Incamake: Mu myaka ya vuba aha, hamwe n’ubushakashatsi buhoraho ku ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu buhinzi, inganda z’inganda nazo zateye imbere vuba. Iyi nyandiko igaragaza uko ibintu bimeze, ibibazo biriho n’ingamba zo kurwanya iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’inganda n’iterambere ry’inganda, kandi itegereje iterambere n’icyitegererezo cy’inganda z’inganda mu gihe kizaza.

1. Aho iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rigeze ubu mu nganda z'inganda mu Bushinwa no mu mahanga

1.1 Uko iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu mahanga rihagaze

Kuva mu kinyejana cya 21, ubushakashatsi ku nganda z’ibimera bwibanze cyane cyane ku kunoza imikorere y’urumuri, guhanga ibikoresho by’ubuhinzi bifite ibyiciro bitatu, ndetse no gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere imicungire n’igenzura ry’ubwenge. Mu kinyejana cya 21, udushya tw’amasoko y’urumuri rwa LED mu buhinzi twateye imbere, dutanga inkunga ikomeye mu bya tekiniki mu ikoreshwa ry’urumuri rwa LED ruzigama ingufu mu nganda z’ibimera. Kaminuza ya Chiba mu Buyapani yakoze udushya twinshi mu bijyanye n’urumuri ruzigama ingufu, kugenzura ibidukikije bizigama ingufu, ndetse no mu buhinzi. Kaminuza ya Wageningen mu Buholandi ikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kwigana ibidukikije n’ibidukikije kugira ngo iteze imbere sisitemu y’ibikoresho by’ubwenge ku nganda z’ibimera, bigabanya cyane ikiguzi cy’imikorere kandi bikongera cyane umusaruro w’abakozi.

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, inganda z’inganda zagiye zishyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo gukora ikoranabuhanga rijyanye n’imikorere y’ibihingwa kuva ku gutera imbuto, gutera imbuto, gutera no gusarura. Ubuyapani, Ubuholandi, na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ni byo biri ku isonga, bifite urwego rwo hejuru rw’imashini, ikoranabuhanga, n’ubuhanga, kandi birimo gutera imbere mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi buhagaze n’imikorere idakozwe n’abantu.

1.2 Aho iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rigeze mu Bushinwa

1.2.1 Ibikoresho byihariye by'ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu gutanga urumuri rw'ubukorano mu ruganda rwa LED n'ibikoresho byo kuzigama ingufu

Hakozwe amatara yihariye ya LED atukura n'ubururu yo gukora amoko atandukanye y'ibimera mu nganda z'ibimera. Ingufu zigera kuri 30 kugeza kuri 300 W, kandi ubukana bw'urumuri ruturuka ku mirasire ni 80 kugeza kuri 500 μmol/(m2•s), ashobora gutanga ubukana bw'urumuri rufite intera ikwiye, ibipimo by'ubwiza bw'urumuri, kugira ngo hagerwe ku ngaruka zo kuzigama ingufu no guhuza n'ibikenewe mu mikurire n'amatara y'ibimera. Mu bijyanye no gucunga ubushyuhe bw'inkomoko y'urumuri, igishushanyo mbonera cy'imashini itanga urumuri cyashyizweho, kigabanya umuvuduko wo kubora k'urumuri kandi kigatuma isoko y'urumuri ikomeza kubaho. Byongeye kandi, hatanzwe uburyo bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'isoko y'urumuri rwa LED binyuze mu buryo bw'intungamubiri cyangwa amazi atembera. Mu bijyanye no gucunga ahantu haturuka urumuri, hakurikijwe itegeko ry'impinduka ry'ingano y'ibimera mu cyiciro cyo gutera no mu cyiciro cya nyuma, binyuze mu gucunga ahantu hahagaze ho gutwara urumuri rw'isoko y'urumuri rwa LED, igiti cy'ibimera gishobora kumurikirwa hafi kandi intego yo kuzigama ingufu ikagerwaho. Kugeza ubu, ingufu zikoreshwa n'urumuri rw'inganda z'amatara y'ubukorano zishobora kuba hagati ya 50% na 60% by'ingufu zose zikoreshwa n'uruganda rw'inganda. Nubwo LED ishobora kuzigama ingufu 50% ugereranije n'amatara y'urumuri, haracyari ibishoboka kandi hakenewe ubushakashatsi ku kuzigama no kugabanya ingufu.

