Umwanditsi: Zhang Chaoqin. Inkomoko: DIGITIMES

Ubwiyongere bwihuse bw’abaturage n’iterambere ry’imijyi biteganijwe gushishikariza no guteza imbere iterambere n’iterambere ry’inganda zihinga. Imirima ihanamye ifatwa nkaho ishobora gukemura bimwe mu bibazo by’umusaruro w’ibiribwa, ariko niba ishobora kuba igisubizo kirambye ku musaruro w’ibiribwa, abahanga bemeza ko hakiri imbogamizi mu byukuri.

Nk’uko byatangajwe na Food Navigator na The Guardian, ndetse n'ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye, abatuye isi baziyongera bava kuri miliyari 7.3 bariho ubu bagera kuri miliyari 8.5 mu 2030, na miliyari 9.7 mu 2050. FAO ivuga ko kugira ngo guhura no kugaburira abaturage mu 2050, umusaruro w'ibiribwa uziyongera 70% ugereranije na 2007, naho muri 2050 umusaruro w'ingano ku isi ugomba kwiyongera uva kuri toni miliyari 2,1 ukagera kuri toni miliyari 3. Inyama zigomba gukuba kabiri, ziyongera kuri toni miliyoni 470.

Guhindura no kongeramo ubutaka bwo kubyaza umusaruro ubuhinzi ntibishobora byanze bikunze gukemura ikibazo mubihugu bimwe. Ubwongereza bwakoresheje 72% by'ubutaka bwabwo mu musaruro w'ubuhinzi, ariko buracyakeneye gutumiza mu mahanga ibiribwa. Ubwongereza nabwo bugerageza gukoresha ubundi buryo bwo guhinga, nko gukoresha imirongo igaba ibitero byo mu kirere yasigaye mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose mu gutera ibihingwa bisa. Uwatangije Richard Ballard arateganya kandi kwagura ibikorwa byo gutera muri 2019.

Ku rundi ruhande, gukoresha amazi nabyo ni inzitizi ku musaruro w'ibiribwa. Dukurikije imibare ya OECD, hafi 70% yo gukoresha amazi ni iy'imirima. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe nayo yongera ibibazo by’umusaruro. Imijyi isaba kandi gahunda yo gutanga ibiribwa kugirango igaburire abaturage bo mu mijyi yiyongera cyane hamwe n’abakozi bake bo mu cyaro, ubutaka buke n’amazi make. Ibi bibazo bitera iterambere ryimirima ihagaze.
Imikoreshereze mike iranga imirima ihagaritse izazana amahirwe yo kwemerera umusaruro wubuhinzi kwinjira mumujyi, kandi birashobora no kwegera abakoresha imijyi. Intera kuva mu murima kugeza ku baguzi iragabanuka, bigabanya urwego rwose rutanga, kandi abaguzi bo mu mijyi bazashishikazwa cyane n’ibiryo ndetse no kubona umusaruro ushimishije. Kera, ntibyari byoroshye kubatuye mumijyi kubona ibiryo bishya byiza. Imirima ihanamye irashobora kubakwa mu gikoni cyangwa mu gikari cyabo. Ubu ni bwo butumwa bwingenzi butangwa niterambere ryimirima ihagaze.

Byongeye kandi, iyemezwa ry’icyitegererezo cy’ubuhinzi kizagira ingaruka nyinshi ku ruhererekane rw’ubuhinzi butangwa, kandi ikoreshwa ry’imiti gakondo y’ubuhinzi nk’ifumbire mvaruganda, imiti yica udukoko n’ibyatsi bizagabanuka cyane. Ku rundi ruhande, ibisabwa kuri sisitemu ya HVAC na sisitemu zo kugenzura biziyongera kugira ngo habeho ibihe byiza byo gucunga ikirere n’imigezi. Ubuhinzi buhagaritse muri rusange bukoresha amatara yihariye ya LED yo kwigana urumuri rwizuba nibindi bikoresho kugirango ushire imbere mu nzu cyangwa hanze.

Ubushakashatsi niterambere ryimirima ihagaritse kandi bikubiyemo "tekinoroji yubwenge" yavuzwe haruguru yo gukurikirana ibidukikije no kunoza ikoreshwa ryamazi namabuye y'agaciro. Ikoranabuhanga rya interineti yibintu (IoT) naryo rizagira uruhare runini. Irashobora gukoreshwa mukwandika amakuru yikura ryibihingwa. Ibisarurwa byibihingwa bizakurikiranwa kandi bikurikiranwe na mudasobwa cyangwa terefone zigendanwa ahandi.

Imirima ihanamye irashobora gutanga ibiryo byinshi bifite ubutaka n’amazi make, kandi bikaba kure y’ifumbire mvaruganda yangiza imiti yica udukoko. Nyamara, ibigega byegeranye mucyumba bisaba ingufu nyinshi kuruta ubuhinzi gakondo. Nubwo haba hari idirishya mubyumba, urumuri rusanzwe rusabwa kubera izindi mpamvu zibuza. Sisitemu yo kurwanya ikirere irashobora gutanga ibidukikije bikura neza, ariko kandi ni imbaraga nyinshi.

Nk’uko imibare yaturutse mu ishami ry’ubuhinzi mu Bwongereza ibivuga, ibinyomoro bihingwa muri pariki, kandi bikaba bivugwa ko ingufu za kilowati 250 (isaha kilowatt) zikenerwa kuri metero kare y’ahantu ho gutera buri mwaka. Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bujyanye n’ubufatanye bw’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’Ubudage DLR bubitangaza, umurima uhagaze w’uburinganire bumwe busaba gukoresha ingufu zitangaje zingana na 3.500 kWh ku mwaka. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kunoza imikoreshereze yemewe yingufu bizaba ingingo yingenzi yo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryimirima ihagaze.

Byongeye kandi, imirima ihagaze nayo ifite ibibazo byinkunga yishoramari. Abashoramari bashoramari nibamara gukurura amaboko, ubucuruzi bwubucuruzi buzahagarara. Kurugero, Zoo ya Paignton i Devon, mubwongereza, yashinzwe mu 2009. Nibimwe mubitangira guhinga guhinga. Yakoresheje sisitemu ya VertiCrop mu guhinga imboga zifite amababi. Nyuma yimyaka itanu, kubera amafaranga adahagije yakurikiyeho, sisitemu nayo yagiye mumateka. Isosiyete yakurikiranye yari Valcent, yaje guhinduka Alterrus, itangira gushinga uburyo bwo gutera pariki hejuru y’inzu muri Kanada, amaherezo yaje guhomba.