Kazoza k'inganda zihingwa nizihe?

Abstract: Mu myaka yashize, hamwe nubushakashatsi bukomeje bwikoranabuhanga ryubuhinzi bugezweho, inganda zinganda nazo zateye imbere byihuse.Uru rupapuro rugaragaza uko ibintu bimeze, ibibazo bihari hamwe n’ingamba zo guhangana n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’inganda n’iterambere ry’inganda, kandi ritegereje icyerekezo cy’iterambere n’icyizere cy’inganda z’ibihingwa mu bihe biri imbere.

1. Imiterere yiterambere ryikoranabuhanga muruganda rwibimera mubushinwa ndetse no mumahanga

1.1 Imiterere yiterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryamahanga

Kuva mu kinyejana cya 21, ubushakashatsi ku nganda z’ibihingwa byibanze ahanini ku kunoza imikorere y’umucyo, gushyiraho ibikoresho byinshi byo guhinga ibice bitatu byo guhinga, no gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere imiyoborere n’ubugenzuzi.Mu kinyejana cya 21, guhanga udushya tw’umucyo LED y’ubuhinzi byateye imbere, bitanga ubufasha bukomeye bwa tekiniki yo gukoresha ingufu za LED zitanga ingufu mu nganda z’ibihingwa.Kaminuza ya Chiba mu Buyapani yakoze udushya twinshi mumasoko yumucyo mwinshi, kugenzura ibidukikije bizigama ingufu, hamwe nubuhanga bwo guhinga.Kaminuza ya Wageningen yo mu Buholandi ikoresha ibihingwa-bigereranya ibihingwa hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rifite imbaraga mu guteza imbere sisitemu y’ibikoresho by’ubwenge ku nganda z’ibihingwa, bigabanya cyane ibiciro by’imikorere kandi bikazamura cyane umusaruro w’umurimo.

Mu myaka yashize, inganda z’ibihingwa zagiye zimenya buhoro buhoro igice cyo gutangiza umusaruro uhereye kubiba, guhinga ingemwe, guhinga, no gusarura.Ubuyapani, Ubuholandi, na Amerika biri ku isonga, hamwe n’imashini yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, gukoresha imashini, ndetse n’ubwenge, kandi biratera imbere mu cyerekezo cy’ubuhinzi buhagaze n’ibikorwa bidafite abadereva.

1.2 Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa

1.2

Inkomoko idasanzwe yumutuku nubururu LED itanga umusaruro wubwoko butandukanye bwibimera mu nganda z’ibimera byatejwe imbere.Imbaraga ziri hagati ya 30 na 300 W, kandi ubukana bwurumuri ni 80 kugeza 500 μ mol / (m2 • s), bushobora gutanga ubukana bwurumuri hamwe nurwego rukwiye, ibipimo byubwiza bwumucyo, kugirango bigere ku ngaruka zo gukora neza kuzigama ingufu no guhuza ibikenerwa no gukura kw'ibimera no kumurika.Kubijyanye no gucunga ubushyuhe bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, hashyizweho igishushanyo mbonera cyo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwumucyo utanga urumuri, bigabanya umuvuduko wo kwangirika kwurumuri rwumucyo kandi bikanatanga ubuzima bwumucyo.Byongeye kandi, harasabwa uburyo bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe bwumucyo wa LED ukoresheje igisubizo cyintungamubiri cyangwa kuzenguruka amazi.Ku bijyanye n’imicungire y’umucyo uturuka ku mucyo, ukurikije itegeko ry’ihindagurika ry’ubunini bw’ibimera mu cyiciro cy’ingemwe ndetse no mu cyiciro cya nyuma, binyuze mu micungire y’imiterere ihagaze y’imicungire y’umucyo wa LED, urumuri rushobora kumurikirwa hafi kandi intego yo kuzigama ingufu ni byagezweho.Kugeza ubu, ingufu zikoreshwa mu ruganda rukora urumuri rutanga urumuri rushobora kugera kuri 50% kugeza kuri 60% by’ingufu zose zikoreshwa mu ruganda.Nubwo LED ishobora kuzigama ingufu 50% ugereranije n’amatara ya fluorescent, haracyari ubushobozi nibikenewe mubushakashatsi kubijyanye no kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya ibicuruzwa.