1.2.2 Ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho byo guhinga mu buryo bunyuranye bw'ibice bitatu

Icyuho cy’urwego rw’ubuhinzi bw’ibice bitatu mu buryo butandukanye kiragabanuka kuko LED isimbuye itara rya fluorescent, ibyo bikaba byongera ubushobozi bwo gukoresha neza umwanya w’ubuhinzi bw’ibimera mu buryo bungana. Hari ubushakashatsi bwinshi ku miterere y’ubutaka bwo hasi mu buryo butandukanye. Imirongo yazamuwe igamije gutanga amazi atemba cyane, ashobora gufasha imizi y’ibimera kwinjiza intungamubiri mu buryo bungana no kongera ubwinshi bwa ogisijeni yashongeshejwe. Hakoreshejwe uburyo bubiri bwo gutera, ni ukuvuga ibikombe bya pulasitiki by’ingano zitandukanye cyangwa uburyo bwo gutera imboga. Uburyo bwo gutera imboga bugenda butembera bwarabonetse, kandi igiti cyo gutera n’ibimera biri kuri cyo bishobora gusunikwa n’intoki kuva ku mpera imwe ujya ku yindi, bigakorwa mu buryo bwo gutera ku mpera imwe y’ubutaka no gusarura ku rundi ruhande. Kuri ubu, ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye ry’uburyo butatu bwo gutera ubutaka butagira ubutaka n’ibikoresho bishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya filtre y’intungamubiri n’ikoranabuhanga ryo gutemba amazi menshi ryarateguwe, kandi ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho byo guhinga imboga z’amababi, ubuhinzi bw’imboga n’indabyo byavutse vuba. Ikoranabuhanga ryavuzwe ryateye imbere cyane.

1.2.3 Ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho byo kuzenguruka kw'imiti ikomoka ku ntungamubiri

Nyuma y'uko umuti w'intungamubiri umaze igihe runaka ukoreshwa, ni ngombwa kongeramo amazi n'ibintu by'imyunyu ngugu. Muri rusange, ingano y'umuti w'intungamubiri uherutse gutegurwa n'ingano y'umuti w'ishingiro rya aside bigenwa no gupima EC na pH. Uduce duto tw'ibishishwa cyangwa gusohora imizi mu muti w'intungamubiri bigomba gukurwaho hakoreshejwe akayunguruzo. Uduce tw'imizi mu muti w'intungamubiri dushobora gukurwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa photocatalytic kugira ngo hirindwe inzitizi zihoraho zo gutera muri hydroponics, ariko hari ingaruka zimwe na zimwe mu kuboneka kw'intungamubiri.

1.2.4 Ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura ibidukikije

Isuku y'umwuka wo mu mwanya ukorerwamo ni kimwe mu bimenyetso by'ingenzi byerekana ubuziranenge bw'umwuka w'uruganda. Isuku y'umwuka (ibimenyetso by'udukoko duto duto n'udukoko twangiritse) mu mwanya ukorerwamo uruganda mu gihe cy'ihindagurika ry'ikirere igomba kugenzurwa kugeza ku rwego ruri hejuru ya 100.000. Imashini zica udukoko, uburyo bwo koga mu kirere bw'abakozi, hamwe n'uburyo bwo gusukura umwuka mushya (uburyo bwo kuyungurura umwuka) byose ni uburinzi bw'ibanze. Ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe, ubwinshi bwa CO2 n'umuvuduko w'umwuka mu mwanya ukorerwamo ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi mu kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'umwuka. Nk'uko raporo zibivuga, gushyiraho ibikoresho nk'udusanduku two kuvanga umwuka, imiyoboro y'umwuka, aho umwuka winjira n'aho umwuka usohoka bishobora kugenzura ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe, ubwinshi bwa CO2 n'umuvuduko w'umwuka mu mwanya ukorerwamo, kugira ngo hagerwe ku buryo bungana kandi hahuzwe n'ibikenewe mu bimera ahantu hatandukanye. Ubushyuhe, ubushuhe n'ubwinshi bwa CO2 hamwe n'uburyo bw'umwuka mushya byinjijwe mu buryo bw'umwimerere mu buryo bw'umwuka uzenguruka. Utu duce dutatu tugomba gusangira umuyoboro w'umwuka, aho umwuka winjirira n'aho umwuka usohoka, kandi tugatanga ingufu zinyuze mu muyaga kugira ngo umwuka utembera, uyunguruze kandi uterwe umuti wica udukoko, kandi tuvugurure kandi tugire ubwiza bw'umwuka. Bituma umusaruro w'ibimera mu ruganda rw'ibimera utagira udukoko cyangwa indwara, kandi nta miti yica udukoko ikenewe. Muri icyo gihe, ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, umwuka utembera hamwe n'ubwinshi bwa CO2 mu bidukikije bikura mu mvange byemewe ko bihaza ibyo ibimera bikura.

