Intangiriro

Umucyo ugira uruhare runini mubikorwa byo gukura kw'ibimera. Nubukorerwa burundu kugirango uteze imbere kwinjiza chlorophyll no kwinjiza imico itandukanye yibihingwa nka Carotene. Ariko, ikintu gikomeye kigena imikurire yibimera nikintu cyuzuye, ntabwo gifitanye isano gusa, ahubwo kijyanye no guhuza amazi, ubutaka n'ifumbire, gukura, kugenzura tekiniki nubugenzuzi bwa tekiniki.

Mu myaka ibiri cyangwa itatu ishize, habaye raporo zidashira ku ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rya Semiconductor ryerekeye ingamba eshatu z'ibimera cyangwa gukura kw'ibimera. Ariko nyuma yo kuyisoma witonze, burigihe hariho ibyiyumvo bitoroshye. Muri rusange, nta gusobanukirwa nukuri kwikigereranyo kigomba gukinira mugutezimbere gutera.

Ubwa mbere, reka dusobanukirwe nizuba, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 1. Birashobora kugaragara ko ibyishimo ari ibintu bikomeza, aho ubururu na Green 380 kugeza 780 nm. Ubwiyongere bwibinyabuzima muri kamere bufitanye isano nuburemere bwa specrum. Kurugero, ibimera byinshi muri kariya gace hafi ya ekwateri bikura byihuse, kandi icyarimwe, ubunini bwo gukura kwabo ni binini. Ariko ubukana bwinshi bwa Irrayisiyo izuba ntabwo aribyiza, kandi hariho urwego runaka rwo guhitamo imikurire yinyamaswa nibimera.

Igishushanyo 1, ibiranga imirasire y'izuba hamwe na Spectrum yoroheje

Icya kabiri, igishushanyo cya kabiri cyihariye cyingenzi cyinjira mubintu byiterambere ryibihingwa byerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 2.

Igishushanyo 2, kwinjiza spectra ya auxins nyinshi mukure bwibihingwa

Birashobora kugaragara kuva ishusho ya 2 ko urumuri rukurura urumuri rwinshi rwingenzi rugira ingaruka kumikurire yibihingwa ziratandukanye cyane. Kubwibyo, gusaba amatara yo gukura kw'amazi ntabwo ari ibintu byoroshye, ariko bibasiwe cyane. Hano birakenewe kumenyekanisha ibitekerezo byamafoto abiri yingenzi ya fotosytheythes.

• chlorophyll

Chlorophyll nimwe mubyingenzi byingenzi bijyanye na fotosintezeza. Irahari mubinyabuzima byose bishobora guteza fotosintezes, harimo ibimera bibisi, prokaryotike ubururu-icyatsi cya algae (cyanobacteria) na egaryotic algae. Chlorophyll akuramo ingufu kumucyo, noneho ikoreshwa muguhindura dioxyde de carbone muri karbohydrates.

Chlorophyll A cyane akurura urumuri rutukura, na Chlorophyll B ahanini akurura urumuri-violet, cyane cyane gutandukanya ibimera byigicucu bivuye ku bimera byizuba. Ikigereranyo cya Chlorophyll b kuri chlorophyll a yigitereko cyibicucu ni gito, bityo ibimera byicucu birashobora gukoresha urumuri rwubururu rwose kandi uhuza no gukura mu gicucu. Chlorophyll a ni ubururu-icyatsi, na chlorophyll b ni umuhondo-icyatsi. Hano haribintu bibiri byingenzi bya chlorophyll a na chlorophyll b, umwe mukarere ka Red hamwe nuburebure bwa 630-680 nm, undi mukarere k'ubururu-viorekanye hamwe nuburebure bwa 400-460 Nm.

• Carotenoide

Carotenoide nijambo rusange ryishuri ryigice rusange cyingenzi, zikunze kuboneka mu muhondo, umutuku-umutuku cyangwa umutuku cyangwa igituba gitukura mu nyamaswa, ibimera byinshi, ibihingwa bihanitse, ibihingwa bihanitse, fungi, na algae. Kugeza ubu, havumbuwe na Carotenoide zirenga 600.