1.2.2

Ikinyuranyo cyibice byinshi byubuhinzi-buringaniye buragabanuka kubera ko LED isimbuza itara rya fluorescent, ritezimbere uburyo butatu bwo gukoresha umwanya murwego rwo guhinga ibihingwa.Hariho ubushakashatsi bwinshi ku gishushanyo cyo hasi yigitanda cyo guhinga.Imirongo yazamuye yagenewe kubyara imivurungano, ishobora gufasha imizi y'ibihingwa kwinjiza intungamubiri mu ntungamubiri zuzuye kandi bikongerera ingufu za ogisijeni yashonze.Ukoresheje ikibaho cyabakoloni, hariho uburyo bubiri bwo gukoloniza, ni ukuvuga ibikombe bya plastiki ya colonisation yubunini butandukanye cyangwa uburyo bwa sponge perimeter.Sisitemu yo kuryama ihindagurika yagaragaye, kandi ikibaho cyo gutera hamwe n’ibiti biri kuri yo birashobora gusunikwa nintoki kuva ku mpera imwe kugeza ku rundi, bikamenya uburyo bwo gukora bwo gutera ku mpera imwe yigitanda cyo guhinga no gusarura ku rundi ruhande.Kugeza ubu, hateguwe uburyo butandukanye bw’ibice bitatu-byinshi by’ubutaka bw’umuco n’ibikoresho bishingiye ku buhanga bw’amafirime y’intungamubiri n’ikoranabuhanga ryimbitse ry’amazi, kandi ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho byo guhinga insina zo mu bwoko bwa strawberry, guhinga aerosol guhinga imboga n’indabyo. Byadutse.Ikoranabuhanga ryavuzwe ryateye imbere byihuse.

1.2.3 Intungamubiri zikemura ibibazo bya tekinoroji nibikoresho

Nyuma yumuti wintungamubiri umaze gukoreshwa mugihe runaka, birakenewe kongeramo amazi nibintu byubaka.Mubisanzwe, ingano yumuti wintungamubiri wateguwe hamwe nubunini bwa acide-base igenwa no gupima EC na pH.Ibice binini byimyanda cyangwa imizi ya exfoliation mumuti wintungamubiri bigomba gukurwaho nayunguruzo.Imizi isohoka mu ntungamubiri zintungamubiri zirashobora gukurwaho nuburyo bwo gufotora kugirango wirinde inzitizi zihoraho ziterwa na hydroponique, ariko hari ingaruka zimwe na zimwe ziboneka mu ntungamubiri.

1.2.4 Ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura ibidukikije

Isuku y’ikirere cyahantu hakorerwa ni kimwe mu bipimo byingenzi byerekana ubwiza bw’ikirere cy’uruganda.Isuku yo mu kirere (ibipimo byahagaritswe na bagiteri zahagaritswe) mu mwanya w’umusaruro w’uruganda rw’ibihingwa mu bihe bigoye bigomba kugenzurwa kugeza ku rwego rusaga 100.000.Kwinjiza ibikoresho byangiza, abakozi binjira mukuvura ikirere, hamwe na sisitemu nziza yo gukwirakwiza ikirere (sisitemu yo kuyungurura ikirere) byose birinda umutekano.Ubushuhe n'ubushuhe, ubukonje bwa CO2 n'umuvuduko ukabije w'ikirere mu kirere gikorerwa ni ikindi kintu cyingenzi kigenzura ikirere.Nk’uko amakuru abitangaza, gushyiraho ibikoresho nk’isanduku ivanga ikirere, imiyoboro y’ikirere, ibyuka byo mu kirere hamwe n’ibisohoka mu kirere birashobora kugenzura neza ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe, ubukonje bwa CO2 n’umuvuduko w’ikirere mu mwanya w’umusaruro, kugira ngo bigere ku buringanire buri hejuru kandi bikemure ibihingwa bikenewe. ahantu hatandukanye.Ubushyuhe, ubushuhe hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura CO2 hamwe na sisitemu yo mu kirere cyiza byinjijwe muburyo bwimikorere yikirere.Sisitemu eshatu zigomba gusangira umuyoboro w’ikirere, umwuka w’ikirere n’isohoka ry’ikirere, kandi bigatanga imbaraga binyuze mu mufana kugira ngo hamenyekane urujya n'uruza rw'ikirere, kuyungurura no kwanduza, no kuvugurura no guhuza ubuziranenge bw'ikirere.Iremeza ko umusaruro w’ibihingwa mu ruganda rw’ibihingwa udafite udukoko n’indwara, kandi nta bisabwa byica udukoko.Muri icyo gihe, uburinganire bw’ubushyuhe, ubuhehere, umwuka w’ikirere hamwe n’ubushyuhe bwa CO2 by’ibidukikije bikura muri kanopi byemezwa ko bikenewe mu mikurire y’ibimera.

