba.

Igishushanyo mbonera cyibisubizo byamatara ya semiconductor

Amatara ya Semiconductor akoreshwa mugukura kw'ibihingwa cyangwa gutera, kandi hariho uburyo bubiri bwibanze.

• Kugeza ubu, icyitegererezo cyo gutera mu nzu kirashyushye cyane mu Bushinwa.Iyi moderi ifite ibintu byinshi biranga:

RoleUruhare rwamatara ya LED nugutanga urumuri rwuzuye rwo kumurika ibimera, kandi sisitemu yo kumurika irasabwa gutanga ingufu zose zumucyo, kandi ikiguzi cyo gukora ni kinini;
Igishushanyo cya LED gikura amatara gikeneye gutekereza ku gukomeza no kuba inyangamugayo;
③Ni ngombwa kugenzura neza igihe cyo gucana nubushyuhe bwo kumurika, nko kureka ibihingwa bikaruhuka amasaha make, ubukana bwa irrasiyo ntibihagije cyangwa bikomeye, nibindi.;
ProcessIbikorwa byose bigomba kwigana ibihe bisabwa n’ibidukikije bikura neza by’ibimera hanze, nkubushuhe, ubushyuhe hamwe nubushuhe bwa CO2.

• Uburyo bwo gutera hanze hamwe na fondasiyo nziza yo guteramo parike.Ibiranga iyi moderi ni:

RoleUruhare rw'amatara ya LED ni ukuzuza urumuri.Imwe muriyo ni ukongera ingufu z'umucyo ahantu h'ubururu n'umutuku munsi yo kurasa kw'izuba ku manywa kugira ngo uteze imbere fotosintezeza y'ibimera, ikindi ni ukwishyura iyo nta zuba ryijoro nijoro kugira ngo iterambere ryiyongere.
LightUmucyo winyongera ukeneye gusuzuma icyiciro cyo gukura igihingwa kirimo, nkigihe cyo gutera cyangwa igihe cyo kumera no kwera.

Kubwibyo, igishushanyo mbonera cya LED gikura amatara kigomba kubanza kugira uburyo bubiri bwibanze, aribwo, 24h kumurika (imbere) hamwe no kumurika ibimera byiyongera (hanze).Kubihingwa byimbere mu nzu, igishushanyo mbonera cya LED gikenera gutekereza kubintu bitatu, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 4. Ntibishoboka gupakira chip hamwe namabara atatu yibanze muburyo runaka.

Igishushanyo 4, Igishushanyo mbonera cyo gukoresha amatara yo mu nzu LED yo kumurika 24h

Kurugero, kumurongo wikiciro cya pepiniyeri, urebye ko ikeneye gushimangira imikurire yimizi nigiti, gushimangira ishami ryamababi, kandi isoko yumucyo ikoreshwa mumazu, urumuri rushobora gushushanywa nkuko bigaragara mumashusho 5.

Igicapo 5, Imiterere ya Spectral ikwiranye nigihe cya pepiniyeri yo mu nzu

Kubishushanyo mbonera cya kabiri cya LED ikura urumuri, igamije ahanini igisubizo cyibishushanyo mbonera cyo kongeramo urumuri kugirango biteze imbere gutera muri parike ya parike yo hanze.Igitekerezo cyo gushushanya cyerekanwe mubishusho 6.

Igishushanyo 6, Gushushanya ibitekerezo byo hanze bikura amatara 

Umwanditsi avuga ko amasosiyete menshi yo gutera akoresha uburyo bwa kabiri bwo gukoresha amatara ya LED kugirango ateze imbere ibihingwa.

Mbere na mbere, Ubushinwa bwo guhinga pariki yo hanze ifite imyaka mirongo nubunini nuburambe butandukanye, haba mumajyepfo no mumajyaruguru.Ifite urufatiro rwiza rwubuhinzi bwo guhinga pariki kandi itanga umubare munini wimbuto n'imboga mbisi kumasoko yimijyi ikikije.By'umwihariko mu rwego rw'ubutaka n'amazi no gutera ifumbire, ubushakashatsi bukomeye bwakozwe.

Icya kabiri, ubu bwoko bwumucyo winyongera burashobora kugabanya cyane gukoresha ingufu bitari ngombwa, kandi mugihe kimwe, bishobora kongera umusaruro wimbuto n'imboga.Byongeye kandi, Ubushinwa bunini bwa geografiya bworoshye cyane kugirango buzamuke.

Nkubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwo kumurika ibimera bya LED, binatanga umusingi mugari wubushakashatsi.Igishushanyo cya 7 ni ubwoko bwa LED bukura bwumucyo bwakozwe niri tsinda ryubushakashatsi, bukwiriye gukura muri pariki, kandi ubunini bwacyo bugaragara ku gishushanyo cya 8.

Igishushanyo 7, Ubwoko bwa LED bukura urumuri

Igishushanyo 8, icyerekezo cyubwoko bwa LED gikura urumuri

Ukurikije ibitekerezo byashizweho haruguru, itsinda ryubushakashatsi ryakoze urukurikirane rwubushakashatsi, kandi ibisubizo byubushakashatsi ni ngombwa cyane.Kurugero, kugirango ukure urumuri mugihe cya pepiniyeri, itara ryumwimerere ryakoreshejwe ni itara rya fluorescent rifite imbaraga za 32 W hamwe ninshuke yincuke yiminsi 40.Dutanga urumuri rwa 12 W LED, rugabanya ingemwe zumunsi kugeza kumunsi 30, zigabanya neza ingaruka zubushyuhe bwamatara mumahugurwa yatewe, kandi bikiza gukoresha ingufu za konderasi.Ubunini, uburebure n'amabara y'ingemwe nibyiza kuruta igisubizo cyambere cyo gutera ingemwe.Ku ngemwe z'imboga zisanzwe, habonetse imyanzuro myiza yo kugenzura, ikaba ikubiye mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira.

Muri byo, itsinda ryumucyo winyongera PPFD: 70-80 μ mol · m-2 · s-1, naho igipimo gitukura-ubururu: 0.6-0.7.Urutonde rwumunsi PPFD yumurwi karemano yari 40 ~ 800 μ mol · m-2 · s-1, naho igipimo cyumutuku nubururu cyari 0,6 ~ 1.2.Birashobora kugaragara ko ibipimo byavuzwe haruguru biruta iby'ingemwe zisanzwe zikuze.

Umwanzuro

Iyi ngingo irerekana iterambere rigezweho mugukoresha LED ikura ryamatara muguhinga ibihingwa, ikanagaragaza kutumvikana mugukoresha LED ikura urumuri muguhinga ibihingwa.Hanyuma, ibitekerezo bya tekiniki na gahunda yo guteza imbere amatara akura ya LED akoreshwa mu guhinga ibihingwa.Twakagombye kwerekana ko hari nibintu bimwe na bimwe bigomba kwitabwaho mugushiraho no gukoresha urumuri, nkintera iri hagati yumucyo nigihingwa, urwego rwimirasire y itara, nuburyo bwo gukoresha urumuri hamwe amazi asanzwe, ifumbire, n'ubutaka.

Umwanditsi: Yi Wang n'abandi.Inkomoko: CNKI