2. Imiterere y'iterambere ry'inganda z'inganda

2.1 Uko inganda z'inganda z'abanyamahanga zihagaze

Mu Buyapani, ubushakashatsi n'iterambere n'inganda z'inganda z'ubukorano zikora urumuri rwihuta cyane, kandi ziri ku rwego rwo hejuru. Mu 2010, guverinoma y'Ubuyapani yatangije miliyari 50 z'amayen kugira ngo ishyigikire ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga n'iyubahirizwa ry'inganda. Ibigo umunani birimo Kaminuza ya Chiba n'Ishyirahamwe ry'Ubushakashatsi ku Nganda z'Ibimera mu Buyapani byitabiriye. Isosiyete y'Ubuyapani y'Ibizaza yatangije kandi ikora umushinga wa mbere wo kwerekana inganda z'inganda zitanga umusaruro wa buri munsi w'inganda 3.000. Mu 2012, ikiguzi cy'umusaruro w'inganda z'inganda cyari 700 yen/kg. Mu 2014, uruganda rugezweho rw'inganda mu Nzu y'Ubwami ya Taga, mu Ntara ya Miyagi rwuzuye, ruhinduka uruganda rwa mbere ku isi rw'inganda za LED rutanga umusaruro wa buri munsi w'inganda 10.000. Kuva mu 2016, inganda z'inganda za LED zinjiye mu nzira yihuse yo guteza imbere inganda mu Buyapani, kandi ibigo bitanga umusaruro uhagije cyangwa bibyara inyungu byavutse kimwe nyuma y'ikindi. Mu 2018, inganda nini z’inganda zifite ubushobozi bwo gukora buri munsi kuva ku nganda 50.000 kugeza ku 100.000 zagaragaye zikurikiranye, kandi inganda mpuzamahanga z’inganda zari zirimo gutera imbere zigana ku iterambere rinini, ry’umwuga n’ubwenge. Muri icyo gihe, Tokyo Electric Power, Okinawa Electric Power n’izindi nganda zatangiye gushora imari mu nganda z’inganda. Mu 2020, isoko rya salade ikorwa n’inganda z’inganda z’Abayapani rizaba ringana na 10% by’isoko ryose rya salade. Mu nganda zirenga 250 z’inganda z’ubukorano zikora ubu, 20% ziri mu cyiciro cyo guhomba, 50% ziri ku rwego rwo kugabanya umusaruro, naho 30% ziri mu cyiciro cyunguka, zirimo ubwoko bw’ibimera bihingwa nka salade, ibyatsi, n’imbuto.

Ubuholandi ni igihugu cya mbere ku isi mu bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga rihuriweho ry'urumuri rw'izuba n'urumuri rw'ubukorano mu nganda, rifite urwego rwo hejuru rw'imashini, ikoranabuhanga, ubwenge n'ubudakoresha abapilote, ubu ryohereje ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho byuzuye nk'ibicuruzwa bikomeye mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, muri Afurika, mu Bushinwa no mu bindi bihugu. Ikigo cy'Abanyamerika cya AeroFarms giherereye i Newark, muri New Jersey, muri Amerika, gifite ubuso bwa m2 6500. Gihingwa cyane cyane imboga n'ibirungo, kandi umusaruro ni hafi toni 900 ku mwaka.

Ubuhinzi buhagaze muri AeroFarms

Uruganda rw’inganda zikora ubuhinzi buhagaze rwa Plenty Company muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika rukoresha amatara ya LED n’urukuta rwo gutera ibiti rufite uburebure bwa metero 6. Ibimera bikura ku mpande z’ibihingwa. Bishingiye ku kuhira amazi aturutse ku ngufu, ubu buryo bwo gutera ntibusaba imashini z’inyongera kandi bukoresha amazi neza kurusha ubuhinzi busanzwe. Plenty avuga ko ubuhinzi bwe butanga umusaruro ukubye inshuro 350 umusaruro w’ubuhinzi busanzwe mu gihe hakoreshejwe 1% gusa by’amazi.

