Umwanditsi: Zhang Chaoqin. Inkomoko: DIGITIMES

Ubwiyongere bwihuse bw'abaturage n'iterambere ry'imijyi byitezwe ko bizatera imbere kandi bigateza imbere iterambere n'iterambere ry'inganda zihinga mu buryo bugororotse. Ubuhinzi buhagaze bufatwa nk'ubushobora gukemura bimwe mu bibazo by'umusaruro w'ibiribwa, ariko niba bushobora kuba igisubizo kirambye ku musaruro w'ibiribwa, impuguke zemeza ko mu by'ukuri hakiri imbogamizi.

Nk’uko raporo za Food Navigator na The Guardian zibivuga, ndetse n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, abaturage ku isi baziyongera bakava kuri miliyari 7.3 z’abaturage ubu bakagera kuri miliyari 8.5 mu 2030, na miliyari 9.7 z’abaturage mu 2050. FAO ivuga ko kugira ngo abaturage bahure kandi bagaburirwe ibiryo mu 2050, umusaruro w’ibiribwa uziyongeraho 70% ugereranije no mu 2007, kandi mu 2050 umusaruro w’ibinyampeke ku isi ugomba kwiyongera ukava kuri miliyari 2.1 ukagera kuri miliyari 3. Inyama zigomba kwikuba kabiri, zigere kuri miliyoni 470 z’abaturage.

Guhindura no kongeramo ubutaka bwo guhinga bishobora kudakemura ikibazo mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe. Ubwongereza bwakoresheje 72% by'ubutaka bwabwo mu buhinzi, ariko buracyakeneye gutumiza ibiribwa mu mahanga. Ubwongereza nabwo burimo kugerageza gukoresha ubundi buryo bwo guhinga, nko gukoresha imiyoboro y'indege yasigaye mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose mu gutera ibiti bisa n'ibi. Uwatangije iyi gahunda Richard Ballard arateganya no kwagura urwego rw'ibihingwa mu 2019.

Ku rundi ruhande, ikoreshwa ry'amazi naryo ni imbogamizi ku musaruro w'ibiribwa. Dukurikije imibare ya OECD, hafi 70% by'amazi akoreshwa mu mirima. Imihindagurikire y'ikirere nayo yongera ibibazo by'umusaruro. Gutuza imijyi bisaba kandi uburyo bwo gutunganya ibiribwa kugira ngo bugaburire abaturage bo mu mijyi bakura vuba bafite abakozi bake bo mu cyaro, ubutaka buke n'amazi make. Ibi bibazo birimo gutera imbere mu mirima igororotse.
Imiterere y’imirima ihagaze idakoreshwa neza izazana amahirwe yo kwemerera umusaruro w’ubuhinzi kwinjira mu mujyi, kandi ishobora no kwegera abaguzi bo mu mijyi. Intera iri hagati y’ubuhinzi n’umuguzi iragabanuka, bigabanya uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa byose, kandi abaguzi bo mu mijyi bazashishikazwa cyane n’amasoko y’ibiribwa no kubona umusaruro w’indyo nshya. Mu bihe byashize, ntibyari byoroshye ku batuye mu mijyi kubona ibiryo bishya byiza. Imirima ihagaze ishobora kubakwa mu gikoni cyangwa mu gikari cyabo. Ubu buzaba ari bwo butumwa bw’ingenzi butangwa n’iterambere ry’imirima ihagaze.

Byongeye kandi, gukoresha icyitegererezo cy’ubuhinzi buhagaze bizagira ingaruka nini ku ruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa gakondo mu buhinzi, kandi ikoreshwa ry’imiti gakondo mu buhinzi nk’ifumbire mvaruganda, imiti yica udukoko n’imiti yica udukoko bizagabanuka cyane. Ku rundi ruhande, icyifuzo cy’uburyo bwa HVAC na sisitemu zo kugenzura kiziyongera kugira ngo hakomeze kubaho imiterere myiza yo gucunga ikirere n’amazi y’imigezi. Ubuhinzi buhagaze muri rusange bukoresha amatara yihariye ya LED mu kwerekana urumuri rw’izuba n’ibindi bikoresho kugira ngo hashyirweho imiterere y’imbere cyangwa hanze.

Ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'imirima ihagaze burimo kandi "ikoranabuhanga rigezweho" ryavuzwe haruguru ryo kugenzura ibidukikije no kunoza ikoreshwa ry'amazi n'amabuye y'agaciro. Ikoranabuhanga rya Internet of Things (IoT) naryo rizagira uruhare runini. Rishobora gukoreshwa mu kwandika amakuru y'imikurire y'ibimera. Isarura ry'ibihingwa rizakurikiranwa kandi rikurikiranwe na mudasobwa cyangwa telefoni zigendanwa ahandi.

Ubuhinzi buhagaze bushobora kwera ibiribwa byinshi bufite ubutaka n'amazi make, kandi buri kure cyane y'ifumbire mvaruganda yangiza n'imiti yica udukoko. Ariko, amabati afunze mu cyumba asaba ingufu nyinshi kurusha ubuhinzi gakondo. Nubwo haba hari amadirishya mu cyumba, urumuri rw'ubukorano rukunze gukenerwa bitewe n'izindi mpamvu zikomeye. Sisitemu yo kugenzura ikirere ishobora gutanga ibidukikije byiza byo guhinga, ariko nanone ikoresha ingufu nyinshi.

Dukurikije imibare yavuye mu ishami ry’ubuhinzi mu Bwongereza, salade ihingwa mu busitani, kandi bivugwa ko hakenewe ingufu zigera kuri 250 kWh (kilowatt saa) kuri metero kare y’ubuso bw’ihinga buri mwaka. Dukurikije ubushakashatsi bujyanye n’ubufatanye bwakozwe n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya DLR cyo mu Budage, umurima uhagaze ufite ubuso bungana bwo guteramo ukenera ingufu zitangaje za 3.500 kWh ku mwaka. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kunoza ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zikwiye buzaba ingingo y’ingenzi mu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’ubuso bw’ihinga buhagaze.

Byongeye kandi, imirima ihagaze ifite ibibazo byo gutera inkunga ishoramari. Abashoramari bamaze gushyikirana, ubucuruzi buzahagarara. Urugero, Paignton Zoo i Devon, mu Bwongereza, yashinzwe mu 2009. Yari imwe mu masosiyete ya mbere ya mbere ahinga imboga. Yakoresheje sisitemu ya VertiCrop mu guhinga imboga z'amababi. Nyuma y'imyaka itanu, kubera ko amafaranga make yakurikiyeho yari make, iyi sisitemu nayo yagiye mu mateka. Isosiyete yakurikiyeho yari Valcent, yaje guhinduka Alterrus, maze itangira gushyiraho uburyo bwo gutera ibiti biva ku gisenge muri Kanada, amaherezo bikarangira ihombye.