2. Iterambere ryimiterere yinganda zinganda

2.1 Imiterere yinganda zinganda zamahanga

Mu Buyapani, ubushakashatsi niterambere hamwe ninganda zinganda zikora ibihingwa byoroheje byihuta cyane, kandi biri kurwego rwo hejuru.Mu mwaka wa 2010, guverinoma y’Ubuyapani yatangije miliyari 50 yen mu rwego rwo gushyigikira ubushakashatsi n’ikoranabuhanga no kwerekana inganda.Ibigo umunani birimo kaminuza ya Chiba hamwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’ubushakashatsi ku ruganda rw’Ubuyapani bitabiriye.Isosiyete y'Ubuyapani Future Company yakoze kandi ikora umushinga wa mbere wo kwerekana inganda z'uruganda rukora umusaruro wa buri munsi ku bihingwa 3.000.Muri 2012, umusaruro w’uruganda rw’uruganda wari 700 yen / kg.Mu mwaka wa 2014, uruganda rukora uruganda rugezweho muri Taga Castle, Perefegitura ya Miyagi rwararangiye, ruba uruganda rwa mbere rwa LED ku isi rutanga umusaruro ku munsi ku bihingwa 10,000.Kuva mu mwaka wa 2016, inganda z’uruganda rwa LED zinjiye mu buryo bwihuse bw’inganda mu Buyapani, kandi imishinga ivunika cyangwa yunguka yagaragaye umwe umwe.Muri 2018, inganda nini nini zinganda zifite umusaruro wa buri munsi zingana n’ibiti 50.000 kugeza 100.000 byagaragaye buri kimwe, kandi inganda z’ibimera ku isi zateye imbere zigana ku iterambere rinini, ry’umwuga n’ubwenge.Muri icyo gihe, amashanyarazi ya Tokiyo, amashanyarazi ya Okinawa n’indi mirima yatangiye gushora imari mu nganda z’ibihingwa.Muri 2020, umugabane wamasoko ya salitusi yakozwe ninganda z’ibihingwa by’Ubuyapani uzagera kuri 10% ku isoko rya salitusi yose.Mu nganda zirenga 250 zo mu bwoko bw’ibihingwa ngengabukungu zikora muri iki gihe, 20% ziri mu rwego rwo guteza igihombo, 50% ziri ku rwego rwo kuruhuka, naho 30% ziri mu rwego rwunguka, zirimo amoko y’ibimera ahingwa nka salitusi, ibyatsi, ningemwe.

Ubuholandi ni umuyobozi nyawe ku isi mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa ry’umucyo w’izuba n’urumuri rw’ubukorikori ku ruganda rw’ibihingwa, hamwe n’urwego rwo hejuru rw’imashini, gukoresha imashini, ubwenge ndetse n’ubumuntu, none rwohereje mu mahanga ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho byuzuye bikomeye. ibicuruzwa mu burasirazuba bwo hagati, Afurika, Ubushinwa n'ibindi bihugu.Isambu y'Abanyamerika AeroFarms iherereye i Newark, muri Leta ya New Jersey, muri Amerika, ifite ubuso bwa m2 6500.Ihinga cyane cyane imboga n'ibirungo, kandi ibisohoka ni 900 t / mwaka.