Umucyo winjiza Carotenoide utwikiriye urwego rwa OD303 ~ 505 nm, utanga ibara ryibiryo kandi bikagira ingaruka kumubiri kugirango umubiri wibiribwa. Muri Algae, ibimera, na mikorobe, ibara ryayo ritwikiriwe na chlorophyll kandi ntishobora kugaragara. Mu kagari k'ibimera, karotenoide ntiyabyaye no kwimura ingufu kugirango zifashe fotosinteza, ariko kandi zifite imikorere yo kurinda selile zivamburwa no gushimishwa na molekile ya ogisironi.

Ubwumvikane buke

Tutitaye ku ngaruka zo kuzigama ingufu, guhitamo urumuri no guhuza urumuri, amatara ya semiconductor ye yerekanye ibyiza byinshi. Ariko, kuva mu iterambere ryihuse ryimyaka ibiri ishize, twabonye kandi kutumvikana cyane mugushushanya no gushyira mu bikorwa urumuri, bigaragarira cyane muri ibi bikurikira.

①as igihe cyose chip itukura nubururu yumurongo runaka uhuzwa mubipimo runaka, birashobora gukoreshwa muguhingana, kurugero, igipimo cyumutuku kugeza ubururu ni 4: 1, 6: 1, 9: 1 na kuri.

②s igihe cyose ari urumuri rwera, rushobora gusimbuza urumuri rwizuba rukoreshwa cyane mu Buyapani rufite ingaruka runaka ku mikurire y'ibimera, ariko ingaruka ni ntabwo ari byiza nkuko isoko yoroheje yakozwe nuyobowe.

③as ndende nka ppfd (ubucukuzi bwa quanim ya flum), bikaba ibintu byingenzi byo kumurika, bigera kuri indangagaciro, urugero, PPFD irenze 200 μmol · m-2 · s-1. Ariko, mugihe ukoresheje iki cyerekezo, ugomba kwitondera niba ari igicucu cyangwa igihingwa cyizuba. Ugomba kubaza cyangwa gushaka indishyi zuzuye zibi bimera, nabyo byitwa indishyi zumucyo. Mubyiciro nyabyo, ingemwe zikunze gutwikwa cyangwa zumye. Kubwibyo, igishushanyo cyiyi parameter kigomba gukorerwa ukurikije amoko y'ibimera, imikurire yiterambere.

Kubyerekeye icyerekezo cya mbere, nkuko byatangijwe mu ntangiriro, icyerekezo gisabwa mu gukura kw'ibihingwa bigomba kuba uburyo buhoraho bufite ubugari runaka bwo kugabura. Biragaragara ko bidakwiye gukoresha isoko yoroheje ikozwe mubice bibiri byihariye byumutuku nubururu hamwe nigishushanyo kinini (nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3 (a)). Mu bushakashatsi, wasangaga ibihingwa bikunda kuba umuhondo, ibiti by'ibabi ni byoroheje, kandi ibiti by'ibabi birananuka cyane.

Kubyibuto bya fluorescent hamwe namabara atatu yibanze ikoreshwa mumyaka yashize, nubwo umweru, icyatsi, icyatsi, icyatsi kibisi cyatandukanijwe (nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3 (B))), n'ubugari bwa specrum buragufi. Imbaraga zidasanzwe zigice gikurikira gikomeza nintege nke, kandi imbaraga ziracyafite nini ugereranije na LED, 1.5 kugeza 3 kugeza kuri 3 ibiyobyabwenge. Kubwibyo, ingaruka zo gukoresha ntabwo ari nziza nkuko amatara yayobowe.

Igishushanyo 3, Chip itukura nubururu yayoboye urumuri rwijimye kandi amabara atatu yibanze kuri fluorescent spectrum

PPFD nicyorezo cya Spex Licox, bivuga imirasire nziza yoroheje flux intege nke zumucyo muri fotosinthes kuri 400 kugeza 700 nm . Igice cyacyo ni μ - 2 · s-1 (μmol · m-2 · 1). Imirasire ikora Photoyntheticial (par) bivuga imirasire yizuba hamwe numurongo wumurongo utarenze 400 kugeza 700 nm. Irashobora kugaragazwa haba kumucyo cyangwa kubwimbaraga zimbuto.