Uruganda rw'ibihingwa bihagaze, Plenty Company

2.2 Uko inganda z'inganda zihagaze mu Bushinwa

Mu 2009, uruganda rwa mbere rukora uruganda mu Bushinwa rufite ubuyobozi bw’ubwenge nk’inkingi y’ibanze rwubatswe kandi rutangira gukoreshwa muri Changchun Agricultural Expo Park. Ubuso bw’inyubako ni metero kare 200, kandi ibintu bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije nk’ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, urumuri, CO2 n’ibinyabutabire by’uruganda bishobora gukurikiranwa mu buryo bwikora mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo habeho imicungire y’ubwenge.

Mu 2010, uruganda rwa Tongzhou rwubatswe i Beijing. Inyubako nyamukuru yafashe inyubako y'icyuma cyoroshye ifite ubuso bwa metero kare 1289. Imeze nk'indege zitwara indege, bigaragaza ubuhinzi bw'Abashinwa bufata iya mbere mu gutangiza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ry'ubuhinzi bugezweho. Ibikoresho byikora ku giti cyabyo byo gukora imboga z'amababi byarakozwe, byatumye urwego rw'umusaruro rurushaho kwiyongera ndetse n'umusaruro w'uruganda. Uruganda rukoresha sisitemu yo gushyushya ikoreshwa mu butaka hamwe na sisitemu yo kubyaza ingufu z'izuba, ibi bikaba bikemura neza ikibazo cy'ibiciro biri hejuru by'imikorere y'uruganda.

Imbere n'inyuma y'uruganda rwa Tongzhou Plant Factory

Mu 2013, amasosiyete menshi y’ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi yashinzwe mu gace ka Yangling Agricultural High-tech Demonstration Zone, mu Ntara ya Shaanxi. Imishinga myinshi y’inganda zirimo kubakwa no gukorwa iherereye mu mapaki y’ibyerekanwa by’ubuhinzi akoresha ikoranabuhanga rihanitse, akoreshwa cyane cyane mu kwerekana ubumenyi buzwi cyane no gusura ahantu nyaburanga. Bitewe n’imikorere mibi yazo, biragoye ko izi nganda zizwi cyane zikora ikoranabuhanga rihanitse kugira ngo zinjize umusaruro mwinshi kandi zikore neza cyane nk’inganda, kandi bizagorana kuba ubwoko bw’inganda buzwi cyane mu gihe kizaza.

Mu 2015, uruganda rukomeye rukora utwuma duto twa LED mu Bushinwa rwafatanyije n'Ikigo cy'Ibimera cy'Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi bw'Abashinwa kugira ngo batangire ku giti cyabo ishingwa ry'uruganda rw'inganda. Rwavuye mu nganda zikora utwuma duto tujya mu nganda zikora utwuma duto, kandi rwabaye urugero ku bakinnyi ba LED bo mu Bushinwa bashora imari mu kubaka inganda z'inganda mu nganda. Uruganda rwarwo rw'inganda rwiyemeje gushora imari mu nganda zikora utwuma duto, ruhuza ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, umusaruro, kwerekana, gukwirakwiza n'ibindi bikorwa, rufite imari shingiro ya miliyoni 100 z'amayuan. Muri Kamena 2016, uru ruganda rufite inyubako y'amagorofa 3 ifite ubuso bwa m2 3.000 n'ubuso burenga m2 10.000 rwari rwuzuye kandi rutangira gukora. Bitarenze Gicurasi 2017, igipimo cy'umusaruro wa buri munsi kizaba kilo 1.500 z'imboga z'amababi, bingana n'ibimera 15.000 bya salade ku munsi.

Ibitekerezo by'iyi sosiyete

3. Ibibazo n'ingamba zo kurwanya iterambere ry'inganda z'inganda

3.1 Ibibazo

3.1.1 Igiciro kinini cy'ubwubatsi

Inganda z’inganda zigomba guhinga ibihingwa ahantu hafunze. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kubaka imishinga n'ibikoresho bizishyigikira birimo inyubako zo hanze zo kubungabunga, sisitemu zo gukonjesha, amasoko y'urumuri rw'ubukorano, sisitemu zo guhinga zifite ibyiciro byinshi, inzira zo gukwirakwiza intungamubiri, na sisitemu zo kugenzura mudasobwa. Igiciro cyo kubaka kiri hejuru cyane.