inganda1Ubuhinzi buhagaze muri AeroFarms

Uruganda rukora ubuhinzi rwa vertical rwuruganda rwa Plenty muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika rukoresha urumuri rwa LED hamwe nigiti cyo guhinga gihagaritse gifite uburebure bwa m 6.Ibimera bikura kumpande zabahinga.Kwishingikiriza ku kuvomera imbaraga, ubu buryo bwo gutera ntibusaba pompe ziyongera kandi bukoresha amazi kuruta ubuhinzi busanzwe.Benshi bavuga ko umurima we utanga umusaruro inshuro 350 umusaruro w’umurima usanzwe mugihe ukoresha 1% byamazi.

inganda2Uruganda rukora ibihingwa, Uruganda rwinshi

2.2 Inganda zikora inganda mu Bushinwa

Mu mwaka wa 2009, uruganda rwa mbere rutunganya ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa rufite igenzura ry’ubwenge kuko urufatiro rwubatswe rugashyirwa mu bikorwa muri pariki y’ubuhinzi ya Changchun.Ubuso bwubatswe ni m2 200, kandi ibidukikije nkubushyuhe, ubushuhe, urumuri, CO2 hamwe nintungamubiri zintungamubiri zuruganda rwibihingwa birashobora guhita bikurikiranwa mugihe nyacyo kugirango hamenyekane imiyoborere yubwenge.

Mu mwaka wa 2010, uruganda rw’uruganda rwa Tongzhou rwubatswe i Beijing.Imiterere nyamukuru ifata ibyuma byoroheje byoroheje byubatswe hamwe nubuso bwubatswe bwa 1289 m2.Ifite nk'ubwikorezi bw'indege, bishushanya ubuhinzi bw'Ubushinwa bufata iyambere mu gufata ubwato mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ry'ubuhinzi bugezweho.Ibikoresho byikora kubikorwa bimwe na bimwe byumusaruro wimboga wamababi byatejwe imbere, byazamuye urwego rwo gutangiza umusaruro no gukora neza muruganda.Uruganda rwuruganda rukoresha sisitemu yubushyuhe bwa pompe yubutaka hamwe na sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, ikemura neza ikibazo cyamafaranga menshi yo gukora muruganda.

inganda3 inganda4Imbere no hanze yuruganda rwa Tongzhou

Mu mwaka wa 2013, hashyizweho amasosiyete menshi y’ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi muri Yangling Agricultural High-Technology Demonstration Zone, Intara ya Shaanxi.Imyinshi mu mishinga y'uruganda rwinganda irimo kubakwa no gukoreshwa iherereye muri parike yerekana ubuhinzi buhanga buhanitse, bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kwerekana siyanse izwi cyane no gutembera mu myidagaduro.Bitewe nuko ubushobozi bwabo bugarukira, biragoye kuriyi nganda zikoreshwa mubumenyi bwa siyansi kugera ku musaruro mwinshi no gukora neza bisabwa n’inganda, kandi bizabagora kuba uburyo rusange bw’inganda mu bihe biri imbere.

Mu mwaka wa 2015, uruganda rukomeye rwa LED rukora chip mu Bushinwa rwakoranye n’Ikigo cya Botany cyo mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi ry’Ubushinwa kugira ngo bafatanyirize hamwe gushinga uruganda rukora uruganda.Yanyuze mu nganda za optoelectronic yerekeza mu nganda “fotobiologiya”, kandi ibaye intangarugero ku bakora inganda za LED zo mu Bushinwa gushora imari mu kubaka inganda z’inganda mu nganda.Uruganda rw’ibihingwa rwiyemeje gushora imari mu nganda mu mafoto agaragara, ahuza ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, umusaruro, kwerekana, inkubasi n’indi mirimo, ifite imari shingiro ya miliyoni 100.Muri kamena 2016, uru ruganda rw’ibihingwa rufite inyubako yamagorofa 3 rufite ubuso bwa m2 3000 hamwe n’ahantu ho guhinga harenga m2 10,000 harangiye hashyirwa mu bikorwa.Muri Gicurasi 2017, igipimo cy'umusaruro wa buri munsi kizaba kg 1.500 z'imboga zifite amababi, bihwanye n'ibiti bya salitusi 15.000 kumunsi.