Kera, ubukana bwumucyo bugaragarira na illuminometer bwari umucyo, ariko ibintu bifatika bihinduka kubera uburebure bwumucyo uva mu gihingwa, urumuri rushobora kuba urumuri rushobora kunyura mumababi. Kubwibyo, ntabwo ari ukuri gukoresha par nkikimenyetso cyerekana ubukana bwumucyo mubushakashatsi bwa fotosintezeza.

Mubisanzwe, uburyo bwa fotosintesmosi bushobora gutangizwa mugihe ppfd yizuba yuje urukundo iruta 50 μMol · m-2 · . Kubwibyo, mugihe kugura id bikura amatara, urashobora guhitamo umubare wayoboye amatara ashingiye kuriyi gaciro hamwe nubwoko bwibimera utera. Kurugero, niba ppfd yimwe ya LGHT imwe iyobowe ni 20 μmol · m-2 · 1, amatara arenga 3 yakozwe mugukura izuba rikunda izuba.

Ibisubizo byinshi byo gushushanya bya semiconductor

Itara rya Semiconductor rikoreshwa mugukura cyangwa gutera, kandi hariho uburyo bubiri bwibanze.

• Kugeza ubu, icyitegererezo cyo gutera inzu kirashyushye cyane mubushinwa. Iyi moderi ifite ibintu byinshi:

Uruhare rw'amatara ya LED ni ugutanga ibintu byuzuye byo gucana ibihingwa, kandi sisitemu yo gucana irasabwa gutanga ingufu zose zo gucana, kandi igiciro cyumusaruro ni hejuru;
②gushushanya igishushanyo myoboye gihinga amatara akeneye gusuzuma ubudahwema nubunyangamugayo bwa specrum;
③t ni ngombwa kugenzura neza umwanya no gucana ubukana, nko kureka ibimera biruhuka mumasaha make, ubukana bwa irradiasiyo ntabwo ihagije cyangwa ikomeye cyane, nibindi .;
④ Inzira yose ikeneye kwigana ibisabwa nigice cyiterambere ryiterambere ryibihingwa hanze, nko kuba ubushuhe, ubushyuhe na co2 kwibanda.

• Uburyo bwo gutera hanze hamwe na Green House yo hanze ya Greenhouse. Ibiranga iyi moderi ni:

Uruhare rw'amatara ya LED ni ukuzuza urumuri. Imwe igomba kuzamura ubukana bwubururu nubururu munsi yumuriro wizuba kumunsi kugirango utegure amafoto, undi ni ukwishura mugihe nta zuba nijoro kugirango uteze imbere igipimo cyimbaho
② Umucyo winyongera ugomba gusuzuma igihe cyo gukura cyitwa igihingwa kiri, nkigihe cyimbuto cyangwa mugihe cyindabyo kandi.

Kubwibyo, igishushanyo mbonera cyibimera gikura gikura kigomba kubanza kugira uburyo bubiri bwo gushushanya, aribwo kuri 24h (musoor) no gucana imikurire (hanze). Kubwo guhinga amazu, igishushanyo mbonera cyayoboye gihinga gikeneye gutekereza kubintu bitatu, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 4. Ntibishoboka gupakira amabara atatu yibanze muburyo runaka.

Igishushanyo cya 4, Igitekerezo cyo gushushanya cyo gukoresha amatara yo mu nzu yayoboye amatara ya 24h

Kurugero, kuri spetrum muri starsion, urebye ko ikeneye gushimangira imikurire yimizi nibiti, bikomeza amababi, kandi isoko yicyuma ikoreshwa mu nzu, uburyo bworoshye burashobora gukorerwa nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 5.