3.1.2 Igiciro kinini cy'ibikorwa

Ibyuma byinshi by'urumuri bikenerwa n'inganda z'inganda bituruka ku matara ya LED, akoresha amashanyarazi menshi mu gihe atanga imirasire ijyanye n'ikura ry'ibihingwa bitandukanye. Ibikoresho nk'imashini ikonjesha, ihumeka, n'imashini zitanga amazi mu gikorwa cyo gukora inganda z'inganda nabyo bikoresha amashanyarazi, bityo fagitire z'amashanyarazi ni ikiguzi kinini. Dukurikije imibare, mu kiguzi cy'umusaruro w'inganda z'inganda, ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi kingana na 29%, ikiguzi cy'abakozi kingana na 26%, igabanuka ry'agaciro k'umutungo utimukanwa ringana na 23%, ipaki n'ubwikorezi bingana na 12%, naho ibikoresho by'umusaruro bingana na 10%.

Isesengura ry'ikiguzi cy'umusaruro w'uruganda

3.1.3 Urwego rwo hasi rw'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga

Uruganda rukoreshwa ubu rufite urwego rwo hasi rw’imikorere ikora ku buryo bwikora, kandi ibikorwa nko gutera imbuto, gutera imbuto, gutera mu murima, no gusarura biracyasaba ibikorwa by’intoki, bigatuma abakozi bahenda cyane.

3.1.4 Ubwoko buke bw'ibihingwa bushobora guhingwa

Muri iki gihe, ubwoko bw'ibihingwa bikwiriye inganda z'ibimera ni bike cyane, ahanini ni imboga z'icyatsi kibisi zikura vuba, zemera byoroshye urumuri rw'ubukorano, kandi zifite ubwiza buke. Gutera ibihingwa binini ntibishobora gukorwa bitewe n'ibikenewe mu gutera (nk'ibihingwa bigomba guhingwa, nibindi).

3.2 Ingamba z'iterambere

Ukurikije ibibazo inganda z’inganda zihura na byo, ni ngombwa gukora ubushakashatsi mu bintu bitandukanye nko mu ikoranabuhanga n’imikorere. Mu rwego rwo gukemura ibibazo biriho ubu, ingamba zo kubirwanya ni izi zikurikira.

(1) Kongera imbaraga mu bushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga ry’inganda z’inganda no kunoza urwego rw’imicungire ikomeye kandi inoze. Guteza imbere sisitemu y’imicungire n’igenzura ry’inganda bifasha kugera ku micungire ikomeye kandi inoze y’inganda z’inganda, ibi bikaba bishobora kugabanya cyane ikiguzi cy’abakozi no kuzigama abakozi.

(2) Guteza imbere ibikoresho bya tekiniki by’inganda zikora uruganda kugira ngo bigere ku bwiza n’umusaruro mwiza buri mwaka. Guteza imbere ibikoresho byo guhinga n’ibikoresho bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rikoresha amatara n’ibikoresho bigabanya ingufu, n’ibindi, kugira ngo kunoze urwego rw’ubuhanga mu nganda zikora uruganda, bituma umusaruro ukorwa buri mwaka urushaho kuba mwiza.

(3) Gukora ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi bw’inganda ku bimera bifite agaciro gakomeye nk’ibimera bivura, ibimera bitanga serivisi z’ubuzima, n’imboga zidasanzwe, kongera ubwoko bw’ibihingwa bihingwa mu nganda z’ibimera, kwagura inzira z’inyungu, no kunoza aho inyungu ituruka.

(4) Gukora ubushakashatsi ku nganda z’ibimera zikoreshwa mu ngo no mu bucuruzi, kunoza ubwoko bw’inganda z’ibimera, no kugera ku nyungu zihoraho hamwe n’imirimo itandukanye.

4. Iterambere ry'Uruganda n'icyizere cy'uko ruzaba rumeze

4.1 Iterambere ry'Ikoranabuhanga

4.1.1 Gusobanukirwa ibintu byose mu buryo bw'ubwenge

Hashingiwe ku buryo bwo guhuza no gukumira igihombo hakoreshejwe sisitemu ya roboti zihinga imyaka, gutera no gusarura mu buryo bworoshye kandi budasenya, gushyira ahantu hatandukanye ahantu hatandukanye neza n'uburyo bwo kugenzura imikorere y'imashini nyinshi, hamwe no gutera mu nganda ndende zitagira abapilote, imikorere myiza kandi idasenya - Roboti zifite ubwenge n'ibikoresho bizishyigikira nko gutera no gupakira ibihingwa bigomba gukorwa, bityo bigatuma igikorwa cyose kigerwaho nta bapilote.