inganda5Reba iyi sosiyete

3. Ibibazo ningamba zo guhangana niterambere ryinganda zinganda

3.1 Ibibazo

3.1.1 Igiciro kinini cyo kubaka

Inganda zihingwa zigomba gutanga umusaruro ahantu hafunze.Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe kubaka imishinga nibikoresho birimo ibikoresho byo kubungabunga hanze, sisitemu yo guhumeka ikirere, amasoko yumucyo wububiko, sisitemu yo guhinga ibice byinshi, gukwirakwiza intungamubiri, hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura mudasobwa.Igiciro cyo kubaka kiri hejuru.

3.1.2 Igiciro kinini cyo gukora

Amenshi mu masoko yumucyo asabwa ninganda zikomoka kumatara ya LED, atwara amashanyarazi menshi mugihe atanga imirongo ijyanye no gukura kwibihingwa bitandukanye.Ibikoresho nka konderasi, guhumeka, hamwe na pompe zamazi mugikorwa cyo gukora inganda zinganda nazo zitwara amashanyarazi, bityo fagitire yumuriro nigiciro kinini.Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, mu biciro by’umusaruro w’inganda z’inganda, ibiciro by’amashanyarazi bingana na 29%, amafaranga y’umurimo angana na 26%, guta agaciro k'umutungo utimukanwa bingana na 23%, gupakira no gutwara abantu bingana na 12%, naho ibikoresho byo gukora bingana na 10%.

inganda6Gucamo ibiciro byumusaruro wuruganda

3.1.3 Urwego rwo hasi rwo kwikora

Uruganda rukoreshwa muri iki gihe rufite urwego ruto rwo kwikora, kandi inzira nko gutera, gutera, guhinga, no gusarura biracyasaba ibikorwa byintoki, bikavamo amafaranga menshi yumurimo.

3.1.4 Ubwoko butandukanye bwibihingwa bishobora guhingwa

Kugeza ubu, ubwoko bwibihingwa bikwiranye n’inganda z’ibihingwa ni bike cyane, cyane cyane imboga rwatsi zifite amababi zikura vuba, byoroshye kwakira amasoko y’urumuri, kandi bifite ibiti bike.Igihingwa kinini ntigishobora gukorwa kubisabwa bigoye gutera (nk'ibihingwa bigomba kwanduzwa, nibindi).

3.2 Ingamba ziterambere

Urebye ibibazo inganda zikora inganda zihura nazo, birakenewe gukora ubushakashatsi mubice bitandukanye nkikoranabuhanga nibikorwa.Mu gusubiza ibibazo biriho, ingamba zo guhangana nizo zikurikira.

(1) Gushimangira ubushakashatsi ku buhanga bwubwenge bwinganda zinganda no kuzamura urwego rwubuyobozi bukomeye kandi bunonosoye.Iterambere rya sisitemu yo gucunga no kugenzura ifite ubwenge ifasha kugera ku micungire yimbitse kandi inoze yinganda zinganda, zishobora kugabanya cyane amafaranga yumurimo no kuzigama abakozi.

.Gutezimbere ibikoresho byubuhinzi nibikoresho byiza cyane, ikoranabuhanga rizigama ingufu nibikoresho, nibindi, kugirango urwego rwubwenge bwinganda zinganda, bifashe mubikorwa byo gutanga umusaruro mwinshi buri mwaka.

. .

.

4. Iterambere ryiterambere hamwe nicyizere cyuruganda rwibimera

4.1 Inzira yo Gutezimbere Ikoranabuhanga

4.1.1

Hashingiwe ku mashini-yubukorikori hamwe no gukumira igihombo cya sisitemu y’ibihingwa-robo, byihuta byihuta kandi bidasenya no gutera no gusarura amaherezo, byagabanijwe ahantu hanini hagaragara neza hamwe nuburyo bwinshi bwo kugenzura imashini, no kubiba abantu badafite abapilote, bakora neza kandi ntibisenya mu nganda ndende -Ibikoresho byubwenge n’ibikoresho bifasha nko gutera-gusarura-gupakira, bityo bikamenyekanisha imikorere idafite abadereva inzira yose.