Igishushanyo 5, imiterere yerekana ikwiranye nigihe cyo kubamo pepiniyeri

Kugirango igishushanyo cyubwoko bwa kabiri bwizene gikura urumuri, kigamije ahanini igisubizo cyo gushushanya kugirango ushyireho urumuri ruteze imbere gutera munsi yisi ya greendoor. Igitekerezo cyo gushushanya cyerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 6.

Igishushanyo 6, igishushanyo mbonera cyo hanze gikura 

Umwanditsi avuga ko amasosiyete menshi yo gushinga afata uburyo bwa kabiri bwo gukoresha amatara ya LED kugirango ateze imbere gukura kw'ibimera.

Mbere ya byose, guhinga icyatsi cy'Ubushinwa habaye imyaka myinshi hamwe n'uburambe butandukanye, haba mu majyepfo no mu majyaruguru. Ifite ishingiro ryiza ryikoranabuhanga rya parike kandi ritanga umubare munini wimbuto nimboga ku isoko ryimijyi ikikije imigi ikikije imigi ikikije imijyi ikikije. By'umwihariko mu murima n'ubutaka n'uburiruka bwo gutera, ibisubizo by'ubushakashatsi bikungakorewe.

Icya kabiri, iki gisubizo cyinyongera cyoroheje kirashobora kugabanya cyane imbaraga zidakenewe, kandi icyarimwe irashobora kongera umusaruro wimbuto n'imboga. Byongeye kandi, agace ganini k'Ubushinwa karoroshye cyane kuzamurwa mu ntera.

Nubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwo kuyobora amatara yibihingwa, bitanga kandi ishingiro ryagutse kuriyo. Igishushanyo

Igishushanyo 7, ubwoko bwa LED Gukura Umucyo

Igishushanyo 8, spectrum yubwoko bwayoboye ikura urumuri

Dukurikije ibitekerezo byavuzwe haruguru, itsinda ryubushakashatsi ryakoze urukurikirane rw'ubushakashatsi, kandi ibisubizo bigeragejwe ni ngombwa cyane. Kurugero, kubera guhinga urumuri mugihe cya pepiniyeri, itara ryumwimerere ryakoreshejwe ni itara rya fluorescent hamwe nimbaraga za 32 W hamwe nincuke ukwezi 40. Dutanga urumuri 12 rwa wayoboye, rugabanya ingemwe tugera kuminsi 30, rugabanya neza ingaruka zubushyuhe bwimahugurwa, kandi ikiza imbaraga zo gukoresha ingufu za konderiti. Ubunini, uburebure n'amabara yimbuto nibyiza kuruta igisubizo cyumwimerere. Kuburyo bwimboga zimboga, imyanzuro myiza yo kugenzura nayo yarabonetse, ikubiye muri make mumeza ikurikira.

Muri bo, itsinda ryinyongera rya PPFD: 70-80 μmol · m-2 S-1, kandi igipimo cy'ubururu gitukura: 0.6-0.7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7. Umubare w'iminsi ya PPFD y'itsinda risanzwe ryabaye 40 ~ 800 μmol · m-2 S-1, kandi igipimo cy'umutuku kugeza ubururu cyari 0.6 ~ 1.2. Birashobora kugaragara ko ibipimo byavuzwe haruguru biruta ay'urufatiro rusanzwe.

Umwanzuro

Iyi ngingo itangiza iterambere rigezweho mugukoresha iyoboye ikura amatara mu guhinga, kandi yerekanwa kubwumvikane buke mu gushyira mu bikorwa iyobokaho bakura mu rugo. Hanyuma, ibitekerezo bya tekiniki na gahunda yo guteza imbere iyoboye amatara bikoreshwa muguhinga amahingwa bitazatangizwa. Bikwiye kwerekanwa ko hari kandi ibintu bimwe bigomba gusuzumwa mugushiraho no gukoresha urumuri, nkintera iri hagati yumucyo nigihingwa, uburyo bwo gushyira itara, nuburyo bwo gushyira mutaranura amazi asanzwe, ifumbire, n'ubutaka.

Umwanditsi: YI Wang et al. Inkomoko: CNKI