4.1.2 Hindura uburyo bwo kugenzura umusaruro mu buryo bwihuse

Hashingiwe ku buryo bwo guhangana n'imikurire y'ibihingwa n'imirasire y'urumuri, ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, ubwinshi bwa CO2, ubwinshi bw'intungamubiri mu gisubizo cy'ibikomoka ku bimera, na EC, hagomba gukorwa icyitegererezo cy'ingano y'ibihingwa n'ibidukikije. Hakwiye gushyirwaho icyitegererezo cy'ingenzi cyo gusesengura amakuru y'ubuzima bw'imboga n'ibipimo by'umusaruro. Hakwiye kandi gushyirwaho uburyo bwo gusuzuma no kugenzura imikorere y'ibidukikije bukoresha imashini nyinshi. Hakwiye gushyirwaho uburyo bwo gufata ibyemezo by'ubwenge bw'ubukorano buhuriweho n'imashini nyinshi mu gikorwa cyose cyo gukora uruganda rw'ubuhinzi rukora cyane.

4.1.3 Umusaruro muke wa karuboni no kuzigama ingufu

Gushyiraho uburyo bwo gucunga ingufu bukoresha ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa nk'izuba n'umuyaga kugira ngo buzuze uburyo bwo kohereza ingufu no kugenzura ikoreshwa ry'ingufu kugira ngo intego nziza zo gucunga ingufu zigerweho. Gufata no kongera gukoresha imyuka ya CO2 mu gufasha umusaruro w'ibihingwa.

4.1.3 Agaciro gakomeye k'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa by'agaciro

Ingamba zishoboka zigomba gufatwa kugira ngo hororwe ubwoko butandukanye bw’imbuto ziyongera agaciro mu gutera, hubakwe ububiko bw’inzobere mu ikoranabuhanga ryo guhinga, hakorwe ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga ryo guhinga, guhitamo ubucucike bw’imbuto, gutunganya ibishyimbo, ubwoko bw’imbuto n’ibikoresho bihuye na byo, kandi hakorwe ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ikoranabuhanga ryo guhinga.

4.2 Ibyiza byo guteza imbere inganda

Inganda zishobora kwikuramo imbogamizi z’umutungo n’ibidukikije, zigashyira mu bikorwa umusaruro w’ubuhinzi mu nganda, kandi zigakurura abakozi bashya kugira ngo bakore mu buhinzi. Udushya tw’ingenzi mu ikoranabuhanga no mu nganda mu nganda z’Ubushinwa turimo kuba ingenzi ku isi. Hamwe no kwihutisha ikoreshwa ry’urumuri rwa LED, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bwikora, n’ikoranabuhanga mu by’ubwenge mu rwego rw’inganda, inganda zizakurura ishoramari ryinshi, gukusanya impano, no gukoresha ingufu nshya, ibikoresho bishya, n’ibikoresho bishya. Muri ubu buryo, guhuza ikoranabuhanga ry’amakuru n’ibikoresho n’ibikoresho mu buryo bwimbitse bishobora kugerwaho, urwego rw’ibikoresho n’ibikoresho by’ubwenge n’ibidafite abakozi rushobora kunozwa, kugabanuka guhoraho kw’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu n’ikiguzi cy’imikorere binyuze mu guhanga udushya, no guhinga buhoro buhoro amasoko yihariye, inganda z’abahanga zizazana igihe cyiza cy’iterambere.

Dukurikije raporo z’ubushakashatsi ku isoko, ingano y’isoko ry’ubuhinzi buhagaze ku isi mu 2020 ni miliyari 2.9 z’amadolari y’Amerika gusa, kandi biteganijwe ko mu 2025, ingano y’isoko ry’ubuhinzi buhagaze ku isi izaba igeze kuri miliyari 30 z’amadolari y’Amerika. Muri make, inganda zifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoresha n’ahazashyirwa mu bikorwa.

Umwanditsi: Zengchan Zhou, Weidong, nibindi

Amakuru yerekeye incamake:Imiterere y'ubu n'icyizere cy'iterambere ry'inganda z'ibimera [J]. Ikoranabuhanga mu by'Ubwubatsi mu Buhinzi, 2022, 42(1): 18-23.na Zengchan Zhou, Wei Dong, Xiugang Li, n'abandi.