Umwanditsi: Zhang Chaoqin. Inkomoko: Digitime

Ubwiyongere bwihuse bujyanye n'abaturage n'iterambere mu gihe cy'imijyi iteganijwe kwishakira no guteza imbere iterambere no gukura kw'inganda z'ubuhinzi. Imirima ihagaritse ifatwa nkaho ishobora gukemura bimwe mubibazo byo gukora ibiryo, ariko niba bishobora kuba igisubizo kirambye cyo gutanga umusaruro, abahanga bemeza ko hakiri ibibazo mubyukuri.

Nk'uko amakuru abitangaza kuri Navigator y'ibiryo n'umurinzi, ndetse n'ubushakashatsi bw'Umuryango w'Abibumbye, abaturage b'isi yose baziyongera ku bantu bagera kuri miliyari 10.3 muri miliyari 8.50, na miliyari 9.7 muri 2050. FAO igereranya ko kuri Guhura no Kugaburira abaturage mu 2050, umusaruro w'ibiryo uziyongera na 70% ugereranije na 2007, kandi ku mirimo y'ibinyampeke 2050 ku isi igomba kwiyongera kuva muri miliyari 2.1 kugeza miliyari 3 z'amanota. Inyama zigomba gukuba kabiri, kongera toni miliyoni 470.

Guhindura no kongeramo ubutaka bwinshi kubikorwa byubuhinzi ntibishobora byanze bikunze gukemura ikibazo mubihugu bimwe. Ubwongereza bwakoresheje 72% by'ubutaka bwarwo bwo gukora ubuhinzi, ariko bugomba gutumiza ibiryo. Ubwongereza na we agerageza gukoresha ubundi buryo bwo guhinga, nko gukoresha imivumba minini yo mu kirere yasize mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose kubera gutera icyatsi. Uyu mutaro Richard Ballard nayo arateganya kwagura intera yo gutera muri 2019.

Ku rundi ruhande, gukoresha amazi nabyo ni inzitizi ku musaruro w'ibiribwa. Nk'uko imibare ya OECD ivuga, 70% yo gukoresha amazi ari imirima. Imihindagurikire y'ibihe kandi yongera ibibazo by'isamwa. Imijyi isaba kandi gahunda yo gutanga umusaruro mu biribwa kugirango igaburire abaturage bo mumijyi ikura vuba hamwe nabakozi bake, ubutaka bugarukira hamwe nubutunzi buke. Ibi bibazo bitwara iterambere ryumurima uhagaritse.
Ibiranga bike - imirima ihagaritse izazana amahirwe yo kwemerera umusaruro w'ubuhinzi kwinjira mu mujyi, kandi birashobora kandi kwiyegereza abaguzi bo mu mijyi. Intera kuva mu isambu kugeza ku muguzi iragabanuka, igabanya urunigi rwo gutanga, kandi abaguzi bo mu mijyi bazashishikazwa cyane n'inkomoko y'ibiryo kandi barushaho kubona umusaruro w'ibiribwa kandi byoroshye kubona umusaruro mushya w'imirire. Kera, ntibyari byoroshye ko abaturage bo mu mijyi bagera ku biryo bishya. Imirima ihagaritse irashobora kubakwa mu gikoni cyangwa inyuma yabo. Ubu ni bwo butumwa bw'ingenzi butangwa no guteza imbere imirima ihagaritse.

Byongeye kandi, kwemeza icyitegererezo cyo guhinga hazagira ingaruka mu buryo bunini mu ruhererekane rw'ubuhinzi gakondo, no gukoresha imiti gakondo y'ubuhinzi nko kwivuza gakondo, imiti yica udukoko, imiti yica udukoko, izagabanuka cyane. Ku rundi ruhande, icyifuzo cya sisitemu ya Hvac na Sisitemu yo kugenzura biziyongera kugira ngo bikomeze ibihe byiza byo gucunga amazi n'imigezi. Ubuhinzi buhagaritse muri rusange bukoresha amatara yihariye ya LED yo kwigana izuba nibindi bikoresho byo gushiraho uruzi cyangwa hanze yubwubatsi.

Ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere imirima ihagaritse harimo kandi "tekinoroji yubwenge" mugukurikirana imiterere y'ibidukikije no gutegura imikoreshereze y'amazi n'amabuye y'agaciro. Internet y'ibintu (IOT) Ikoranabuhanga rizagira kandi uruhare runini. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugundika amakuru yo gukura. Ibisarurwa by'ibihingwa bizakurikiraho kandi bikurikiranwa na mudasobwa cyangwa terefone zigendanwa ahandi.

Imirima ihagaritse irashobora kubyara ibiryo byinshi hamwe nubutaka buke nubutaka, kandi biri kure y'ifumbire ya miliciem hamwe nudukoko. Ariko, amasahani akemure mucyumba bisaba imbaraga nyinshi kuruta ubuhinzi gakondo. Nubwo haba hari Windows mucyumba, urumuri rusanzwe rusabwa kubera izindi mpamvu zibuza. Sisitemu yo kugenzura ikirere irashobora gutanga ibidukikije byiza bikura, ariko nayo irakomeye.

Nk'uko imibare yaturutse mu buhinzi bw'Ubwongereza, salitusi ihingwa muri parike, kandi igereranya ko hafi 250 kwh (isaha ya Kilowatt) ikenewe kuri metero kare yo gutera buri mwaka. Ukurikije ubushakashatsi bujyanye nubufatanye bwikigo cyubushakashatsi bwubushakashatsi bwa DLR, umurima uhagaritse mubunini bunini bwo gutera bisaba gukoresha ingufu zitangaje za 3.500 KWH 3,500 kumwaka. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kunoza ikoreshwa ryingufu zemewe bizaba ingingo yingenzi yiterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryikoranabuhanga.

Byongeye kandi, imirima ihagaritse nayo ifite ibibazo byishoramari. Abashoramari bamaze gukurura amaboko, ubucuruzi bwubucuruzi buzahagarara. Kurugero, paignton zoo muri Devon, Ubwongereza, yashinzwe muri 2009. Byari bumwe mubantu bambaye ubusa. Byakoresheje sisitemu ya Verticrop kugirango ikure imboga yamababi. Nyuma yimyaka itanu, kubera amafaranga yakurikiyeho, sisitemu yanagiye mu mateka. Isosiyete ikurikiranwa yari ilcent, nyuma yabaye impaka, atangira gushinga ishusho ya parike yo hejuru muri Kanada muri Kanada, amaherezo yaje kurangiza guhomba.