4.1.2 Kora neza kugenzura umusaruro

Hashingiwe ku buryo bwo gusubiza ibihingwa no gutera imbere ku mirasire y’umucyo, ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, kwibumbira hamwe kwa CO2, intungamubiri zintungamubiri zintungamubiri, na EC, hagomba kubakwa urugero rwinshi rwibitekerezo by’ibihingwa-bidukikije.Icyitegererezo cyibanze kigomba gushyirwaho kugirango dusesengure byimazeyo amakuru yimibereho yimboga yibibabi nibidukikije.Hagomba gushyirwaho uburyo bwo gusuzuma imiterere ya dinamike yo gusuzuma no kugenzura ibidukikije.Hagomba gushyirwaho imashini nyinshi ikorana nubwenge bwubwenge bwo gufata ibyemezo kubikorwa byose byumusaruro mwinshi wuruganda rwubuhinzi ruhagaze neza.

4.1.3 Umusaruro muke wa karubone no kuzigama ingufu

Gushiraho uburyo bwo gucunga ingufu zikoresha ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu nkizuba n umuyaga kugirango zuzuze amashanyarazi no kugenzura ikoreshwa ryingufu kugirango tugere ku ntego nziza zo gucunga ingufu.Gufata no gukoresha imyuka ya CO2 kugirango ifashe umusaruro wibihingwa.

4.1.3 Agaciro keza k'ubwoko butandukanye

Hagomba gufatwa ingamba zishoboka zo korora ubwoko butandukanye bwongerewe agaciro kongerewe agaciro kubushakashatsi bwo gutera, kubaka data base yinzobere mu buhanga bwo guhinga, gukora ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga ry’ubuhinzi, guhitamo ubwinshi, gutondeka ibyatsi, guhuza ibikoresho n’ibikoresho bihuza, no gushyiraho uburyo bwa tekiniki bwo guhinga.

4.2 Iterambere ryinganda

Inganda z’ibihingwa zirashobora gukuraho imbogamizi z’umutungo n’ibidukikije, kumenya umusaruro w’inganda mu nganda, no gukurura igisekuru gishya cy’abakozi kugira ngo bakore umusaruro w’ubuhinzi.Ivugurura ry’ikoranabuhanga n’inganda mu nganda z’inganda z’Ubushinwa zirimo kuba umuyobozi w’isi.Hamwe nogukoresha byihuse isoko yumucyo LED, digitisation, automatisation, hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryubwenge mubijyanye ninganda zinganda, inganda zinganda zizakurura ishoramari ryinshi, gukusanya impano, no gukoresha ingufu nyinshi, ibikoresho bishya, nibikoresho bishya.Muri ubu buryo, guhuza byimbitse ikoranabuhanga ryamakuru nibikoresho nibikoresho birashobora kugerwaho, urwego rwubwenge kandi rudafite abapilote rwibikoresho nibikoresho birashobora kunozwa, kugabanuka guhoraho kwa sisitemu yo gukoresha ingufu hamwe nigiciro cyibikorwa binyuze mu guhanga udushya, kandi buhoro buhoro. guhinga amasoko yihariye, inganda zubuhinzi zifite ubwenge zizatangiza igihe cyizahabu cyiterambere.

Raporo y’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku isoko, ingano y’isoko ry’ubuhinzi bwa vertical ku isi mu 2020 ni miliyari 2.9 z’amadolari y’Amerika gusa, bikaba biteganijwe ko mu 2025, ingano y’isoko ry’ubuhinzi ihagaze ku isi izagera kuri miliyari 30 z'amadolari ya Amerika.Muncamake, uruganda rwibimera rufite amahirwe menshi yo gukoreshwa hamwe niterambere ryiterambere.

Umwanditsi: Zengchan Zhou, Weidong, nibindi

Ibisobanuro byatanzwe:Ibiriho hamwe nibitekerezo byiterambere ryinganda zinganda [J].Ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi, 2022, 42 (1): 18-23.na Zengchan Zhou, Wei Dong, Xiugang Li, n'abandi.


Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-23-2022